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Reg.No:
6. Write the transformation equation to convert low pass filter into band stop filter.
9. What is decimation?
10. List various special audio effects that can be implemented digitally.
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PART − B (5 × 16 = 80)
(2).Assume now that we sample this signal using sampling rate Fa = 5000 samples / Sec .What
(3).What is the analog signal y a (t ) that we can reconstruct from the samples if we use ideal
interpolated. (8)
(ii).Derive the equation for convolution sum and summarize the steps involved in computing
convolution. (8)
Or
(b) (i).Determine the Z-transform and ROC of the signal x(n) = −α n u (−n − 1) . (6)
(1).Static or dynamic
(2).Linear or nonlinear
(4).Casual or non-casual
12. (a) (i).Find eight point DFT of the following sequence using direct method: (10)
(1) {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 }
(ii).State any six properties of DFT. (6)
Or
(b) (i).Compute eight point DFT of the following sequences using radix-2 decimation in time FFT
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13. (a) (i).Obtain the direct form I, direct form II, cascade and parallel form realization for the system
2
(ii).For the analog transfer function H ( s ) = .Determine H (z ) using impulse
( s + 1)( s + 2)
Or
Passband - 0-500Hz
Stopband - 2-4KHz
Determine following:
(i).Pass and stopband edge frequencies for a suitable analog prototype low pass filter.
(iii).Coefficients and hence the transfer function of the discrete time filter using the bilinear z-
transform.
1 1 1
14. (a) (i).Given a three stage lattice filter with coefficients K 1 = , K 2 = , K 3 = , determine the
4 4 3
(ii).Determine the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length M = 15 has a symmetric
unit sample response and a frequency response that satisfies the conditions
2πk 1 k = 0, 1, 2, 3
H = (8)
15 0 k = 4, 5, 6, 7
Or
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(b) Design an ideal high pass filter with a frequency response
π
1 for ≤ ω ≤π
( )
H d e jω = 4
π
0 for ω ≤
4
Find the values of h(n) for N = 11 using hamming window. Find H (z ) and compute magnitude
response. (16)
15 (a) (i) Explain the method for converting the sampling rate by a factor I/D with block diagram and
equations. (8)
Or
(b) (i) .With block diagram explain adaptive filtering based adaptive channel equalization. (8)
(ii) .What is image enhancement? Explain various image enhancement techniques. (8)
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Reg.No:
π π
1. Determine even and odd components of the signal, x(n) = exp j n + j , where j = − 1 .
4 2
4. What is FFT?
1
6. Give the low pass transfer function H a ( s ) = .Find the high pass transfer function having a cut-
s =1
off frequency 10 Rad / Sec .
7. Compare the digital signal processing systems with fixed point and floating point representation.
10.Let x(n) = { 1.5, 1, 0.5, − 0.2, 1.5, 7.5 } Compute (a) x n (b) x(4n)
3
↑
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PART − B (5 × 16 = 80)
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11. (a) (i).State sampling theorem and explain aliasing graphically. (8)
x(n) = {1, 0 ≤ n ≤ 99 }
(0.5)n , 9 ≤ n ≤ 49 (4)
h( n) =
0, 50 ≤ n ≤ 99
(iii).Find the Z-transform of the given sequence x(n) = 8(n − 5) + e n u (n − 2) + u (n) . (4)
Or
(b) (i).Find the Linear Convolution of x(n) ∗ h(n) through circular convolution. Assume the
suitable length .M
(0.5) n , 0≤n≤9
x ( n) =
0, Otherwise
(8)
(0.8)n , 0 ≤ n ≤ 19
h( n) =
0, Otherwise
12. (a) (i).Let X ( K ) = DFT {x(n)} with n: K = 0,1,......., ( N − 1) .Determine the relationship between
Or
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(t ) = exp(−0.5t )u (t ) of certain LTI system. Find the T.F. H (Z )
13. (a) (i).An impulse response, hwww.Vidyarthiplus.com
function. (4)
Or
(b) (i).Draw the Ideal Gain Vs frequency characteristics of HPF and BPF and also how the
(ii).Write short notes on frequency translation in both Analog and Digital domain. (8)
2πn
14. (a) The Hamming window is given by ω (n) = 0.54 − 046 cos , 0 ≤ n ≤ m − 1 .Compute the
m −1
first 10 coefficients using above window functions having the magnitude response. (16)
(ii) Draw three different structure of H (z ). with coefficients represented by (1) 4-bit word length (2) 6-
ω =π3
bit word length at frequency
1
H ( z ). =
z − 0.752352
(8)
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15 (a) (i) Explain the salient features of image enhancement techniques. (10)
Or
(b) (i) Determine the output y(n) for each of the given input signal x(n) (8)
(ii) Explain the sampling by rational factor by taking an example of your own. Also state its
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Reg. No. :
Seventh Semester
(Regulation 2008)
