Philippine Journal of Science

142: 119-133, Special Issue

ISSN 0031 - 7683
Date Received: ?? ???????? 2013

Biogeographical Notes on the Moss Floras of

Bicol Peninsula in Luzon and
the Catanduanes Islands, The Philippines

Virgilio C. Linis

Philippine National Herbarium, Botany Division, National

Museum, Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines

Substantial moss collections have been made in Bicol peninsula and neighbouring Catanduanes
Island, which form a special focus in the southeastern part of Luzon, the Philippines’ largest
island. Moss diversity in the study area has now increased to 124 genera and 292 species. As
expected, the moss flora has a predominant Luzon character, wherein about 34 species (11.64%)
are restricted to Luzon, while about 18 species (6.16%) are new to the study area. Three
species: Phyllodon lingulatus (Cardot) W. R. Buck, Aerobryopsis leptosigmata (Müll. Hal. ex
Broth. & Geh.) M. Fleisch., and Calyptothecium squarrosulum Nog. & B. C. Tan are restricted
to the study area, while one species, Acroporium convolutum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch.,
previously reported for the Philippines but without a documented locality, is reported here
with a locality information. Calymperes couguiense Besch., Leptotrichella sumatrana (Dixon)
Ochyra, Papillidiopsis macrosticta (Broth. & Paris) W. R. Buck & B. C. Tan, Physcomitrium
sphaericum (C. F. Ludw.) Fürnr., and Sematophyllum phoeniceum (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. are
new Philippine records.

Key Words: Biogeography, moss flora, Bicol Peninsula, Catanduanes Island, Kroeber’s % of similarity,
floristic affinity, Sierra Madre Range, Cordillera Range, Palawan.

Introduction lying areas have already been converted to agriculture

Bicol Peninsula, together with Catanduanes Island, lies in
the southeastern part of Luzon Island in the Philippines
between 11° 30’ and 14° 20’ N and 122° 20’ and 124° 30’
E (Fig. 1). This territory spreads over an area of about
14,900 km2 and from sea level to slightly over 2400 m in
elevation. Much of the region is mountainous, dominated
by volcanoes and tablelands. The main topographic
features of the region are Mayon Volcano and Mt. Isarog,
the summits of which are 2460 m and 1966 m above sea
levels, respectively (Encyclopedia Brittanica 2010).
The region has not been spared from massive habitat
destruction and forest fragmentation. Most of its low-
Corresponding Author: verlinis@yahoo.comjajdjfd
and are characterized by a mosaic of rice fields, coffee,
Manila hemp and coconut plantations, pastures and
areas planted with a variety of crops surrounding houses.
Towards moderate to high areas however, remaining forest
fragments persist which include mostly old secondary
lowland mixed dipterocarp forest and the lower and upper
montane forests that still support remarkable biodiversity,
including a rich bryophyte flora, such as mosses and
hepatics. Nevertheless, given poor implementation of
conservation interventions, these forest fragments in the
region remain under threat.
Interestingly, the earliest known bryophyte collection from
the region was a liverwort taken by Prof. C. Presl from a
leaf of a tree specimen collected from the southern end of

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Philippine Journal of Science
Vol. 142: Special Issue
Figure 1. Bicol Peninsula, together with Catanduanes Island, lies in the southeastern part of Luzon
Island in the Philippines between 11° 30’ and 14° 20’ N and 122° 20’ and 124° 30’ E.
the Bicol Peninsula (Sorsogon Province) which Lehman
and Lindenberg described in 1833 as Jungermannia
floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. (= Cololejeunea
floccosa; see Tan and Engel 1986) (Tan and Iwatsuki
1991). It was only at the start of 20th century during the
period of American occupation that mosses were first
widely collected from this peninsula. V. F. Brotherus, in
two of his series of publications (1918, 1926), for instance,
reported several species of mosses from Catanduanes
Island and several locations in Bicol Peninsula, collected
mainly by M. Ramos. Later, E. B. Bartram (1939)
described about 58 species of mosses in 38 genera and
22 families occurring in the region. In 1991, Tan and
Iwatsuki published a new checklist of Philippine moss
records increasing the number of moss taxa occurring in
the region to 116 species in 54 genera and 25 families.
120
Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
Stratigraphy, Geology and Climate
Geologists divided Bicol Peninsula and its outlying islands
into two stratigraphic groupings, namely the Ancient
Southeastern Luzon Arc and Recent Southeastern Luzon
Arc (PHILVOCS 1988). The ancient arc consists mainly
of non-volcanic material, such as ophiolitic complexes
and metamorphosed rocks which are very much varied
in composition. Considered post Jurassic (BMG 1982),
the age of most of the old rocks in this arc is relatively
poorly known, though some authors reported the presence
of metamorphosed rocks of Eocene age in the area (Geary
et al. 1988; David 1994). In addition, the origin of these
rocks is still the subject of controversy with regards to
the mechanism of their emplacement. However, Aurelio
(1996) in his review of Dewey’s 1976 ophiolite formation
included the processes of accretion, obduction and
jamming in collision areas as possible causes.
Philippine Journal of Science Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Vol. 142: Special Issue Bicol Peninsula in Luzon

The recent arc, on the other hand, includes the Bicol
Volcanic Arc Complex consisting of active and inactive
volcanoes and volcanic centers that are disposed along
a northwest trending belt in the Bicol Peninsula (BMG
1982). These volcanoes and volcanic centers are formed
from the outpouring of lavas and other volcanic ejecta
that were produced as a result of partial melting of the
subducting slab of the Philippine Sea Plate along the
Philippine Trench east of the peninsula. Volcanism in the
arc could have commenced in the early Pliocene (MGB
2004) and continues to the present time.
The climate in Bicol Peninsula and adjoining islands
belong to second and fourth types (Bicol Peninsula 2010).
The second type, which prevails in Catanduanes Island
and along the northeast, east and southern portions of
Bicol Peninsula, is characterized by a very pronounced
maximum rainfall (November-January) and has no dry
season. The fourth type where seasons are not very
pronounced is prevalent along the western side of Bicol
Peninsula. This climate type is relatively dry from
November to April and wet during the rest of the year.
On the average, the region receives an annual rainfall of
3,013 mm with a normal average year-round temperature
of 27.4°C to 29.6°C.
Published information dealing with Philippines mosses
(Tan 1996, Tan & Mandia 2001, Linis 2009, Linis 2004),
South East Asian mosses including Philippine specimens
(See Akiyama & Suleiman 2001, Arts 2001, Eddy 1988,
1990, 1996, Ellis & Tan 1999, Enroth 1994, Hofmann
1998, Li 1985, Tan & Jia 1999, Tan and Robinson 1990,
Yamaguchi 1993, Touw 2001), as well as the unpublished
data from 2004 to 2010, were used by the author to
assign each species recorded from Bicol Peninsula and
Catanduanes Island to a specific distribution pattern within
the Philippines (see Table 2). This updated information
was used to compare and analyze the floristic affinity of
mosses found in the Bicol Biogeographic Region with
neighbouring biogeographic regions (Merill 1947, Tan
1996) in the Philippines. Kroeber’s index (% K = C
(A+B) / AB x 100, where A = number of taxa in the first
area, B = number of taxa in the second area, C = number
of shared taxa) is used for computing the percentage of
similarity between pairs of areas, both at the generic and
species levels.
Discussion

The diversity of mosses of Bicol Peninsula

Methodology
Between 2004 and 2010, the author carried out several
expeditions to Bicol Peninsula and Catanduanes Island to
update information on the region’s moss diversity. During
these expeditions, a substantial number of mosses was
collected from different localities (Table 1) which resulted
in the discovery of some species not yet reported in the
region. Voucher specimens of the collections made by the
author are deposited at the Philippine National Herbarium
(PNH) in Manila.
Only a handful scattered past publications included a brief
mention of mosses from the Bicol peninsula (Bartram
1939, Tan & Iwatsuki 1991). Also, many of the early
collections made in the peninsula came mainly from
Mt. Bulusan, Mt. Mayon and Mt. Isarog. Many areas
in the peninsula have received little or no bryological
investigation so far. However, with new collections made
in recent years, the author has been able to increase the
total number of mosses known from Bicol from 116
species in 54 genera (Tan & Iwatsuki 1991) to 292 species
in 124 genera (See Appendix A for the updated list of Bicol
Peninsula mosses).

