Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLOGRAPHY 1

Annotated Bibliography

Rene B Otero

University of Texas at El Paso

Paul J Vierra Ph. D.

RWS 1301
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Annotated BibliographyThe discoveries I hope to make in this Annotated bibliography are what

can Nursing and UTEP do to address children’s health. Also if it is possible for nursing to

address children’s health. In this annotated bibliography these questions will be answered by

different sources. All will have a high level of credibility given that their area of expertise will be

considered before including it into the annotated bibliography

Research Questions

Will Nursing be able to address children’s health?

Why should Nursing address children’s health?

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Abstract

This annotated bibliography will include sources that will answer the research questions. The

research questions are how can nursing and UTEP address children’s health, and is it possible for

both nursing and UTEP to address children’s health. This annotated bibliography will include

sources that will describe tools that can be used to address children’s health. Also even though

none of the sources directly mention UTEP they successfully answer the research questions by

providing tools that both nursing and UTEP can use to address children’s health.

Keywords: Children’s health, UTEP, and nursing.

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Annotated Bibliography

Bush, P. J., & Iannotti, R. J. (1990). A children's health belief model. Medical Care, 28(1), 69-86.

Retrieved from http://0-www.jstor.org.lib.utep.edu/stable/3765622

According to Bush and Iannotti (1990), children’s health is rarely addressed individually

and should be analyzed and considered in and of its self. Before the discovery of CHBM,

children’s health treatments were predicted by HBM which were used on everyone, no

matter the age. Children’s Health Belief Model or (CHBM) was then created to expect

the treatment for five children’s health problems. The author noted that with CHBM

came three other conceptual systems influencing the research efforts concerning the

health of children. The three conceptual systems are Social Learning Theory (SLT),

Cognitive development theory (CDT), and Behavioral Intention Theory (BIT). The SLT

is the concept that the child’s behavior is determined by its environment and social

relationships. CDT concentrates on the understanding of the child’s physical and social

events. While BIT emphasizes on how behavioral intentions predict behavior, this

concept is not given too much attention given that it is based on group norms, and testing

on things that children are not cognitively prepared.

Lear, J. G., Barnwell, E. A., & Behrens, D. (2008). Health-care reform and school-based health

care. Public Health Reports (1974-), 123(6), 704-708. Retrieved from http://0-

www.jstor.org.lib.utep.edu/stable/25682122
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According to Lear, Barnwell, and Behrens (2008) Children do not receive the necessary

health care they should. The reason that children do not receive the necessary healthcare

is that not many children have the economic status to get quality healthcare. The author

explains how many children could potentially benefit from healthcare provided by

schools given how much time the average child spends in school. Also the author

mentioned how it would fix the problem with attendance in school since many children

miss school for medical reasons such as a chronical condition such as asthma. There is

also a section where the author explains how a healthcare center at school could have

treatments for children with serious conditions such as asthma.

Levoy, Rivinus, Matzko, and McGuire. (1990) Children in Search of a Diagnosis: Chronic

Trauma Disorder of Childhood.

The text starts out by describing a scene of a ten-year-old boy who constantly misbehaves

and because of that is sent to a special program and is required to take family therapy. In

the therapy sessions the therapist notices that the mother has no authority over her

children and that the children all tell him about his father coming home drunk and beating

their mother. The text later explains that the children’s health is sometimes affected not

only mentally but there are cases in which children are exposed to alcohol or drugs in the

utero and develop cognitive disabilities. Also the author explains that also the

environment that a child is in is also a factor in causing trauma in a child. The alcoholic

environment can also affect the child’s way of behaving to certain situations. The author

also mentions how the problem could be addressed by explaining rules. For example, a
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child might feel safer knowing that there is a rule that says that it is wrong to physically

abuse or criminally mistreat a child.

Lykens, K. A., & Jargowsky, P. A. (2002). Medicaid matters: Children's health and medicaid

eligibility expansions. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21(2), 219-238.

