Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Calculate the equivalent volume sphere diameter of a cuboid particle of side length 1,2,4 mm
GIVEN: Sides: 1, 2, 4 mm
SOLUTION:
2. Calculate the surface-volume equivalent sphere diameter of the same cuboid particle (side length 1,
2, and 4 mm).
Given:
1 mm 4 mm
2 mm
Required: Dsv
Solution:
D3v
Dsv =
D2s
3 6
Dv = √π (Vp ); Vp = LWH = 1mm(2mm)(4mm) = 8mm3
3 6
Dv = √π (8mm3 ) = 2.4814 mm
S
Ds = √ πp ; Sp = 2LW + 2LH + 2WH = 2(1 × 2) + 2(1 × 4) + 2(2 × 4) = 28mm2
28mm2
Ds = √ π
= 2.9854 mm
2.4814 mm3
𝐃𝐬𝐯 = 2.9854 mm2 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏𝟒𝟑 𝐦𝐦
3. A suspension in water of uniformly sized spheres of diameter 100µm and density 1200 kg/m 3 has a
solids volume fraction of 0.2. The suspension settles to a bed of solids volume fraction of 0.5. The
single particle terminal velocity of the spheres in water may be taken as 1.1 mm/s
a. 0.42 mm/s
b. 0.31 mm/s
c. 0.25 mm/s
d. 0.39 mm/s
Given:
D = 100µm
𝜌 = 1200 kg/m3
ut = 1.1 mm/s
Soln:
UpA(CA)−UpB(CB)
Uint,AB = ; 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐶𝐴 = 0 → 𝑈𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑈𝑝𝐵
𝐶𝐴−𝐶𝐵
UpB is the hindered settling velocity of particles relative to the vessel wall in batch settling and is given
by the equation:
Up = UTεn
Check whether Stoke’s Law applies or not by solving for the Reynold’s number (limiting value is 0.3):
𝐷𝑣𝜌
Re = = 0.11 → 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑛 = 4.65
µ
εB = 1 – CB = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
Up = 0.39 mm/s
4. Calculate the velocity at which the sediment/suspension interface rises.
a. 0.21 mm/s
b. 0.36 mm/s
c. 0.26 mm/s
d. 0.39 mm/s
The velocity of the interface between initial suspension (B) and sediment (S) istherefore:U
int,
(Velocity at initial suspension)(Solids conc′n at initial suspension) − (velocity at sediment)(solids conc ′ nat sediment)
U at interface =
Solids conc ′ nat initial suspension − solids concentration at sediment
a. 0.21 mm/s
b. 0.36 mm/s
c. 0.26 mm/s
d. 0.39 mm/s
UPB CB −UPS Cs
uint = CB −Cs
(0.3897)(0.2)−0
uint =
0.5−0.2
a. 0.345 mm/s
b. 0.30 mm/s
c. 0.203 mm/s
d. 0.033 mm/s
Given:
a. 0.065 mm/s
b. 0.076 mm/s
c. 0.065 cm/s
d. 0.076 cm/s
SOLUTION:
Ups=Up(1−ε)
A height-time curve for the sedimentation of a suspension in a cylindrical vessel is shown below. The
initial concentration of the suspension for this test is 0.12 m3/m3.
7. Calculate the velocity of the interface between clear liquid and a suspension of concentration, 0.12
m3/m3.
a. 1.11 cm/s
b. 0.30 cm/s
c. 1.27 cm/s
d. 0.52 cm/s
Solution:
U – Velocity of the interface (slope of the straight line portion)
25 − 50 cm
U= = −1.11
22.5 − 0 s
8. Calculate the velocity of the interface between clear liquid and a suspension of concentration,0.2
m3/m3.
a. 0.506 cm/s
b. 0.514 cm/s
c. 0.345 cm/s
d. 0.122 cm/s
Given: C = 0.2
Cb = 0.12
Ho = 50 cm3
Sol’n:
0.12 × 50
𝐻1 = = 30 𝑐𝑚3
0.2
*drawing tangent line through t=0, H1 = 30 cm3 to the curve locates the point on the curve
corresponding to 0.2 m3/ m3.