Table 1. List of collection localities in Bicol peninsula and Catanduanes Island.

Locality No. Description
1 Mixed agricultural and grassland near Brgy. Potot, Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 276 – 387 ft; 14°12’ N, 122° 24’ E.
2 In secondary lowland forest along slope facing east of Mt. Cadig, Brgy. Tangkawayan, Quezon; alt. 685 – 1437 ft; 14°10’ N,
122° 25’ E.
3 Mixed agricultural land alongside road at Brgy. Malankaw, Bansid, Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 537 ft.; 14°11’ N, 122° 39’ E.

4 In secondary lowland forest on slope facing west of Mt. Bacacay, Camarines Norte; alt. 750 - 1360 ft; 14°13’ N, 122° 48’ E.

5 Along edge of mangrove thicket near shoreline in Brgy. Aguit-it, Vinzon, Camarines Norte; alt. 2 m; 14°15’ N, 122° 53’ E.

6 Within mixed residual lowland forest and agricultural land in So. Kalantiaw, Brgy. Tulay na Lupa, Labo, Camarines Norte; alt.
650 – 1000 ft; 14°3’ N, 122° 47’ E.
7 In mixed residual lowland forest and agricultural land near Del Gallego, Quezon; alt. 105 m; 13°54’ N, 122° 39’ E.

8 In Lowland to montane forests along north facing slope of Mt. Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 2270 – 3720 ft; 14°1’ N, 122° 47’ E.
Table 1 continues next page

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Philippine Journal of Science Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Vol. 142: Special Issue Bicol Peninsula in Luzon

9 Alongside secondary riverine lowland forest close to a creek in Brgy. Lugui, Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 270 – 360 ft; 14°6’ N,
122° 49’ E.
10 In secondary lowland forest northeast of Brgy. Lalawigan, Mercedes, Camarines Norte; alt. 156 m.; 13° 57’ N, 123° 3’ E.

11 Within mixed agricultural land and human settlement area near Lupi, Camarines Sur; alt. 90 m; 13° 48’ N, 122° 53’ E.

12 Scattered trees near shoreline in Pasacao, Camarines Sur; alt. 4 m; 13° 34’ N, 123° 4’ E

13 In man-made park within human settlement area of Naga City, Camarines Sur; alt. 40 ft; 13° 38’ N, 123° 15’ E.

14 On boulders along residual riverine lowland forest in Brgy. Olag Pequeno, Tinambac, Camarines Sur; alt. 69 m; 13° 49’ N, 123° 21’ E.

15 Mixed agricultural land in Brgy. Bataan, Tamban, Camarines Sur; alt. 85 m; 13° 52’ N, 123° 23’ E.

16 Open man-made park in Tamban, Camarines Sur; alt. 155 m; 14°55’ N, 128° 24’ E.

17 In thickets near agricultural land in Brgy. Himagtuhan, Lagonoy, Camarines Sur; alt. 18 m; 13° 46’ N, 123° 30’ E.

18 In lowland forest to mossy forest along south-facing slope of Mt. Isarog, Camarines Sur; alt. 290 – 1982 m; 13°38’ N, 123° 23’ E.

19 In ultra-basic lowland to montane forests of Mt. Potianay, Saddleback Mountain Range, Camarines Sur; alt. 128 – 500 m; 13°47’
N, 123° 29’ E.
20 In scattered trees along shoreline of Brgy. Sabang, San Jose, Camarines Sur; alt. 5 m; 13° 13’ N, 123° 35’ E.

21 Residual beach forest to secondary lowland forest near Presentacion, Camarines Sur; alt. 30 – 250 m; 13° 43’ N, 123° 42’ E.

22 Within secondary karst lowland forest near Caramon, Camarines Sur; alt. 110 – 170 m; 13° 49’ N, 123° 49’ E.

23 Residual lowland forest alongside road to Guijalo, Camarines Sur; alt. 120 m; 13°45’ N, 123° 52’ E.

24 Secondary lowland forest on south-facing slope of Mt. Iriga, Camarines Sur; 240 m; 13° 27’ N, 123° 29’ E.

25 On rocks and trees along shoreline of Lake Buhi, Camarines Sur; 90 m; 13° 26’ N, 123° 31’ E.

26 Residual karst forests and mixed agricultural land near Balatan, Camarines Sur; 18 – 111 m; 13° 17’ N, 123° 14’ E.

27 In secondary lowland forest along eastern slope of Mt. Malinao near Tiwi, Albay; alt. 22 m; 13° 28’ N, 123° 39’ E.

28 In mixed agricultural, secondary lowland and montane forests of Mt. Masaraga, Ligao, Albay; alt. 411 m; 13°17’ N, 123° 35’ E.

29 In mixed agricultural land and grassland area near Talisay, Duran, Albay; alt. 250 m; 13°7’ N, 123° 22’ E.

30 Secondary montane forests along north-facing slope of Mayon Volcano; alt. 359 – 1372 m; 13°17’ N, 123° 40’ E.

31 Tree-lined park within Bicol State University, Daraga, Albay; alt. 28 m; 13° 9’ N, 123° 43’ E.

32 In agricultural land near human settlement of Brgy. Santa Fe, Pilar, Sorsogon; alt. 10 m; 12° 55’ N, 123° 37’ E.

33 On limestones and trees of residual karst lowland forest in Brgy. Abas, Pilar, Sorsogon; alt. 27 m; 12° 37’ N, 123° 40’ E.

34 Open agricultural area with scattered trees in Brgy. San Vicente, Magallanes, Sorsogon; alt. 350 ft; 12° 58’ N, 123° 49’ E.

35 In secondary montane forest of Mt. Tanawon, Brgy. Rizal, Sorsogon; alt. 672 m; 13° 1’ N, 120° 35’ E.

36 Within secondary lowland to montane forests of Bulusan Volcano, Sorsogon; alt. 539 – 1220 m; 12 ° 42’ N, 124° 2’ E.

37 Mixed agricultural land in Bulan, Sorsogon; alt. 7 m; 12°40’ N, 123° 53’ E.

38 In secondary lowland forest surrounding Bulusan Lake in Brgy. San Roque, Bulusan, Sorsogon; alt. 183 – 300 m; 12° 44’ N, 124° 5’ E.

