20IO International Conference On Computer Design And Appliations (ICCDA 2010)

Simulation and Diagnosis in the Stator Fault of Induction Motors

Yin Jun, Wei Yunbing, Cui Guangzhao Lu Liying

College of Electrical Information Engineering, Zhengzhou Henan Polytechnic
University of Light Industry Zhengzhou. China
Zhengzhou. China llyjwc@sina.com
Yinjun0371@126.com

Abstract-In this paper, when the stator fault, the stator input
voltage of motor are deduced, based on the mathematical II. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF INDUCTION MOTORS IN

model of induction motor in the afJ reference frame. Establish TWO- CPHASE afJ REFERENCE FRAME

and simulate the stator fault three-phase induction motor

model to get the stator fault currents. Using filters to remove A. The Mathematical Model of Induction Motors
the 50 Hz fundamental component of stator fault currents, As rotor of the induction motor is short-circuit,
then do the spectral analysis of these currents. The simulation
ura ,urfJ =0. Voltage equation of motor can be obtained:
results can detect a clear (l l n p )!; harmonic component of
stator fault current. Based on this simulation results we can o R, +L,p 0 LmP
accurately diagnose the motor stator fault. This diagnostic
method has a great help to predict and identify the stator fault. u'a R, +L,p o LmP 0
= (1)
U,fJ -wrLm LmP -wrLr R,. +LrP
Keywords; statorfault; induction motor; fault component
Ura LmP wrLm R,. +LrP wrLr
I. INTRODUCTION According to equation (1) we have:
When induction motors are running, the thermal,

R-[_� 1-�4 ,i
electrical, mechanical factors will lead to stator faults.
Through statistics, all of the asynchronous motor faults, 30%
(2)
� 40% are caused by the stator fault. If can not detect faults
at an early stage, stator failure will lead to more serious
motor fault, such as inter-phase short circuit or ground
fault. So must accurately detect the motor stator fault at an o
early stage, which is very helpful to protect the safe
Ls

-]\Lr OJ rL� r L m OJ r L m L r ii\sfJa

operation of electrical equipment. At present, there are L= (3)
several kinds of induction motor stator fault diagnosis o

-OJrL�, -OJ-]\LrrLmLs -OJ-R,rLLmL, r -OJr rLLm,Lr

methods: stator current Park vector method [2], but the Lm 0 Lr 0

iirr{Ja
method is difficult to accurately identifY the image trajectory
The state equation is obtained:
of stator fault currents. Stator negative sequence impedance

OJrLmL, r,Lm OJrL,Lr -R,L,

method [3], this method uses the stator negative-sequence
terminal voltage as fault signature to detect the stator faults. l,a
But the asymmetry factors of motor will cause the motor +
IsfJ
stator voltage change, so the method can not accurately
detect stator faults. Stator current frequency analysis method r\.Lm
Ira

[U,U,a{J}
[4], by detecting the (l I n p )!; Hz harmonic component of
the stator fault currents can realize stator fault diagnose. IrfJ
Where: np is the pole pairs number of motor, !; is the
L, 0
supply power frequency.
In this paper, we use the stator current frequency analysis 0 L,
method, through the detection of stator current (I I n p )!; Hz (4)
component to diagnose stator faults. This method is not 4, 0
affected by the supply power and load fluctuation. It could 0 4,
also diagnose the early stator fault. Simulation results show
that the method can accurately detect stator faults. Where: Rs , Rr are the stator, rotor resistance
respectively; L" Lr are stator and rotor inductance
respectively; Lm is the mutual inductance between the stator

978-1-4244-7164-5/$26.00 © 2010 IEEE V4- 12 6 Volume 4

 2010 International Conference On Computer Design And Appliations (ICCDA 2010)

and rotor; OJr is the speed of rotor ; i sa ' i,p are the stator B. The A-phase a/Stator Winding is Disconnected
v. _______ -y-_______
currents in the axis of a, fJ; ira' ir
P
are the rotor currents in
the axis of a, fJ.
Torque equation of induction motor is:
Te=n pLm (ispira - irpisa) (5)
Speed equation:
J dOJr
TL - T e -
_

-;;-; --:it (6)

Figure 2. The A-phase of stator winding is disconnected

III. MODELING OF STATOR FAULT When the A-phase of stator winding is disconnected, the
In this paper, we simulate the induction motor stator fault conditions are:

{
faults: 1. The C-phase of supply power is disconnected; 2. iA=O (12)
The A-phase of stator winding is disconnected. Based on According to equations (8) (10) (12) we have the input
mathematical analysis, deduce the stator input voltage when voltage of stator fault in the afJ two-phase stationary
stator fault, to establish the simulation model of stator fault
reference frame:

:
motor.
A. The C-phase a/Supply Power is Disconnected uas 1/
.J2(2Vc-Va -Vb)
(13)
U fJs - .J3i2( U a _ U b)

