Ca Mammae Fibroadenoma Mammae Fibrokistik mammae Tumor Phyloides

Definisi Kanker payudara (KPD) Fibroadenoma adalah benjolan Tumor phyllodes adalah
merupakan keganasan pada padat dan kecil dan serta jinak neoplasma fibroepitelial yang
jaringan payudara yang dapat pada payudara yang terdiri dari jarang ditemukan. Insidensnya
berasal dari epitel duktus maupun jaringan kelenjar dan fibrosa. hanya sekita 0,3-0,9% dari
lobulusnya.Kanker payudara Benjolan ini biasanya ditemukan seluruh tumor payudara,
merupakan salah satu jenis kanker pada wanita muda, seringkali sedangkan frekuensi lesi maligna
terbanyak di Indonesia. pada remaja putri. bervariasi sekitar 5-30%.
Berdasarkan Pat hological Fibroadenoma muncul sebagai
Based Registration di Indonesia, nodus diskret, bisanya tunggal,
KPD menempati urutan pertama mudah digerakkan dan bergaris
dengan frekuensi relatif sebesar tengah 1 hingga 10 cm. Walaupun
18,6%. jarang, tumor mungkin multiple
dan bergaris tengah lebih dari 10
cm.
Etiologi Faktor-faktor reproduksi dan Penyebab dari fibroadenoma Tumor phyllodes merupakan
gangguan hormon, genetik, mammae adalah pengaruh jenis tumor payudara yang
konsumsi alkohol serta usia. hormon. Hal ini diketahui karena jarangm insidensnya 0,3-0,5 dari
ukuran difibroadenoma dapat total tumor payudara. Penelitian
berubah pada siklus menstruasi pada 8.567 pasien tumor
atau pada kehamilan. Lesi payudara pada tahun 1969 sampai
membesar pada akhir daur haid 1993 hanya menemukan 31 kasus
dan selama hamil. Ini diakibatkan tumor phyllodes (0,37%). Secara
kelebihan dari hormon estrogen. keseluruhan 2,1 kasus pe satu juta
Namun dapat dipengaruhi dari wanita, sangat jarang pada laki-
konsituasi genetika dan ada juga laki. Tumor biasanya jinak namun
kecendrungan pada keluarga dapat terjadi rekurensi lokal dan
menderita kanker. terkadang dapat menyebar secara
sistemik; jarang bilateral (baik
sikronous atau metakronous).
Faktor risikonya belum jelas,
mutasi p53 meningkatkan risiko
tumor phyllodes.
Age
As with many other diseases, your risk of breast cancer goes up as you get older. About two out of three invasive breast cancers are found in
women 55 or older.

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Family History
Women with close relatives who've been diagnosed with breast cancer have a higher risk of developing the disease. If you've had one first-
degree female relative (sister, mother, daughter) diagnosed with breast cancer, your risk is doubled.

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Genetics
About 5% to 10% of breast cancers are thought to be hereditary, caused by abnormal genes passed from parent to child.

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Personal History of Breast Cancer

If you've been diagnosed with breast cancer, you're 3 to 4 times more likely to develop a new cancer in the other breast or a different part of
the same breast. This risk is different from the risk of the original cancer coming back (called risk of recurrence).
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Radiation to Chest or Face Before Age 30

If you had radiation to the chest to treat another cancer (not breast cancer), such as Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, you have
a higher-than-average risk of breast cancer. If you had radiation to the face at an adolescent to treat acne (something that’s no longer done),
you are at higher risk of developing breast cancer later in life.

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Certain Breast Changes

If you've been diagnosed with certain benign (not cancer) breast conditions, you may have a higher risk of breast cancer. There are several
types of benign breast conditions that affect breast cancer risk

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Race/Ethnicity
White women are slightly more likely to develop breast cancer than African American, Hispanic, and Asian women. But African American
women are more likely to develop more aggressive, more advanced-stage breast cancer that is diagnosed at a young age.

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Being Overweight
Overweight and obese women have a higher risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer compared to women who maintain a healthy weight,
especially after menopause. Being overweight also can increase the risk of the breast cancer coming back (recurrence) in women who have
had the disease.