39 On rock cliff along residual beach forest near Bulusan town, Sorsogon; alt. 3 m; 12° 47’ N, 124° 7’ E.

40 Secondary lowland forest in Brgy. Tagas, Matnog, Sorsogon; alt. 72 m; 12° 42’ N, 124° 2’ E.

41 On old walls alongside road in Matnog, Sorsogon; alt. 2 m; 13° 35’ N, 124° 5’ E.

42 In planted trees near church, Viga, Catanduanes; alt. 11 m; 13° 34’ N, 124° 13’ E.

43 Secondary lowland forest near Brgy. Bislig, San Andres, Catanduanes; alt. 245 m; 13° 39’ N, 124° 5’ E.

44 In mixed agricultural land near Brgy. Obo, San Miguel, Catanduanes; alt. 7 m; 13° 40’ N, 124° 19’ E.

45 In secondary lowland forest of Mt. Buntahya, San Miguel, Catanduanes; alt. 183 m; 13°41’ N, 124° 20’ E.

46 Secondary lowland forests adjacent to a waterfall in Mt. Summit, Viga, Catanduanes; alt. 311 m; 13° 47’ N, 124° 20’ E.

47 In mixed agricultural land near Brgy. Tambognan, Viga, Catanduanes; alt. 3 – 107 m; 13° 54’ N, 124° 22’ E.

48 On trees and rocks in woody thickets along shoreline near Brgy. Teresa, Bagamanoc, Catanduanes; alt. 2 – 9 m; 13° 57’ N, 124° 17’ E.

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Philippine Journal of Science
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From these new collections, five species, Calymperes
couguiense Besch., Leptotrichella sumatrana (Dixon)
Ochyra, Papillidiopsis macrosticta (Broth. & Paris)
W. R. Buck & B. C. Tan, Physcomitrium sphaericum
(C. F. Ludw.) Fürnr., and Sematophyllum phoeniceum
(Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch., prove to be new records for
the Philippine moss flora. In addition, one species,
Acroporium convolutum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M.
Fleisch., previously reported for the Philippines without
specific locality in the literature, is reported here for the
first time with a voucher specimen.
Also worth mentioning are the 176 new records for the
peninsula. Among these new records are Acroporium
rufum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch., Aequatoriella
bifaria (Bosch & Sande Lac.) Touw, Brachymenium exile
(Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Daltonia angustifolia Dozy
& Molk., Daltonia armata E. B. Bartram, Herpetineuron
toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Card., Macromitrium longicaule C.
Müll. Microcampylopus khasianus (Griffiths) Giese & J.-
P. Frahm, Pilotrichopsis dentata (Mitt.) Besch., Pinnatella
foureana Thér. & P. de la Varde, Rhodobryum giganteum
(Schwaegr.) Par., Symphysodontella attenuatula Fleisch.
and Touwia negrosense (E. B. Bartram) S. Olsson, Enroth
& D. Quandt. Earlier records of these taxa in the country
have been from some other areas in Luzon, some islands
in the Visayas and Mindanao. Therefore, their findings
in Bicol Peninsula have extended their ranges within the
country.
Relatively speaking, the diversity of mosses is greater
towards the eastern coasts of Bicol Peninsula. One possible
explanation for this difference is that the dense evergreen
forests found along the east coasts are generally wetter
compared to the mainly dry, semi-deciduous forests that
thrive over karst limestones facing the west. Interestingly,
the local forests on basic to ultrabasic substrates in
Saddleback Mountain Range near Caramoan found on
the east side of the peninsula, especially on elevations
above 500 msl, harbor some uncommon moss taxa, such
as Myurium pseudorufescens (Hampe) Maschke, which
the author did not find in other areas of the peninsula. The
author also noted that three Philippine moss taxa, namely:
Phyllodon lingulatus (Cardot) W. R. Buck, Aerobryopsis
leptosigmata (Müll. Hal. ex Broth. & Geh.) M.Fleisch.,
and Calyptothecium squarrosulum Nog. & B.C. Tan are
restricted to Bicol peninsula. Finally, the moss taxa in
Bicol peninsula are most numerous at mid-elevations at
the transition zones between lower and upper montane
forests. At lower elevations, moss diversity is greater in
riverine forests compared to inland forests.
The diversity of mosses of Catanduanes Island
Mosses of Catanduanes Island, compared to Bicol
Peninsula, are less known (Bartram 1939, Tan &
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Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
Iwatsuki 1991). Until recently, the island has only scanty
moss collections, in spite of the fact that majority of its
forests are disappearing at present, and has become a
fertile hunting ground for ornamental plants and mineral
explorations.
From the new collections, the author has increased the
total number of mosses known from Catanduanes Island
from 47 species in 36 genera (Tan & Iwatsuki 1991) to
107 species in 68 genera (See Appendix B for updated
list of Catanduanes Island mosses). Noteworthy to
mention are 80 moss species representing new records for
the islands, such as Caduciella mariei (Besch.) Enroth,
Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr., Macromitrium
fasciculare Mitt., Pogonatum philippinense (Broth.)
Touw, Syrrhopodon croceus Mitt. and Taiwanobryum
mucronatum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. Olsson, Enroth &
D. Quandt. The finding of C. mariei is interesting as this
represent significant extensions of their range considering
that this species is known until today, from two localities,
Mt. Makiling in Luzon and Palawan Island.
In brief, the moss diversity in Catanduanes Island is
highest along its forested slope above 500 msl. Below
this elevation the number of moss species decreases
quickly resulting from deforestation and development of
cultivated areas.
Floristic affinity of Bicol moss flora
Updated information about the richness of moss taxa
found in various biogeographic regions in the Philippines
under comparison is shown in Table 2. In counting of
the number of moss taxa per region, the author adopted
a conservative approach in accepting moss species, so as
not to exaggerate the resulting floristic affinity.
The present biogeographic regions under comparison
follow the system proposed by Merrill (1947). Therefore,
certain recently proposed biogeographic regions, such
Table 2. Updated summary of moss taxa reported from various
biogeographic regions of Luzon Islands including Mindoro
and Palawan Islands.
Biogeographic Region Genera Species
Ilocos Region 57 83
Cordillera Region 190 421
Central Luzon Region 103 186
Sierra Madre Region 97 190
Zambales 128 265
Southern Luzon Region 135 304
Bicol Region 124 292
Mindoro 132 282
Palawan 98 214
Philippine Journal of Science Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Vol. 142: Special Issue Bicol Peninsula in Luzon

