Utility Systems

School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical

Science
University of Manchester
(September 2014)

Lec00 - 1 Utility Systems (2014)

Course Introduction
Objectives
To provide the necessary background for industrial utility systems and
introduce analysis and optimisation techniques for utility systems,
including cogeneration, in the process industries.
Scope
The course will focus on the individual components of the site utility
system, targeting for energy use and cogeneration potential, selection
of the most appropriate utility system (accounting for cogeneration),
the integration of site processes and the utility system, and the
minimisation of site energy costs.
Recommended Reading
Smith R, Chemical Process Design and Integration, 2005, Wiley
Kenny W F, Energy Conservation in Process Industries,1984, Academic Press Inc.
Kemp I C, Pinch Analysis and Process Integration, 2007, Butterworth-Heinemann

Lec00 - 2 Utility Systems (2014)

 Learning Outcomes
Academic Knowledge
• Critically assess the overall variability in the design of utility systems
• Evaluate the design of utility systems with respect to cogeneration
potential
• Critically assess the suitability of variations in component mixture in
meeting the heat and power demands of chemical processes
• Evaluate the model variations of utility system components and their
practicality for design synthesis
• Evaluate variations in fuel and water composition and their effect on
waste minimisation
• Critically examine the implications of interactions between chemical
processes and utility systems in minimising operating and capital costs
• Evaluate methodologies for the synthesis of utility systems
• Evaluate modifications to existing designs with respect to the effective
use of capital

Lec00 - 3 Utility Systems (2014)

Learning Outcomes
Intellectual Skills
• Synthesise utility systems in order to minimise energy use and maximise
cogeneration, at minimal cost, whilst meeting heat and power demands
• Evaluate existing designs of utility systems with respect to energy use,
cogeneration, heat and power demands, and emissions
Subject Practical Skills
• Integrate methodologies and technologies to pursue desired
outcomes
• Evaluate the appropriateness and practicalities of methodologies for
different design purposes
• Ability to use commercially available software to achieve required
designs
Transferable Skills
• Ability to use information and communications technology
• To be able to manage time and workloads effectively
• Ability to communicate efficiently and effectively orally and in writing
Lec00 - 4 Utility Systems (2014)
 Assessment

Coursework
• 25% of the total mark for the unit
• Released 31st October 2014
• Submitted 21st November 2014
• Assessed by Wednesday 12th December 2014

Examination
• 75% of the total mark for the unit
• Exam period in January 2015

Lec00 - 5 Utility Systems (2014)

Contents
Lecture 1 Introduction
Lecture 2 Fuels, Combustion, and Emissions
Lecture 3 Boiler Feedwater Treatment
Lecture 4 Boilers
Lecture 5 Basic Steam Calculations
Lecture 6 Basic Gas Turbine Calculations
Lecture 7 Steam Turbines
Lecture 8 Gas Turbines
Lecture 9 Gas Turbine Heat Recovery
Lecture 10 Steam Use and Distribution
Lecture 11 Steam Balances and Energy Audits

Lec00 - 6 Utility Systems (2014)

 Contents (continued)

Lecture 12 Optimising Utility Systems

Lecture 13 Analysis of Utility System Potentials
Lecture 14 Steam Pricing
Lecture 15 Total Site Composite Curves
Lecture 16 Cogeneration Targets for Steam Turbine Systems
Lecture 17 Optimising Steam Levels
Lecture 18 Driver Selection
Lecture 19 Conclusions

Lec00 - 7 Utility Systems (2014)

Contents (continued)

• Problem Solving Exercise associated with each Lecture

• Problem Solving Exercise solutions posted to Blackboard after 2
weeks
• Problem Solving Exercises do not have to be submitted

• Practical Sessions each week - starting week 2 (one hour

sessions in computer clusters)
• Practical Sessions will involve use of software
• Practical Sessions solutions do not have to be submitted

Lec00 - 8 Utility Systems (2014)