1. Define and express the transfer function of Nth order LTI system.
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PART B — (5 × 16 = 80 marks)
Or
(b) LTI system is described by the difference equation
y (n ) = a y (n − 1 ) + b x (n ) . Find the impulse response, magnitude
function and phase function. Solve b, if H (w ) = 1 . Sketch the
magnitude and phase response for a = 0.6. (16)
12. (a) (i) Evaluate the 8-point for the following sequences using DIT-FFT
algorithm (8)
1 for −3 ≤ n ≤ 3
x (n ) =
0 otherwise
Or
(b) Determine the response of LTI system when the input sequence
x (n ) = {− 1, 1, 2 , 1, − 1 } by radix 2 DIT FFT. The impulse response of the
system is h (n ) = {− 1, 1, − 1, 1} . (16)
Or
(b) The specification of the desired low pass filter is
0 . 9 ≤ H (w ) ≤ 1 .0 ; 0 ≤ w ≤ 0 . 25 π
H (w ) ≤ 0 .24 ; 0 .5 π ≤ w ≤ π
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14. (a) (i) Design a single tier notch filter to reject frequencies in the range
1 to 2 rad/sec using rectangular window with N = 7 . (8)
Or
(b) (i) Explain the characteristics of a limit cycle oscillation with
respect to the system described by the equation
y (n ) = 0 . 95 y (n − 1 ) + x (n ) . Determine the dead band of the filter.(8)
15. (a) Explain the methods of speech analysis and synthesis in detail. (16)
Or
(b) Explain how image enhancement restoration and coding can be done
using signal processing. (16)
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Reg. No. :
Fifth Semester
Information Technology
(Regulation 2008)
7. List out the conditions for the FIR filter to be linear phase.
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PART B — (5 × 16 = 80 marks)
11. (a) (i) Suppose a LTI system with input x (n ) and output y (n ) is
characterized by its unit sample response h (n ) = (0 .8 )n u (n ) . Find
the response y (n ) of such a system to the input signal
x ( n ) = u (n ) .
(8)
12. (a) By means of the DFT and IDFT, determine the response at the FIR
filter with the impulse response h (n ) = [1,2 ,3 ] and the input sequence
x (n ) = [1,2 ,2 ,1 ] .
Or
13. (a) (i) Find the H (z ) corresponding to the impulse invariance design
using a sample rate of 1/T samples/sec for an analog filter H (s )
A
specified as follows : H ( s ) = . (6)
S +α
(ii) Design a digital low pass filter using the bilinear transform to
satisfy the following characteristics (1) Monotonic stop band
and pass band (2 ) − 3 dB cutoff frequency of 0 .5 π rad (3 )
magnitude down at least − 15 dB at 0 .75 π rad . (10)
Or
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(b) Design an IIR filter using impulse invariance technique for the given
1
H a (s ) = 2 . Assume T = 1 sec. Realize this filter using direct
s + 17 s + 12
form I and direct form II. (16)
14. (a) Design and obtain the coefficients of a 15 tap linear phase FIR low
pass filter using Hamming window to meet the given frequency
response (16)
π
1 for | w| ≤
H d (w ) = 6 .