as Greater Luzon Biogeographic Region resulting in
the lumping of several distinct phytogeographical areas
(Ong, Afuang & Rosell-Ambal 2002), was not adopted
in this paper.
The size of the moss flora of Bicol Region with 292
species in 124 genera is comparable to that of Southern
Luzon with 304 species in 135 genera, Mindoro with 282
species in 132 genera and Zambales with 265 species in
128 genera (Table 2). Being an upland with humid climate,
Cordillera Region remained the most bryologically rich
among the biogeographic regions under comparison
with 421 species in 190 genera, while Palawan with 214
species in 98 genera came sixth. The poorly studied Sierra
Madre Region has 190 species in 97 genera, which is
closely followed by Central Luzon, after its Mt. Arayat
had been surveyed (Linis & Tan 2013, in preparation).
The Central Luzon Region now has 186 species in 103
genera. Ilocos Region, the least known region, as far as
mosses are concerned, has only 83 species in 57 genera.
As shown, there is urgency for more plant collections in
Sierra Madre Region and Ilocos Region.
The number of shared and unshared taxa found in Bicol
and its neighbouring regions in the country, both at the
generic and species levels, is shown in Table 3. Under the
column of unshared moss taxa, the numerator indicates
the number of taxa present in the area under comparison,
while the denominator indicates the taxa present in Bicol.
The author used Kroeber’s % of similarity formula for
computing the required value of similarity in percentage.
Table 3 shows that the moss flora of Bicol Region is most
closely related to that of Zambales (67.66%) and Mindoro
(66.57%) than to Southern Luzon Region (63.45%) and
Sierra Madre Region (60.81%), at the species levels,
despite the closer geographic distances of the latter two
regions to the Bicol Region. Perhaps an explanation for
this unlikely floristic similarity is that both Zambales
and Mindoro has been better bryologically investigated
in recent years which resulted in the increase of the
number of their shared moss taxa (Linis & Tan 2013,
in preparation, Linis 2009). This will likely to change,
however, when the moss floras of both Southern Luzon
Region and Sierra Madre Region are thoroughly explored.
The above reason may explain also the relatively high
floristic similarity of Palawan moss flora to that of
Bicol (60.33%). Unique to Palawan are handful of xeric
or drought-resistant moss taxa not found in Luzon or
anywhere else in the Philippine archipelago. Examples of
these taxa are Clastrobryum asperrimum (Dix.) B.C. Tan
and Horikawaea redfearnii B. C. Tan & P.-J. Lin.
On the other hand, Central Luzon Region harbours a
moderately rich lowland moss flora when compared to
Bicol Region. Most of the moss taxa found in Bicol but
not reported in Central Luzon are those found in areas
above 1500 masl.
Cordillera, the best bryologically known region in Luzon,
has a high number of unshared moss taxa with that of the
Bicol Region. These taxa are mainly the high altitude
species found well above 2500 masl belonging to the

Table 3. Summary of shared and unshared taxa, both at the generic and species levels, found in Bicol and neighbouring areas.
Ilocos Cordillera Central Zambales Southern Sierra Mindoro Palawan
Region Luzon Luzon Madre
190 genera 103 genera 128 genera 135 genera 132 genera 98 genera
57 genera 421 species 186 species 265 species 304 species 97 genera 282 species 214 species
83 species 190 species
Shared un- shared un- shared un- shared Un- shared un- shared Un- shared Un- Shared unshared
shared shared shared shared shared shared shared
Bicol
Region

124 genera 49 8/ 75 105 85/ 19 83 20/ 41 103 25/ 21 97 38/ 27 85 12/ 39 101 31/ 23 85 13/ 39

Kroeber’s % 62.74 69.97 73.76 81.77 75.04 78.09 78.98 77.64

of similarity

292 species 68 15/ 180 241/ 128 58/ 164 188 77/ 189 115/ 140 50/ 191 91/ 149 65/ 143
224 112 104 103 152 101
Kroeber’s % 52.61 52.20 56.33 67.66 63.45 60.81 66.57 60.33
of similarity

Kroeber’s % of similarity = C (A+B) / AB x 100

A = the number of taxa present in the first area under comparison
B = the number of taxa present in the second area under comparison
C = the number of common taxa in both A and B areas