9. Calculate the velocity at which a layer of concentration, 0.2m3/m3 propagates upwards from the
base of the vessel.
a. 0.514 cm/s
b. 0.122 cm/s
c. 0.506 cm/s
d. 0.345 cm/s
a. 0.2
b. 0.4
c. 0.6
d. 0.8
***Draw a tangent to the part of the curve corresponding to the final sediment and projecting it to the
h-axis
h1s = 15 cm
C0h0 = C1sh1s
Answer: 0.4
11. Calculate the velocity at which the sediment propagates upwards from the base. (Given: Height-
time curve)
Given:
Height-time curve
Required:
Solution:
12. A slurry with a density of 2000 kg/m3, a yield stress of 0.5 N/m2, and a plastic viscosity of 0.3 Pa is
flowing in a 1.0 cm diameter pipe which is 5m long. A pressure driving force of 4 kPa is being used.
Calculate the flow rate of the slurry.
Viscosity = 0.3 Pa
D= 1 cm , L= 5 m
P=4kPA
Solution:
𝑅Ʈ0 4Ʈ𝑦 1 Ʈ𝑦
Uav= 4𝜇𝑝 (1-3Ʈ0 + 3
(Ʈ0 )4
𝑁
∆ 𝑃𝑅 (4000 ).005
𝑚2
Ʈ0= = = 2.0 𝑁/𝑚2
2𝐿 2(5.0)
𝝅𝑫𝟐 𝝅
Q= Uav 𝟒
= (.0056 m/s) ( 𝟒 (. 𝟎𝟏𝒎)𝟐 ) = 4.37 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
13. A packed bed of solid particles of density 2500 kg/m3 occupies a depth of 1 meter in a vessel of
cross-sectional area 0.04m2. The mass of solids in the bed is 50 kg and the surface-volume mean
diameter of the particles is 1mm. A liquid of density 800 kg/m3 and viscosity 0.002 Pa-s flows upward
through the bed, which is restrained at its upper surface. Calculate the voidage of the bed.
a. 0.45
b. 0.71
c. 0.50
d. 0.80
Solution:
50
𝜀 = 1 − 2500(0.04)(1) = 0.5
14. Calculate the frictional pressure drop across the bed when the volume flow rate of liquid is 1.44
m3/hr. Use Ergun Equation
a. 6560 Pa
b. 7070 Pa
c. 6650 Pa
d. 7700 Pa
Solution
𝜀= 0.5
m3 hr
1.44 x m
hr 3600 s
U= = 0.01
0.04 m2 s
m kg
0.001 m x 0.01 x 800 3
s m
Re = 0.002 pa s
=4
m kg m2
0.01 x 0.002 pa s x (1−0.5)2 800 x 0.01 (1−0.5)
s m3 s
∆ P = 1 m {[150 ( ) + 1.75] [ ]}
0.001m2 x 0.53 0.53 x 0.001m
∆ P = 6560 Pa
15. A mixture of quartz and galena of a size range from 0.015mm to 0.065mm is to be separated into
two pure fractions using a hindered settling process. What is the minimum apparent density of the
fluid that will give this separation? The density of galena 7500 kg/m3 and the density of quartz is 2650
kg/m3.
a. 2377 kg/m3
b. 1960 kg/m3
c. 3100 kg/m3
d. 1190 kg/m3
Given:
16. The capacity (in tons/h) of the flight conveyor of 10 by 24 inches travelling at 100 fpm and handling
the crushed limestone is
a. 300
b. 350
c. 400
d. 450
Given:
D = 10 in
B = 24 in
S = 100 fpm
Required:
Solution:
Crushed limestone bulk density from 95 to 103 lb/ft3 from table 2 -120 and 2-326
Pb = 995+103)/2 = 99 lb/ft3
𝐵𝐷𝑆𝑃𝑏
T= 6000
24∗10∗100∗99
T= 6000
= 396 tons/hr
17. What is the horsepower requirement of a 45 ft length screw conveyor which will handle 20 tons/hr
of a material with average density of 50 lb/ft3.