π
0 for | w| ≤ π
6
Or
(b) (i) Determine the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length
M = 15 which has a symmetric unit sample response and a
frequency response that satisfies the conditions
1 k = 0 ,1,2 ,3
2π k
Hr = 0 .4 k = 4 . (8)
15
0 k = 5 ,6 ,7
(ii) The output of A/D converter is applied to digital filter with the
0 .5 z
system function H ( z ) = . Find the output noise power
z − 0 .5
from the digital filter when the input signal is quantized to have
8 bits. (8)
15. (a) Derive and explain the frequency domain characteristics of the
Decimator by the factor M and interpolator by the factor L. (16)
Or
(b) With neat diagram explain any two applications of adaptive filter
using LMS algorithm. (16)
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Reg. No. :
Fifth Semester
Information Technology
(Regulation 2008)
1. Calculate the minimum sampling frequency required for x(t ) = 0.5 sin 50 π t
+ 0.25 sin 25 π t , so as to avoid aliasing.
(b) BPF.
(b) Complexity
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PART B — (5 × 16 = 80 Marks)
x (n) = a n u(n )
h(n ) = β n u(n )
x ( n ) = δ ( n − 5) .
Or
12. (a) (i) Explain, how linear convolution of two finite sequences are obtained
via DFT.
(1) x = [1, 0, − 1, 0]
Or
(b) Draw the flow chart for N = 8 using tadix-2, DIF algorithm for finding
DFT coefficients.
13. (a) Design digital low pass filter using Bilinear transformation, Given that
1
Ha( s ) = .
( s + 1)( s + 1.732 s + 1)
Or
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(b) Design FIR filter using impulse invariance technique. Given that
1
Ha( s ) =
( s + 5s + 6)
14. (a) Design the first 15 coefficients of FIR filters of magnitude specification is
given below :
H ( e jw ) = 1, / w / < π / 2
= 0, otherwise.
Or
(b) Draw THREE different FIR structures for the H(z) given below:
H ( z ) = (1 + 5z −1 + 6z −2 )(1 + z −1 ) .
Find :
(1) x (n / 2)
(2) x (2n ) .
Or
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Reg.No:
1. Consider the analog signal x a (t ) = 3 cos 2000πt + 5 sin 6000πt + 10 cos12000πt . What is the Nyquist
2. Determine the system described by the following input and output equation is linear or nonlinear
y (n) = Ax(n) + B
4. How many complex multiplication and addition are required in DFT and FFT?
5. Indicate the location in the z plane to which the ± − ve points on the jω axis in the s plane go to due to
6. Convert the analog filter with system function H (s ) into digital IIR filter by
1
H (s) =
( s + 0.2)( s + 0.6)
8. What are the possible phase angles if the impulse response is anti-symmetric and legth of the filter
is odd?
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PART − B (5 × 16 = 80)
11. (a) (i). Compute and plot the convolution x(n) ∗ h(n) for the following signal: (6)
(ii). Determine the response y (n) , n ≥ 0 of the system described by the second order
Or
[ ]
x(n) = 3(2 n ) − 4(3 n ) u (n) . (6)
3 − 4 z −1
H ( z) = specify the ROC of H (z ) and determine for the following
1 − 3.5 z −1 + 1.5 z −1
conditions:
12. (a) (i). Obtain the FFT of the sequence using decimation in frequency (12)
x(n) = {8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 }
(ii). How can you compute IDFT using FFT(4)
Or
(b) Multiplication of the DFTs of two sequences is equivalent to the circular convolution of
the two sequences in the time domain. Prove this property by the following sequences:
13. (a) Design a digital low pass Butterworth filter using Bilinear transformation method to
Pass band ripple ≤1.25 dB ,pass band edge = 200 H z ,stop band attenuation ≥15 dB ,Stop
band edge = 300 H z ,sampling frequency = 2 kH z .
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Or
(b). (i). Find the transfer function of low pass analog Chebyshev filter to meet the following
requirements:
Pass band ripple 0.1 dB ,pass band edge 1 Rad / Sec ,stop band attenuation is almost
40 dB for 2 Rad / Sec (12)
14. (a) (i). Design a low pass FIR with 11 coefficients for the following specifications:
Or
(b) Determine the coefficients of a linear-phase FIR filter length M = 15 which has a
symmetric unit sample response and a frequency response that satisfy the condition:
1, k = 1, 2, 3
2πk
Hr = 0.4, k=4
15
0 k = 5, 6, 7
15 (a) For the all polo second order IIR digital filter described by difference equation
y (n) = −a1 y (n − 1) − a 2 (n − 2) + x(n) . Determine the dead band region governing the
limit cycle
Or
(b). Derive the expressions for the variance at the output of a digital filter characterized by
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