Acids and Bases Henderson-Hasselbalch

Acids: H+ donor; Bases: H+ acceptor pH = pKa + log ([base]/[acid]) [4]

Acids: e- acceptor; Bases: e- donor (recall Org Chem)
Molarity (M) = mol/L (4) What is the pH of a buffer that is 0.12M in benzoic acid
pH = -log(H+) and 0.2M in sodium benzoate? Ka benzoic acid = 6.5 x 10-5
pKa = -log (Ka)“Memorizable” values
Ka HOAc = 1.8 x 10-5
Kb NH3 = 1.8 x 10-5
(5) Calculate the pH of a buffer prepared by dissolving 12.51 g
What is pKa? NaB (121.135 g/mol) and 4.55 g HB (157.596 g/mol) in 1.00
[𝐻 + ][𝐴− ] L of water if Ka = 8.5 x 10-9
𝐾𝑎 = [1]
𝐻𝐴

If Kb , replace with basic variables. Central concept of

product/reactant in an equilibrium calculation remains

A useful concept:
14 = pH + pOH [2]
(6) If we add 12.0 mL of 1.00 M HCl to the above solution,
Kw = Ka x K b
what would be its new pH
Example 1. What is the pH of a 0.10 M HOAc sol’n?
HOAc ⇋ H+ + OAc-
I 0.10 0 0
C -x x x
E 0.10-x x x
(7) Describe how you would prepare a phosphate buffer with
𝑥2
a pH of 7.4
1.8 𝑥 10−5 = since x ≪ 0.10, 0.10-x ≈ 0.10 Ka1 = 7.5 x 10-3 Ka2 = 6.2 x 10-8 Ka3 = 4.8 x 10-13
0.10−𝑥𝑖

𝑥 = √(1.8 𝑥 10−5)(0.10) = 1.3 𝑥 10−3 𝑀

Assumption valid iff. [2] < 5%

𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 Biochemistry and Pharmacology principles

% 𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = [3]
𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Polyprotic acid: contains > 1 ionizable H+ / formula unit

Problem solving
(1) What is the pH of a 0.25M NH3 solution?

(2) Calculate all the species present in 0.100 M H2C2O4 (Ka,1 =

5.9 x 10-2, Ka,2 = 6.4 x 10-5) 1.) What form of a drug is easily excretable?
a. Free, ionized form; Note that: nonionized form
undergoes active secretion and reabsorption;

Suppose NaOAc is added to the solution in example 1, what will 2.) How does pH affect the ionization of a drug?
happen? a. Weak acid = if pKa < pH: R-COO- ⇒ excretable.

II. Common ion effect
(3) What is the pH of a solution made by adding 0.3 mol of
HOAc and 0.3 mol NaOAc to enough water to make 1.0 L
of solution?
3.) How can pH be utilized to clear a drug?
a. Ex. Aspirin toxicity is treated with NaHCO3
4.) What should be done to acidify urine in cases?
a. NH4Cl and Vitamin C, cranberry juice; in cases of
amphetamine or PCP toxicity

Buffers
-mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its
conjugated acid. Buffer range must be within 2 pH of the pKa