a. 3.64 c. 5.23
b. 6.82 d. 7.5
GIVEN:
Length= 45 ft
Capacity=20 tons/hr
ρ = 50 lb/ft3
SOLUTION:
lb
(coefficient)(capacity, )(length,ft)
min
HP= 33,000
HP= 3.6364
18. Find the horsepower requirement for a continuous bucket elevator with loading leg which will lift
solids at a rate of 50 tons per hour at a vertical distance of 22 ft.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
SOLN:
2T(ΔZ) 2(50)(22)
HP = =
1000 1000
𝐇𝐏 = 𝟐. 𝟐 𝒉𝒑 ≈ 𝟐 𝑯𝑷
19. A glass sphere having a diameter of 1.554 x 10-4 m in water at 293.2 K and the slurry contains 60
wt% solids. The density of the glass spheres is 2467 kg/m3. The settling velocity of glass sphere in m/s.
a. 3.1x10-2
b. 1.5x10-3
c. 5.1x10-4
d. 0.265
Given:
D = 1.554 x 10-4 m
T = 293.2K
Density = 2467 kg/m3
Required: Ut
Solution:
40
∈= 1000 = 0.622
40 60
+
1000 2467
1
φp = 1.829(1−0.622) = 0.205
10
9.81(1.554x10−4 )2 (2467 − 1000)(0.6222 x0.205)
Ut = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐦/𝐬
18(0.001)
20. What is the porosity of a solid if tis bulk density is 1125 kg/m3 and its true density is 1500 kg/m3?
a. 0.25
b. 0.33
c. 0.75
d. 1.33
Solution:
𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
True Density = (1−𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦)
kg 1125
1500 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
m3 (1 − 𝑋)
21. If the total percentage of particles larger than the screen opening in the feed, oversize, undersize
are 36%, 89%, and 3% respectively, the effectiveness of the screen if the undersize is the product is
a. 0.98
b. 0.76
c. 0.65
d. 0.89
Given:
XF = 0.36
XP = 0.89
XR = 0.03
Required: Effectiveness
Solution:
E =.8861
E = 0.89
22. The wire diameter of a 10-mesh screen whose aperture is 0.065 inch is
Given:
Solution:
1 = 10(0.065 + Wd)
Wd = 0.035’’
23. If 20% of pulverized limestone (work index= 12.74) is retained by a 150 mesh screen from an
original uniform size of 35 mesh, the energy required in kW to process 1 ton/h.
P= 6.2532 kW= C
24. Calculate the power needed to reduce 100 ton/h of quartz (work index = 17.5 kW-hr/ton) in a
grinding ball mill from an 80% passing size of 2 inches to an 80% passing size of 1/8 inch
a. 11.4 hP
b. 17.8 hP
c. 23.1 hP
d. 27.5 hP
Given:
100 ton/hr
Wi = 17.5 kW-hr/ton
F = 2 inches = 50800 𝜇𝑚
P = 1/8 inches = 3175 𝜇𝑚
Required: W
Solution:
Using Bond’s law
1 1
𝑊 = 10 𝑥 𝑊𝑖 ( − )
√𝑃 √𝐹
𝑘𝑊 − ℎ𝑟 1 1
= 10 𝑥 17.5 ( − )
𝑡𝑜𝑛 √3175 √50800
𝑘𝑊 − ℎ𝑟 1 ℎ𝑝 ℎ𝑝 − ℎ𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑊 = 2.3293 𝑥 = 3.1237 𝑥 100
𝑡𝑜𝑛 0.7457 𝑘𝑊 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑟
𝑊 = 312.3657 ℎ𝑃
25. 6000 lb of a material goes through a crusher and grinder per hour in succession (on the same
power drive). Screen analysis from the crusher shows a surface area of product of 500 ft2 per lb.
Screen analysis of the grinder product indicates a surface area of 4,200 ft per lb. the Rittingers number
of the material processed is 163 in2 per ft-lb. the efficiency of thecrusher is estimated to be 25%, while
that of the grinder is 30%. Estimate the total power to be delivered to the equipment.
a. 18.5 hP
b. 26.4 hP
c. 30.5 hP
d. 38.4 hP
Given:
m = 6000lb Effgrinder = 30%
a = 500ft2/lb Effcrusher = 25%
product = 4200 ft/lb Rf = 163 in2/ft-lb
Required: P
Solution:
4200−500 1 1 1
Grinder P = ( 163
) (6000) (0.3) (60X60) (144) (550) = 33.02 hp
500 1 1 1
Crusher P = (163) (6000) (0.25) (550) (60X60) (144) = 5.35 hp
- A plate and frame filter press is the most fundamental design, and many now refer it as a
"membrane filter plate". This type of filter press consists of many plates and frames assembled
alternately with the supports of a pair of rails.