Retrieved from http://0-www.jstor.org.lib.utep.edu/stable/3325632

According to Lykens and Jargowsky (2002) Medicaid has been one of the programs that

predominate the healthcare of many low income children. This program is also the most

expensive one in the United States costing an approximate 160 billion dollars as recorded

the year 1997. There is also n0o research addressing if the program has any positive or

negative effects on both low income children and the United States. There was an act

passed from 1986 through 1990 which expanded the eligibility of pregnant women and

children close to the percentage of being low income. But despite no research on whether

this program is effective the States decided to do some experimentation. The States

decided that depending on the year, socioeconomic status, age, and state of residency the

children would be determined eligible for Medicaid. This provides an opportunity to

observe whether the program is effective or not. This tactic has a problem which is that

children’s health status is different than adult’s health status. Also there is no high

percentage of specific health problems like heart attacks, diabetes, and high blood

pressure in children. This becomes a problem because the biggest problems in children’s

health most of the time is colds, and things like such.

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Richardson, J. W., & Juszczak, L. J. (2008). Schools as sites for health-care delivery. Public

Health Reports (1974-), 123(6), 692-694. Retrieved from http://0-

www.jstor.org.lib.utep.edu/stable/25682120.

According to Richardson and Juszczak (2008) many children in the U.S. do not have

insurance or cannot access health care because of economic issues. The authors also

belief that it is important for children to have access to quality healthcare. Children are

also vulnerable to disease since they depend on adults and social systems for support. The

authors stated that it would make sense to have schools provide healthcare options since

it is where the child spends the most time. The authors also argue that a fair to poor health

status is linked with learning disabilities such as ADHD. The authors proposed a solution

to the problem called "school based health center" or SBHC. This idea is explained as an

onsite health program that would be able to treat acute to chronic conditions. The article

also emphasized that SBHC would not replace school nurses it would be a separate

branch for only elaborate treatment that a school nurse could not handle. The authors

closed the paper by informing the reader that there is currently action being taken on the

issue and that this idea of SBHC could possible improve attendance and help children

with chronic conditions as well as children from low income backgrounds.

Rosalie Cruise Jesse (1989) Children in Recovery. San Diego County: Penguin Books Canada

Ltd
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According to Jesse (1989) children of alcoholics would protest against the abuse that is

being received by their parents. The author explains throughout the book how children’s

health decline is sometimes caused by the parent’s alcoholic dependence. The book also

discusses topics such as solutions proposed by experts that would actually fail and in

some cases it would make the situation worse. An example of this is when the author

describes how the sobriety of the parent would not reduce the abuse or pain of the child

in fact it would increase it because the parent would be constantly angry and would

probably hurt the child more. The text also discuses how to address the issue of children’s

health. The only difference from the other sources is the type of children’s health. The

health addressed in the text is emotional and behavioral health. The reason for that is that

children of alcoholics are harmed the most in that particular way and the author even

mentions this a couple times throughout the text.

Silvia and Liepman. (1990) Biological Aspects of Children of Alcoholic Parents.

According to Silvia and Liepman (1990) children of alcoholics often suffer from a variety

of psychosocial stresses and often do not develop like a normal child. The author uses

many biological terminology and logic to explain certain claims. For example, when

trying to explain the relationship between alcoholism and genes. The author explains

chromosomes and genetic codes but does not mention alcoholism in the whole subtopic

of genetics. The author later moves on to explain mutations and briefly talks about how

mutations may sometimes affect children’s health but like before does not mention

alcoholism. After explaining to the reader the concept of mutations and genetics the
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author proceeds to address how genetics relate to alcoholism by using the twin studies.

The twin studies are studies between fraternal twins and identical twins where they were

analyzed and it was discovered that identical twins had both the same chance of

becoming alcoholic. Therefore, alcoholism is considered genetic to a certain extent. It

was also discussed that it is important to note that not all children of alcoholics will

become dependent on alcohol.