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Vol. 142: Special Issue
widespread continental Asiatic and Himalayan genera, like
Ceratodon, Grimmia, Isothecium, Dendrocyathophorum,
Racomitrium, Leiomela, Fabronia, Merrilliobryum,
Atrichum and Oligotrichum. These are also the handful of
genera and species of mosses from the North Temperate
Zone that have successfully invaded the northern
Philippine mountains but failed to reach the Bicol Region
and the rest of the archipelago further to the south.
Coming least in terms of Kroeber’s % of similarity with
the moss flora of the Bicol Region is Ilocos Region.
The region appears to be the most dissimilar in its moss
diversity and affinity in relation to the moss flora of
Bicol. However, since a large part of the Ilocos Region
are under-explored bryologically, the overall picture of
its floristic similarity with the Bicol Region remains
inconclusive at present.
Floristic affinity of Catanduanes moss flora
In terms of geographical distance, Catanduanes is
closest to Luzon than the rest of the larger islands of the
archipelago. Therefore, it is of phytogeographical interest
to compare the moss floras of Catanduanes with Luzon
together with other neighbouring islands in Philippines
and test if dissimilarities in geographical distances play a
role in terms of relations with floristic affinities.
The updated moss flora of Catanduanes with 107 species
in 68 genera is shown in Appendix B. In Table 4,
Catanduanes moss flora is compared with the moss floras
of three most bryologically known Philippine islands:
Luzon, Mindoro and Palawan. Catanduanes is found to
be most related to Luzon with 100% of its moss taxa being
shared with this large island. Mindoro is second, while
Palawan came least in species similarity in relation to the
known moss flora of Catanduanes.
Generally speaking, the shared moss taxa among the
four island groups under comparison are the widespread
mosses found across the lowland rainforests in the country.
Since most of the upland areas in Catanduanes are below
800 msl in altitude, it is not surprising that most unshared
moss taxa of the flora of Catanduanes with that of Luzon,
Table 4. Summary of shared and unshared moss taxa at species levels, found in Catanduanes, Luzon,
Mindoro and Palawan. Kroeber’s % of similarity is used for computing the required similarity in
percent.
Luzon
634 species
Shared
Catanduanes
107 species 107
Kroeber’s % of similarity 58.44
Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
Mindoro and Palawan, for instance, are the species found
in habitats above 1000 msl. Other unshared moss taxa
with that of the Catanduanes flora are the specialist
species, such as those confined to the basic and ultra-basic
forests in northern Zambales Range of Luzon Island, and
the xeric moss taxa adapted to the semi-dry and seasonally
deciduous type of rainforests in Palawan.
Conclusion
Based on the information presented, the Bicol moss flora
demonstrates a close affinity to that of Zambales and
Mindoro. Nevertheless, this floristic picture is unlikely to
be true and it will change as more areas in Southern Luzon
Region and Sierra Madre Region are thoroughly explored.
Future exploration to poor bryologically investigated
areas such as the Ilocos Region will also influence this
overall picture.
Acknowledgements
The author is most grateful to the National Museum of
the Philippines for the financial assistance granted during
his bryological expeditions conducted in the Bicol Region
and the Catanduanes Island. Secondly, the author would
like to thank the Biology Department of the University of
the Philippines-Manila for lending their laboratories and
equipment. Lastly, the author wishes to thank Dr. Benito C.
Tan at the National University of Singapore for confirming
the identifications of some difficult specimens as well as
for reading and editing the draft manuscript.
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527/ 0 91 192/ 16 76 137/ 31
58.60 53.35
125
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Appendix A
Checklist of Bicol peninsula mosses and their distribu-
tion in the Philippines.
* Additional new records for the peninsula; **
New Philippine record (Voucher
specimens of these new records are deposited in
the Philippine National Herbarium).
Acanthorrhynchium papillatum (Harv.) M. Fleisch. -
widespread
Acroporium aciphyllum Dixon - Luzon
Acroporium convolutum (Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch. –
Northern Luzon (Cordilleran)
Acroporium diminutum (Brid.) M. Fleisch. - widespread
Acroporium hermaphroditum (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. –
Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
Acroporium lamprophyllum Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro &
some islands in the Visayas
*Acroporium rufum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch. -
widespread
Acroporium secundum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch.
- Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western
Mindanao
Acroporium sigmatodontium (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. -
Luzon, Mindoro & Panay
Acroporium stramineum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M.
Fleisch. - widespread
Acroporium strepsiphyllum (Mont.) B. C. Tan var.
strepsiphyllum – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
*Aequatoriella bifaria (Bosch. & Sande Lac.) Touw –
Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Aerobryidium filamentosum (Hook.) M. Fleisch. –
Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
Aerobryopsis crispifolia (Broth. & Geh.) M. Menzel -
Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan
Aerobryopsis leptosigmata (Müll. Hal. ex Broth. &
127
Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
Geh.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon (Bicol)
Aerobryopsis subdivergens subsp. scariosa (E. B. Bar-
tram) Nog. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao­
Aerobryopsis wallichii (Brid.) M. Fleisch. - widespread
*Arthrocormus schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy &
Molk. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
*Barbella flagellifera (Cardot) Nog. - Luzon
*Barbula arcuata Müll. Hal. - Luzon
*Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaeger -
Luzon & Mindoro
Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. - widespread
Barbula javanica Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & Mindanao
Barbula pseudoehrenbergii M. Fleisch. -
*Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande
Lac. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas
Brachymenium nepalense Hook. - widespread
*Brachythecium buchananii (Hook.) A. Jaeger – Luzon
& Mindoro
Braunfelsia dicranoides (Dozy & Molk.) Broth.- Lu-
zon, Mindoro & Mindanao
*Braunfelsia enervis (Dozy & Molk.) Paris – Luzon
*Breutelia arundinifolia (Duby) M. Fleisch. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr. – Luzon, Mindoro &
Mindanao
*Bryum capillare Hedw. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan
*Bryum cellulare Hook. - Luzon & some islands in the
Visayas
*Bryum clavatum (Schimp.) Müll. Hal. - Luzon &
Mindoro
Bryum coronatum Schwaegr. - widespread
Callicostella papillata (Mont.) Mitt. - widespread
Callicostella prabaktiana (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande
Lac. - Luzon & Mindanao
*Calymperes afzelii Sw. – Luzon & Palawan
*Calymperes boulayi Besch. – Luzon, Mindoro &
Mindanao
**Calymperes cougiense Besch. – new Philippine
record
*Calymperes fasciculatum Dozy & Molk. – Luzon &
some islands in the Visayas
Calymperes graeffeanum Müll. Hal. - widespread
*Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr. - Luzon &
Palawan
*Calymperes mollucense Schwaegr. - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Calymperes motleyi Mitt. - Palawan & Sulu archi-
pelago
*Calymperes porrectum Mitt. - Mindoro & Mindanao
*Calymperes schmidtii Broth. - Palawan & Sulu archi-
pelago
Calymperes tahitense (Sull.) Mitt. - widespread
Calymperes tenerum Müll. Hal. - widespread
Calyptothecium squarrosulum Nog. & B. C. Tan - Lu-
zon (Bicol)
Philippine Journal of Science
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Calyptothecium urvilleanum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. - wide-
spread
*Calyptrochaeta remotifolia (Müll. Hal.) Z. Iwats., B.
C. Tan & Touw – Luzon, Mindoro &
Mindanao
Campylopodium medium (Duby) Giese & J. -P. Frahm -
Luzon & Mindoro
*Campylopus aureus Bosch & Sande Lac. - Luzon
Campylopus comosus (Schwaegr.) Bosch & Sande Lac.
– Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
*Campylopus exasperatus (Nees & Blume) Brid. – Lu-
zon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Campylopus laxitextus Sande Lac. – Luzon, Mindoro
& some islands in the Visayas
Campylopus umbellatus (Schwaegr. & Gaudich. ex
Arn.) Paris - widespread
*Chaetomitrium orthorrhynchum (Dozy & Molk.)
Bosch & Sande Lac. – Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan
& Western Mindanao
*Chaetomitrium papillifolium Bosch. & Sande Lac.-
Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
*Chaetomitrium perarmatum Broth. - Luzon
*Chaetomitrium weberi Broth. - Western Mindanao &
Sulu archipelago
*Chameleion peguense (Besch.) L. T. Ellis & A. Eddy
- Luzon
*Chionoloma angustata (Mitt.) M. Menzel – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao Jaeger - widespread
*Chrysocladium flammeum (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. - North-
ern Luzon (Cordilleran)
*Circulifolium exiguum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. Ols-
son, Enroth & D. Quandt – Luzon, Mindoro &
Mindanao
Cladopodanthus muticus Broth. - Luzon & Mindanao
*Cladopodanthus speciosus (Dozy & Molk.) M.
Fleisch. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas
Claopodium prionophyllum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. - wide-
spread
*Clastrobryophilum bogoricum (Besch. & Sande Lac.)
M. Fleisch. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan
*Clastrobryum caudatum M. Fleisch. - Luzon & Mind-
oro widespread
*Clastrobryum epiphyllum (Renauld & Cardot) B.C.
Tan & Touw - Luzon & Palawan
*Clastrobryum indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
- Luzon
*Cryptopapillaria fuscescens (Hook.) M. Menzel – Lu-
zon, Mindoro & Mindanao
*Ctenidium luzonense Broth. - Luzon & Mindanao
Cyclodictyon blumeanum (Müll. Hal.) Kuntze - wide-
spread
*Daltonia angustifolia Dozy & Molk. – Luzon, Mind-
oro & Mindanao
*Daltonia armata E. B. Bartram - Mindoro & Mindanao
*Dicranella coarctata (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac.
128
Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
- Luzon & some islands in the Visayas