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Pregnancy History
Women who haven’t had a full-term pregnancy or have their first child after age 30 have a higher risk of breast cancer compared to women
who gave birth before age 30.

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Breastfeeding History
Breastfeeding can lower breast cancer risk, especially if a woman breastfeeds for longer than 1 year.

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Menstrual History
Women who started menstruating (having periods) younger than age 12 have a higher risk of breast cancer later in life. The same is true for
women who go through menopause when they're older than 55.
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Using HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy)

Current or recent past users of HRT have a higher risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer. Since 2002 when research linked HRT and risk,
the number of women taking HRT has dropped dramatically.

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Drinking Alcohol
Research consistently shows that drinking alcoholic beverages -- beer, wine, and liquor -- increases a woman's risk of hormone-receptor-
positive breast cancer.

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Having Dense Breasts

Research has shown that dense breasts can be 6 times more likely to develop cancer and can make it harder for mammograms to detect
breast cancer.

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Lack of Exercise
Research shows a link between exercising regularly at a moderate or intense level for 4 to 7 hours per week and a lower risk of breast cancer.

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Smoking
Smoking causes a number of diseases and is linked to a higher risk of breast cancer in younger, premenopausal women. Research also has
shown that there may be link between very heavy second-hand smoke exposure and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

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Emerging risks:
Low of Vitamin D Levels
Research suggests that women with low levels of vitamin D have a higher risk of breast cancer. Vitamin D may play a role in controlling normal
breast cell growth and may be able to stop breast cancer cells from growing.

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Light Exposure at Night

The results of several studies suggest that women who work at night -- factory workers, doctors, nurses, and police officers, for example --
have a higher risk of breast cancer compared to women who work during the day. Other research suggests that women who live in areas with
high levels of external light at night (street lights, for example) have a higher risk of breast cancer.
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DES (Diethylstilbestrol) Exposure

Some pregnant women were given DES from the 1940s through the 1960s to prevent miscarriage. Women who took DES themselves have a
slightly higher risk of breast cancer. Women who were exposed to DES while their mothers were pregnant with them also may have slightly
higher risk of breast cancer later in life.

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Eating Unhealthy Food

Diet is thought to be at least partly responsible for about 30% to 40% of all cancers. No food or diet can prevent you from getting breast cancer.
But some foods can make your body the healthiest it can be, boost your immune system, and help keep your risk for breast cancer as low as
possible.

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Exposure to Chemicals in Cosmetics

Research strongly suggests that at certain exposure levels, some of the chemicals in cosmetics may contribute to the development of cancer in
people.

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Exposure to Chemicals in Food
There's a real concern that pesticides, antibiotics, and hormones used on crops and livestock may cause health problems in people, including
an increase in breast cancer risk. There are also concerns about mercury in seafood and industrial chemicals in food and food packaging.

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Exposure to Chemicals for Lawns and Gardens

Research strongly suggests that at certain exposure levels, some of the chemicals in lawn and garden products may cause cancer in people.
But because the products are diverse combinations of chemicals, it's difficult to show a definite cause and effect for any specific chemical.

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Exposure to Chemicals in Plastic

Research strongly suggests that at certain exposure levels, some of the chemicals in plastic products, such as bisphenol A (BPA), may cause
cancer in people.

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Exposure to Chemicals in Sunscreen

While chemicals can protect us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays, research strongly suggests that at certain exposure levels, some of the
chemicals in some sunscreen products may cause cancer in people.

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Exposure to Chemicals in Water

Research has shown that the water you drink -- whether it’s from your home faucet or bottled water from a store -- may not always be as safe
as it could be. Everyone has a role in protecting the water supply. There are steps you can take to ensure your water is as safe as it can be.

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Exposure to Chemicals When Food Is Grilled/Prepared

Research has shown that women who ate a lot of grilled, barbecued, and smoked meats and very few fruits and vegetables had a higher risk of
breast cancer compared to women who didn't eat a lot of grilled meats.