27. A solid handling equipment used for moving powdered or granular materials to and from
storage or between reaction vessels as in moving bed catalytic.
a. Screw conveyor
b. Bucket elevator
c. Belt conveyor
d. Pneumatic conveyor
- Bucket elevator- A bucket elevator, also called a grain leg, is a mechanism for hauling
flowable bulk materials (most often grain or fertilizer) vertically.
28. It is a portable platform on which packaged materials can be handled and stored.
a. Hopper trucks
b. Baler bags
c. Pallets
d. Steel drums
- Pallet- a flat wooden structure that heavy goods are put onto so that they can
be moved using a fork-lift truck (a small vehicle with two strongbars of metal on the front that is
used for lifting heavy goods).
29. A type of pneumatic conveyor system characterized by a material moving in air stream or
pressure less than ambient is
a. Fluidizing
b. Pressure
c. Pressure-vacuum
d. Vacuum
-Vacuum- a space without any gas or other matter in it, or a space from which most of
the air or gas has been removed.
30. It is the angle at which a material will rest on a pile
a. Angle of inclination
b. Angle of repose
c. Banking angle
d. Contact angle
-Angle of repose- the steepest angle at which a sloping surface formed of a particular loose
material is stable.
31. Which of the following conveyors can be used in conveying materials up and down an incline?
a. Screw conveyor
b. Bucket elevator
c. Belt conveyor
d. Pneumatic conveyor
- Bucket elevator- A bucket elevator, also called a grain leg, is a mechanism for hauling
flowable bulk materials (most often grain or fertilizer) vertically.
32. A flotation modifier which assists in selectivity or stop unwanted minerals from floating is
a. Activators
b. Depressants
c. Promoters
d. Regulators
33. The flotation agent that prevents coalescence of air bubbles as they travel to the surface of the
water is/are
a. Collectors
b. Modifying agent
c. Promoters
d. Frothing Agent
-A particle or droplet will settle in a fluid if its density is greater than that of the fluid in which it
is suspended. The (laminar) settling velocity of particles whose concentration is very low, that
is when the flow of fluid around a particle does not affect the flow around neighboring
particles.
-Tube mill - a grinding mill that consists of a long revolving tube containing flint
pebbles or steel balls or slugs and is used for pulverizing (as in cement
manufacturing).
- Plate-and-frame filter- a filter press in which the spaces for the caked solid matter are
formed by inserting hollow frames between each pair of plates instead of providing the plates with
raised edges.
- Bond crushing law: The total work input represented by a given weight of crushed
product is inversely proportional to the square root of the diameter of the product particles.
39. In Froth Flotation, chemical agent added to cause air adherence is called
a. collector b. frother c. modifier d. promoter
- Collectors are chemical agents used in froth flotation to cause air adherence.
40. The operating speed of a ball mill should be
a. atleast equal to the critical speed c. much more than the critical speed
b. less than the critical speed d. none of the choices
- The rate of rotation of ball mills should be less than the speed at which the charge is
held against the inside surface by centrifugal force, since no size reduction will take
place unless the balls fall upon the material to be crushed.
41. Wet grinding in a revolving mill
a. gives less wear on chamber walls than dry grinding
b. requires more energy than for dry grinding
c. increases capacity compared to dry grinding
d. complicates handling of the product compared to dry grinding
- In wet grinding, water holds dry materials to be reduced in size that increases it in
capacity than dry grinding.
42. Drag coefficient CD is given by (in Stoke’s Law range)
16 0.079 𝟐𝟒 18.4
a. 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑅𝑒 b. 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑅𝑒 0.23 c. 𝑪𝑫 = 𝑹𝒆 d. 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑅𝑒𝑝
𝑝 𝑝 𝒑