Dicranoloma assimile (Hampe) Paris – Luzon, Mindoro
& Mindanao
Dicranoloma blumii (Nees) Paris - widespread
*Dicranoloma braunii (Müll. Hal.) Paris - widespread
Dicranoloma brevisetum (Dozy & Molk.) Paris – Lu-
zon, Mindoro & Mindanao
Dicranoloma reflexum (Müll. Hal.) Renauld - Luzon &
some islands in the Visayas
*Diphyscium longifolium Griff. - Luzon & some islands
in the Visayas
Distichophyllum cuspidatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy &
Molk. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
Distichophyllum mittenii Bosch & Sande Lac. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
*Distichophyllum nigricaule var. cirratum (Renauld &
Cardot) M. Fleisch. - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Distichophyllum osterwaldii M. Fleisch. – Luzon,
Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Distichophyllum subnigricaule Broth.- Luzon &
Mindanao
Ectropotheciella distichophylla (Hampe ex Dozy &
Molk.) M. Fleisch. - widespread
Ectropothecium buitenzorgii (Bél.) Mitt. - wide-
spread
Ectropothecium dealbatum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) A.
Ectropothecium elegant-pinnatum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jae-
ger - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western
Mindanao
*Ectropothecium falciforme (Dozy & Molk.) A. Jaeger
– Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
*Ectropothecium ferrugineum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger -
Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western
Mindanao
Ectropothecium ichnotocladum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger
- Luzon
*Ectropothecium luzoniae (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger – Lu-
zon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
Ectropothecium monumentorum (Duby) A. Jaeger -
*Ectropothecium perminutum Broth. ex E. B. Bartram -
Luzon & Mindoro
*Ectropothecium zollingeri (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger -
Luzon & Palawan
*Enthostodon buseanus Dozy & Molk. - Luzon
Entodon plicatus Müll. Hal. - widespread
*Entodon rubicundus (Mitt.) A. Jaeger - Luzon &
Mindoro
*Entodontopsis anceps (Bosch. & Sande Lac.) W. R.
Buck & Ireland - Luzon & Mindoro
Erythrodontium julaceum (Hook. ex Schwaegr.) Paris -
widespread
*Eurhynchium vagans (A. Jaeger) E. B. Bartram – Lu-
Philippine Journal of Science
Vol. 142: Special Issue
zon, Mindoro and some islands in the Visayas
Exostratum blumei (Nees ex Hampe) L. T. Ellis - Luzon
& Mindanao
*Fissidens areolatus Griff. – Northern Luzon (Cordil-
leran)
*Fissidens braunii (Müll. Hal.) Dozy & Molk. – Luzon
& Mindanao
*Fissidens crassinervis Sande Lac. - Luzon & Palawan
Fissidens crenulatus Mitt. var. elmeri (Broth.) Z. Iwats.
& Tad. Suzuki - widespread
Fissidens crispulus Brid. - widespread
*Fissidens geminiflorus Dozy & Molk. - Luzon &
Mindoro
*Fissidens hollianus Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & Palawan
*Fissidens maceratus Mitt. - Luzon & Palawan
Fissidens nobilis Griff. - widespread
*Fissidens zollingeri Mont. - Luzon, Mindoro & Pala-
wan
Floribundaria floribunda (Dozy & Molk.) M. Fleisch. -
widespread
Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. - widespread
*Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Margad. & Nork. - Luzon,
Mindoro & Palawan
*Garovaglia angustifolia Mitt. var. bogoriensis f. bo-
goriensis (M. Fleisch.) During – Luzon, Mindoro
& Mindanao
Garovaglia elegans (Dozy & Molk.) Hampe ex Bosch
& Sande Lac. - widespread
*Garovaglia plicata (Brid.) Bosch & Sande Lac. - Lu-
zon & Mindanao
*Glyphomitrium nymanianum M. Fleisch. - Luzon &
Mindoro
*Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. –
Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Cardot. - Lu-
zon & Mindoro
*Heterophyllium affine (Hook.) M. Fleisch. - Northern
Luzon (Cordilleran)
Homaliodendron flabellatum (Sm.) M. Fleisch. - wide-
spread
*Homalothecium laevisetum Sande Lac. – Luzon, Min-
doro & some islands in the Visayas
*Hookeria acutifolia Hook. & Grev. - Luzon & Mind-
anao
Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger - widespread
Hypnodendron dendroides (Brid.) Touw - widespread
Hypnodendron fuscomucronatum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger
& Sauerb. - widespread
Hypnodendron milnei Mitt. ssp. korthalsii (Bosch &
Sande Lac. ex Paris) Touw - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
Hypnodendron reinwardtii (Schwaegr.) Lindb. ex A.
Jaeger & Sauerb. ssp. caducifolium (Herzog)
Touw - widespread
Hypnodendron subspininervium (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger
129
Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
ssp. arborescens (Mitt.) Touw – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
*Hypnodendron vitiense Mitt. - Luzon & Mindanao
Isopterygium albescens (Hook.) A. Jaeger – Luzon,
Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Isopterygium bancanum (Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger -
widespread
*Isopterygium minutirameum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger -
Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan
*Leptotrichella brasiliensis (Duby) Ochyra – Luzon,
Mindoro
*Leptotrichella miqueliana (Mont.) Lindb. ex Broth. -
Luzon & Mindoro
*Leucobryum aduncum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon, Mind-
oro & Palawan
Leucobryum bowringii Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro & some
islands in the Visayas
*Leucobryum chlorophyllosum Müll. Hal. – Mindoro &
some islands in the Visayas
Leucobryum javense (Brid.) Mitt. – widespread
Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
Leucobryum sanctum (Nees & Schwaegr.) Hampe -
widespread
Leucobryum sericeum Broth. ex Geh. – Luzon & some
islands in the Visayas
*Leucoloma molle (Müll. Hal.) Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro
& Mindanao
*Leucoloma perviride Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro &
Palawan
*Leucophanes angustifolium Renauld & Cardot – Lu-
zon, Mindoro & Mindanao
Leucophanes candidum (Schwaegr.) Lindb. - wide-
spread
*Leucophanes glaucum (Schwaegr.) Mitt. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
*Leucophanes octoblepharioides Brid. – Luzon, Mind-
oro & Mindanao
*Lopidium struthiopteris (Brid.) M. Fleisch. - wide-
spread
Macromitrium angustifolium Dozy & Molk. - Luzon &
Mindoro
Macromitrium benguetense R. S. Williams - Luzon
*Macromitrium blumei Nees ex Schwaegr. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
Macromitrium cuspidatum Hampe – Luzon, Mindoro &
some islands in the Visayas
*Macromitrium falcatulum Müll. Hal. - Luzon, Mind-
oro, Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Macromitrium fasciculare Mitt. - Luzon & Mindoro
Macromitrium foxworthyi Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Macromitrium longicaule Müll. Hal. - Luzon & Min-
danao
*Macromitirum microstomum (Hook. & Grev.) Schwae-
Philippine Journal of Science
Vol. 142: Special Issue
gr. - Mindoro
Macromitrium orthostichum Nees ex Schwaegr. - Lu-
zon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao
Macromitrium salakanum Müll. Hal. - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
Macromitrium semipellucidum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon
& Mindanao
*Macromitrium subtile Schwaegr. - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Macrothamnium macrocarpum (Reinw. & Hornsch.)
M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands
in the Visayas
*Meiothecium attenuatum Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Meiothecium bogoriense M. Fleisch. - Mindanao
*Meiothecium hamatum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. – Luzon,
Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Meiothecium microcarpum (Harv.) Mitt. - Luzon,
Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao
Meteorium crispifolium Herzog - Luzon & Mindanao
Meteorium polytrichum Dozy & Molk. - widespread *Pelekium investe (Mitt.) Touw – Luzon, Mindoro &
*Meteorium subpolytrichum (Besch.) Broth. - Luzon,
Mindoro & Palawan *Pelekium synoicum (Touw) Touw – Luzon, Mindoro
*Microcampylopus khasianus (Griffiths) Giese & J.-P.
Frahm - Northern Luzon (Cordilleran)
**Microdus sumatranus (Dixon) A. Eddy ­- new Philip-
pine record
*Mitthyridium constrictum (Sull.) H. Rob. - Luzon &
Mindanao
*Mitthyridium fasciculatum (Hook. & Grev.) H. Rob. -
widespread *Philonotis tjibodensis (M. Fleisch.) Broth. - Luzon &
*Mitthyridium flavum ( Müll.Hal.) H. Rob. - widespread
*Mitthyridium jungquilianum (Mitt.) H. Rob. - Mind-
oro (Bicol)
*Mitthyridium papuanum (Broth.) H. Rob. - Luzon
*Mitthyridium subluteum ((Müll. Hal.) H. K. Nowak -
Endemic to one island only (Sibuyan)
*Mitthyridium undulatum (Broth. & Geh.) H. Rob. –
insufficient data
*Mitthyridium wallisii (Müll.Hal.) H. Rob. - wide-
spread
*Mniomalia semilimbata (Mitt.) Müll. Hal. - Luzon
Myurium pseudorufescens (Hampe) Maschke - Luzon
& Mindanao
*Neckeropsis andamana (Müll.Hal.) M. Fleisch. – Lu-
zon, Mindoro & Mindanao
Neckeropsis cyclophylla (Müll. Hal.) S. Olsson, Enroth
& D. Quandt - widespread
*Neckeropsis exserta (Hook. ex Schwaegr.) Broth. var.
scrobiculata (Nees) Touw – Luzon, Mindoro
& Mindanao
*Neckeropsis fimbriata (Harv.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon
*Neckeropsis gracilenta (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M.
Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
130
Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
Neckeropsis lepineana (Mont.) M. Fleisch. - wide-
spread
*Neckeropsis nanodisticha (Geh.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon
& Mindanao
*Neobarbella comes (Griff.) Nog. - Northern Luzon
(Cordilleran)
Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. - widespread
*Oedicladium fragile Cardot – Luzon, Mindoro & some
islands in the Visayas
*Orthomnium javense (M. Fleisch.) T. J. Kop. - Mind-
anao
*Orthomnium loheri Broth. - Luzon
*Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. & Tayl.) A. J. E. Sm. -
Luzon & Mindoro
*Palamocladium leskeoides (Hook.) E. Britton - Luzon
& Mindanao
**Papillidiopsis macrosticta (Broth. & Paris) W. R.
Buck & B. C. Tan – new Philippine record
*Pelekium gratum (P. Beauv.)Touw – Luzon, Mindoro
& Mindanao
Mindanao
& Mindanao
Pelekium velatum Mitt. - widespread
Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. – Luzon,
Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
Philonotis mollis (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. - Luzon
Philonotis nitida Mitt. - Luzon
*Philonotis secunda (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande
Lac. - Luzon & Mindanao
Mindanao
Phyllodon lingulatus (Cardot) W. R. Buck - Luzon
**Physcomitrium phaericum (C. F. Ludw.) Fürnr. - new
Philippine record