..� j
C. Modeling a/Stator Fault
Because the induction motor model is a multi-input and
multi-output coupled system, it will be a tedious work to
solve the equations of current and flux directly, with the
basic modules of Simulink. In this paper we use the S­
function module to build the induction motor model,

{
according to mathematical models. It just needs to edit the
Figure I. The C-phase of supply power is disconnected resistance matrix R , inductance matrix L and state equation
When the C-phase of supply power is disconnected, we correctly, in the m file of S-function. The S-function will
have: solve out the current matrix I , and obtain the torque and
speed according to the equations of motion and torque. The
i H = ic
simulation of model only needs to call this S-function to
(7)
uab=va-vb

{
solve the equations of current and flux, and debug the model
According to Kirchhoff's voltage law: conveniently.
According to above equations establish the model of
Uab +ubc +uca =0 (8) induction motor, when the C-phase of supply power is
The stator input voltages are obtained: disconnected:
Uas : PL : iar (9)
U fJs - U a Ub

r;;
According to the afJ two-phase stationary reference
frame conversion formula:

{ :: :
r;; 1 = 513[; ;,;� Y,� l -
-

2
(10)
Figure 3. Model of stator fault

We have:
D. Filter Module
u -1 /.J2"(2Vc-Va Run the stator fault model to get the stator fault currents.
(11)
u $T2( u a - uh) And create a filter module to remove the fundamental
component of stator fault currents, which are 50 Hz . And do
the spectral analysis of these currents. By detecting the fault
signature (11 n p)1; Hz harmonic component of stator fault
currents, the stator faults will be diagnosed. Figure 4, 5 show

V4-127 Volume 4
 2010 International Conference On Computer Design And Appliations (ICCDA 2010)

the filter characteristic curve and the constitutional diagram 0.8

of the filter module:

Magnitude Response (dB) _________________ 0.6

50 ,---,--,---,---,
0.4

0.2
-50 --------- ---------�---------�----------: ----------: ----------: --------
, I , I ,

.L
, I , I ,
, " ,

� � : :
, " .
-100 05 50 5
--------- --------- --------- --------_ _--------- -------------------
: - 0 0 100 1 0 200
Figure 7. Faults currents spectrum analysis diagram when the C-phase of
-150 '___----'-__--L-__'--_----'-__---'-__-'--_----' supply power is disconnected
o 005 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Frequency (kHz)

Figure 4. Filter features

FDATool

Zero-Order To Workspace
Hold Digital
Filter Design , ,

Figure 8. The faults currents when the A-phase of stator winding is

disconnected
Figure 5. The constitutional diagram of the filter module
1.4 ,,-------,-------.--- --,-----,__-----.--- ---,-,

IV. SIMULATION AND RESULT ANALYSIS 1.2

A. Simulation
0.8
In the simulation of stator faults, the parameters of 0.6
motors are rated voltage: 380V; frequency: 50 Hz ; the stator,
rotor resistance: R, =1.1 n, Rr =1.05 n; the stator, rotor
0.4

L =0.82 H, Lr =0.71 H;
0.2
inductance: ,
the mutual inductance:
0�- O----���--�
L H;
5� 50------�
the number of motor pole pairs: Np = 2;
----�5� ----��2 �--�2�
50
=0.075 0 1 O
0 1 O
m
00
Figure 9. Faults currents spectrum analysis diagram when the A-phase of

inertia J =0.023 kge m2• stator winding is disconnected

Set simulation parameters, the time of simulation is 1s, B. Simulation Result Analysis
maximum step of simulation: 1e-3, the absolute error: 1e-5,
J) At Is, the C-phase of supply power is suddenly
solver is ode45. Start simulation, simulation results are
disconnected. This fault will cause a strong impact on the
shown as follows:
current and torque of motor. The fault current of A-phase
stator windings is 5-6 times of the rated current. The fault
currents of B-phase and C-phase stator windings are equal;
the fault currents are 4-5 times of the rated currents. Using
filters to remove the fundamental component of stator fault
currents, and do the spectral analysis of these fault currents.
The simulation results can detect a clear 25 Hz harmonic
component of stator fault currents, which is the (l / np).t; Hz
fault signature. Based on this simulation results we can
� ,----r---,---_r---�---.--__. accurately diagnose the motor stator fault.
'� I!� 2) When the motor is running at 1s, the A-phase of stator
·100 1�.... . )
,., .. , ... ......... . . .
windings suddenly disconnect, it will cause a strong impact
-�o'------�O�
. 5------L,------,.�5------�?------�?5�--�3 on the current of motor. The fault current of A-phase is
Figure 6. The faults currents when the C-phase of supply power is
almost o. The fault currents of B-phase and C-phase stator
disconnected
windings are 4-5 times of the rated currents. Using filters to
remove the fundamental component of stator fault currents,
and do the spectral analysis of these fault currents. The

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 2010 International Conference On Computer Design And Appliations (ICCDA 2010)

spectral analysis diagram of fault currents can detect a clear REFERENCES

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* The Science Foundation for Outstanding Youth of Henan Province (074100510004)

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