*Pilotrichopsis dentata (Mitt.) Besch. - Luzon & some
islands in the Visayas
*Pinnatella foreauana Thér.& P.de la Varde - Luzon
*Plagiomnium rhynchophorum (Harv.) T. J. Kop. – Lu-
zon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Plagiomnium succulentum (Mitt.) T. J. Kop. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
Pogonatum cirratum (Sw.) Brid. ssp. macrophyllum
(Dozy & Molk.) Hyvönen - widespread
Pogonatum microphyllum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy &
Molk. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas
Pogonatum neesii (Müll. Hal.) Dozy - widespread
Pogonatum philippinense (Broth.) Touw – Luzon, Min-
doro & Mindanao
Pogonatum piliferum (Dozy & Molk.) Touw – Luzon,
Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Pogonatum subtortile (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger - Luzon
& Mindoro
Philippine Journal of Science
Vol. 142: Special Issue
*Pohlia flexuosa Harv. - Luzon & some islands in the
Visayas
*Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. – Luzon, Mindoro &
some islands in the Visayas
*Pseudobarbella attenuata (Thwaites & Mitt.) Nog. -
Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western
Mindanao
Pseudoleskeopsis zippelii (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. -
Luzon
*Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum (Sull. & Lesq.) Z.
Iwats. – Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan
*Pterobryopsis crassicaulis (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. –
Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
Pyrrhobryum latifolium (Bosch & Sande Lac.) Mitt. -
Luzon & some islands in the Visayas
Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt. - widespread
*Racopilum cuspidigerum (Schwaegr.) Ångström – Lu-
zon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
Racopilum spectabile Reinw. & Hornsch. - widespread
Radulina hamata (Dozy & Molk.) W. R. Buck & B. C.
Tan - widespread
*Rhaphidostichum piliferum (Broth.) Broth. – Luzon &
Mindoro
*Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwaegr.) Paris – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
*Rhynchostegium celebicum (Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger –
Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
Schistomitrium apiculatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy &
Molk. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan
Schistomitrium mucronifolium (A. Braun) M. Fleisch. –
Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
**Sematophyllum phoeniceum (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch.
- new Philippine record
*Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E. Britton - insuf-
ficient data *Touwia elliptica (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. Olsson,
Sphagnum junghuhnianum Dozy & Molk. - widespread
Spiridens reinwardtii Nees - widespread
*Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. – Luzon,
Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Symphysodon neckeroides Dozy & Molk. - Luzon,
Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Symphysodontella attenuatula M. Fleisch. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
*Symphysodontella subulata Broth. - Luzon & Mindoro
Syrrhopodon albo-vaginatus Schwaegr. - widespread
*Syrrhopodon ciliatus (Hook.) Schwaegr. – Mindoro &
Mindanao
Syrrhopodon confertus Sande Lac. – Luzon, Mindoro &
some islands in the Visayas
*Syrrhopodon croceus Mitt. - widespread
*Syrrhopodon involutus Schwaegr. - widespread
*Syrrhopodon loreus (Sande Lac.) W. D. Reese - Luzon
& Mindanao
Syrrhopodon muelleri (Dozy & Molk.) Sande Lac. -
widespread
131
Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. -
*Syrrhopodon rufescens Hook. & Grev. - Luzon
*Syrrhopodon spiculosus Hook. & Grev. - Mindoro &
some islands in the Visayas
*Syrrhopodon trachyphyllus Mont. - Luzon
Syrrhopodon tristichus Nees ex Schwaegr. - widespread
*Taiwanobryum mucronatum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S.
Olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt – Mindoro,
Palawan & Sulu
*Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon
& some islands in the Visayas
*Taxithelium alare Broth. – Luzon, Mindoro & some
islands in the Visayas
*Taxithelium bakeri Broth. – Luzon, Mindoro & Min-
danao
*Taxithelium batanense E. B. Bartram - Luzon & Min-
doro
Taxithelium gottscheanum (Hampe ex Müll. Hal.)
Broth. - Luzon
Taxithelium instratum (Brid.) Broth. - widespread
*Taxithelium kerianum (Broth.) Broth. - Luzon, Mind-
oro, Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) Broth. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
Taxithelium robinsonii Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro, Pala-
wan & Western Mindanao
Taxithelium vernieri (Duby) Besch. - widespread
Thuidium cymbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
- widespread
Thuidium plumulosum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
- widespread
*Thuidium pristocalyx (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger var. sa-
moanum (Mitt.) Touw – Luzon, Mindoro &
Mindanao
Enroth & D. Quandt - Luzon
*Touwia negrosensis (E. B. Bartram) S. Olsson, Enroth
& D. Quandt - Luzon & Mindanao
Trachyloma indicum Mitt. - widespread
*Trachypus humilis Lindb. - Luzon & Mindanao
*Trachythecium micropyxis (Broth.) E. B. Bartram –
Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
Trachythecium verrucosum (A. Jaeger) M. Fleisch. -
widespread
Trematodon longicollis Michx. - Luzon & Mindoro
*Trichosteleum saproxylophilum (Müll. Hal.) B. C. Tan
- Luzon & Mindanao
*Trichosteleum stigmosum Mitt. - Mindoro
*Trismegistia calderensis (Sull.) Broth. – widespread
Trismegistia lancifolia (Harv.) Broth. - widespread
*Trismegistia panduriformis (C. H. Wright) Broth. -
Mindoro & Mindanao
Vesicularia dubyana (Müll. Hal.) Broth. - widespread
Vesicularia montagnei (Schimp.) Broth. - widespread
Vesicularia reticulata (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. - wide-
Philippine Journal of Science
Vol. 142: Special Issue
spread
*Warburgiella subleptorrhyncha (Broth. & Paris)
Broth. -
*Weissia controversa Hedw. - Luzon & Mindoro
*Weissia edentula Mitt. - Luzon & Mindoro
Appendix B
Checklist of Catanduanes Island mosses and their
distribution in the Philippines
* Additional new records for the island.
Acanthorrhynchium papillatum (Harv.) M. Fleisch. -
widespread
Acroporium diminutum (Brid.) M. Fleisch. - widespread
Acroporium stramineum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M.
Fleisch. - widespread
Acroporium strepsiphyllum (Mont.) B. C. Tan var.
strepsiphyllum – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao
*Aerobryidium crispifolium (Broth. & Geh.) Fleisch ex
Broth.
Aerobryopsis wallichii (Brid.) M. Fleisch. – widespread
*Arthrocormus schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy &
Molk. – widespread
Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. - widespread
Brachymenium nepalense Hook. - widespread
Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr. – Luzon, Mindoro &
Mindanao
Bryum coronatum Schwaegr. - widespread
*Caduciella mariei (Besch.) Enroth - Luzon & Palawan
Callicostella papillata (Mont.) Mitt. - widespread
*Calymperes afzelii Sw. - Luzon & Palawan
*Calymperes fasciculatum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon &
some islands in the Visayas
Calymperes graeffeanum Müll. Hal. - widespread
*Calymperes moluccense Schwaegr. - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
*Calymperes motleyi Mitt. - Palawan & Sulu
archipelago
Calymperes taitense (Sull.) Mitt. - widespread
Calymperes tenerum Müll. Hal. - widespread
Calyptothecium urvilleanum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. -
widespread
Campylopodium medium (Duby) Giese & J. -P. Frahm -
Luzon & Mindoro
Campylopus umbellatus (Schwaegr. & Gaudich. ex
Arn.) Paris - widespread
*Circulifolium exiguum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S.
Olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt – Luzon, Mindoro &
Mindanao
Claopodium prionophyllum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. -
widespread
*Clastrobryum caudatum M. Fleisch. – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao * Leptotrichella miqueliana (Mont.) Lindb. ex Broth. -
132
Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Bicol Peninsula in Luzon
*Clastrobryum indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
- Luzon
Cyclodictyon blumeanum ((Müll. Hal) Kuntze -
widespread
*Dicranella coarctata (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac.
- Luzon & some islands in the Visayas
Dicranoloma blumii (Nees) Paris – widespread
*Distichophyllum nigricaule var. cirratum (Ren. &
Card.) Fleisch. - Luzon
Ectropotheciella distichophylla (Hampe ex Dozy &
Molk.) M. Fleisch. - widespread
*Ectropothecium dealbatum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Jaeg.
*Ectropothecium falciforme (Dozy & Molk.) A. Jaeger
– Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao *Ectropothecium
luzoniae (C. Müll.) Jaeg.
Ectropothecium monumentorum (Duby) A. Jaeger -
widespread
*Entodon plicatus Müll. Hal. - widespread
Erythrodontium julaceum (Hook. ex Schwaegr.) Paris -
widespread
Exostratum blumei (Nees ex Hampe) L. T. Ellis - Luzon
& Mindanao
Fissidens crenulatus Mitt. var. elmeri (Broth.) Z. Iwats.
& Tad. Suzuki - widespread
Fissidens crispulus Brid. - widespread
*Fissidens geminiflorus Dozy & Molk. - Luzon &
Mindoro
Fissidens nobilis Griff. – widespread
*Fissidens zollingeri Mont.
Floribundaria floribunda (Dozy & Molk.) M. Fleisch. -
widespread
*Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Margad. & Nork. - Luzon,
Mindoro & Palawan
Garovaglia elegans (Dozy & Molk.) Hampe ex Bosch
& Sande Lac. - widespread
*Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. –
Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
*Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Card.
Homaliodendron flabellatum (Sm.) M. Fleisch. -
widespread
Hyophila involuta (Hook.) M. Jaeger - widespread
Hypnodendron milnei Mitt. ssp. korthalsii (Bosch &
Sande Lac. ex Paris) Touw - Luzon, Mindoro,
Palawan & Western Mindanao
Hypnodendron reinwardtii (Schwaegr.) Lindb. ex A.
Jaeger & Sauerb. ssp. caducifolium (Herzog)
Touw - widespread
Hypnodendron subspininervium (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger
ssp. arborescens (Mitt.) Touw – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
*Isopterygium albescens (Hook.) Jaeg.
*Isopterygium bancanum (Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger –
widespread
*Isopterygium minutirameum (C. Müll.) Jaeg.
Philippine Journal of Science Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of
Vol. 142: Special Issue Bicol Peninsula in Luzon

Luzon & Mindoro Palawan & Sulu

*Leucobryum aduncum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon, *Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon
Mindoro & Palawan & some islands in the Visayas
*Leucobryum bowringii Mitt. *Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) Broth. – Luzon,
Leucobryum javense (Brid.) Mitt. - widespread Mindoro & Mindanao
Leucobryum sanctum (Nees & Schwaegr.) Hampe - *Taxithelium vernieri (Duby) Besch.
widespread Thuidium cymbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
*Leucoloma molle (Müll. Hal.) Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro – widespread
& Mindanao *Thuidium plumulosum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
Leucophanes candidum (Schwaegr.) Lindb. - *Touwia elliptica (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. Olsson,
widespread Enroth & D. Quandt - Luzon
*Leucophanes glaucum (Schwaegr.) Mitt. – Luzon, Touwia negrosensis (E. B. Bartram) S. Olsson, Enroth
Mindoro & Mindanao & D. Quandt - Luzon & Mindanao
*Leucophanes octoblepharioides Brid.
*Macromitrium fasciculare Mitt. - Luzon & Mindoro Trachythecium verrucossum (A. Jaeger) M. Fleisch. -
Macromitrium semipellucidum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon widespread
& Mindanao Trematodon longicollis Michx. - Luzon & Mindoro
*Mitthyridium fasciculatum (Hook. & Grev.) H. Rob. - *Trichosteleum stigmosum Mitt.
widespread Trismegistia korthalsii (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. – Luzon,
Neckeropsis cyclophylla (Müll. Hal.)S. Olsson, Enroth Mindoro & Mindanao
& D. Quandt - widespread Trismegistia lancifolia (Harv.) Broth. - widespread
* Neckeropsis exserta (Hook. ex Schwaegr.) Broth. var. Vesicularia montagnei (Schimp.) Broth. - widespread
scrobiculata (Nees) Touw – Luzon, Mindoro Vesicularia reticulata (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. -
& Mindanao widespread
Neckeropsis lepineana (Mont.) M. Fleisch. - widespread *Weissia edentula Mitt. - Luzon & Mindoro
Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. - widespread
*Pelekium synoicum (Touw) Touw – Luzon, Mindoro
& Mindanao
Pelekium velatum Mitt. – widespread
*Philonotis falcata (Hook.) Mitt.
Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. – Luzon,
Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
Philonotis nitida Mitt. - Luzon
*Plagiomnium succulentum (Mitt.) T. J. Kop.- Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
Pogonatum neesii (Müll. Hal.) Dozy – widespread
Pogonatum philippinense (Broth.) Touw – Luzon,
Mindoro & Mindanao
*Pogonatum piliferum (Dozy & Molk.) Touw
*Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum (Sull. & Lesq.) Z.
Iwats. – Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan
Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt. - widespread
Racopilum spectabile Reinw. & Hornsch. - widespread
Radulina hamata (Dozy & Molk.)W. R. Buck & B. C.
Tan – widespread
*Rhynchostegiella brachypoda M. Fleisch.
*Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E. Britton -
insufficient data
Spiridens reinwardtii Nees - widespread
*Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. – Luzon,
Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas
Syrrhopodon albo-vaginatus Schwaegr. – widespread
*Syrrhopodon ciliatus (Hook.) Schwaegr.
*Taiwanobryum mucronatum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S.
Olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt – Mindoro,

133