International Journal of Digital Communication and Networks (IJDCN)

Volume 4, Issue 5, April 2018

Lesion Identification and Tissue Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance (MR)

Image using Interval type based Clustering

S.Sairam, A.Soma Vigneshwar, T.N.Ajith Kumar, A.Saravanan


Abstract— Identifying the lesions and tissue segmentation is a II. RELATED WORKS
difficult task that helps early diagnosis in radiotherapy. For the S. Author’s Proposed Advantages of Drawbacks of the
several years, different types of segmentation techniques have N Detail techniques/Algori the techniques
been proposed but still it is a hard task to identify the lesions. To o thm used proposed /algorithm
solve this issues, we introduced the new automated techniques techniques
for identify the various types of lesions and to segment the /algorithm
tissues in MR image using interval type based clustering. The 1 Christine The authors used The proposed Even the
interval type based clustering will better results will provide Egger et al Lesion methodologies algorithm
(2017) segmentation can identify the produces the
results for solving the optimization problem. Feasible solutions
toolbox (LST) multiple sclerosis accurate result.
are provided by identifying the optimal cluster; it will improve using Statistical present in But the
the accuracy of segmentation process. Different types of lesions Parametric Magnetic computational
and tissue structure present in human brain were segmented Mapping Resonance Image. time required for
will give better visualization for the radiologist. In order to processing the
prove the accuracy of the algorithm, the comparison image can be
parameters such as Dice overlap index (DOI), Computation improved.
time are used. 2. Saravanan The author The author Dice overlap
Alagarsamy proposed a new utilized a hybrid Index obtained by
et al (2017) hybrid techniques methodology for the techniques can
Index Terms— lesions identification, Interval type based cuckoo based segmentation of be further
clustering, Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) IF2FCM. tissue and edema improved.
. region in MRI
image.
3. Selin Isoglu The author The proposed This technique
et al(2017) suggested k-means techniques clearly will give better
I. INTRODUCTION algorithm identify multiple result for
A lesion is region or tissues in an organ which will cause sclerosis lesion T1-weighted
Segmentation in images.
damage occur due to accident or diseases. In some cases Magnetic
lesion may be caused by tumor, they are classified in two Resonance Images
types either benign or malignant. The benign is a type of 4. Govindaraj The authors The algorithm Still the
tumor can be curable nothing but an initial stage et al proposed the successfully specificity
(2014) hybrid segments the obtained by the
(non-cancerous). Malignant is a type of tumor very methodologies various types techniques need to
dangerous difficult to curable [1]. with the Magnetic be improved.
The internal structures of human body are visual combination of Resonance brain
Fuzzy C – Means Image.
represented through medical analysis for clinical diagnosis. and Particle Swarm
Because of complex structure and irregular shapes will be Optimization based
challenges for the radiologist to identify and diagnosis. Now Algorithm.
5. Andac et al. The author This techniques This method will
days, various types of medical imaging techniques have been
(2011) recommended the clearly segment identify the tissue
developed to produce the accurate information of human novel approach for the tissues in the and tumor. Some
body. Each of techniques will have their own merits and identifying the human brain manual
demerits.MRI is one of the advanced and popular techniques tumor in contrast intervention is
enhanced image. needed to
used for identify the various lesions. But for some cases it diagnose
requires the manual intervention for diagnosis. In order to
provide better augmentation/visualization automated 6. Demirhan The author utilized This author Still the better
and the feature of Self developed a novel augmentation is
algorithms have been proposed [2].
Guler (2011) Organizing combination needed for
Map(SOM) for method will give identifying the
segmentation better multiple sclerosis
Manuscript received April 6, 2018. augmentation for in MRI image.
S.Sairam, CSE, KALASALINGAM ACADEMY OF RESEARCH AND different grade of
EDUCATION , (ssairam66@gmail.com). srivilliputtur, India, tumor.
A,Soma Vigneshwar, CSE,KALASALINGAM ACADEMY OF
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ,Srivilliputtur , India,
(vigneshwarsoma@gmail.com)
T.N.Ajith Kumar, CSE, KALASALINGAM ACADEMY OF RESEARCH
AND EDUCATION, (ajithkukumar@gmail.com), srivilliputtur ,India
A.Saravanan, Assistant Professor, CSE, KALASALINGAM ACADEMY
OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION, (senthilsar@gmail.com),
srivilliputtur,India
,
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 International Journal of Digital Communication and Networks (IJDCN)
Volume 4, Issue 5, April 2018

III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Fuzzy logic will provide better solution to solve the Here ‘ denotes the interval type-2 membership function.
optimization problems, where in, objects are leap to have in which is described by the membership function .
exact information. Type- 1 fuzzy logic system does not give Here and :
better dispersion for the linguistic uncertainties. Type-2
fuzzy set was introduced by Zadeh to solve the uncertainties (2)
present in the optimization problems [3].
The limit of membership function ( is defined as
Start Fuzzy set, can be represented as

(3)
Skull stripping of Input MRI Image

Indicates the union function of all acceptable input

Best results obtained from Interval variables x and u.
type algorithm
In fuzzy type-2 membership function for both lower and
upper are calculated to find out the uncertainty. Membership
function ( ) for upper bound is defined by the following
Optimized Centroid value is
calculated equation [5].

Calculation of Euclidean distance between

the input value and optimized centroid value (4)

Optimized Membership function

is calculated Membership function ( ) for the lower bound is
represented by the following equation.

Objective function No (5)

‘ ’ minimized?

Here, represents the distance between the

Yes
input data and cluster center . The symbol represents
Lesion segmented Image the Euclidean norm. ‘ ’ refers to the number of clusters [6].

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Segmentation of lesion and tissue In order to check the efficiency of the algorithm different
present in MRI image types and different grades of lesion present in T1-weighted,
T2-weighted, Flair images are taken. The interval type
algorithm produces better segmentation and augmentation of
End lesion when compared to the K-means algorithm [7].

S.N Input Image Segmented Segmented

O Result result of
Figure 1.Flowchart of Interval type algorithm Obtained from Interval type
K-Means algorithm
Here ‘A’ has been denoted as fuzzy set in related to the algorithm
K-means BAT Cluster
discourse and can be denoted by membership function
the value lies between the interval 0 and 1.The fuzzy
set is denoted as 1.
(1)

Type-1 fuzzy set ‘A’ can be expressed the membership

function ( .Each input value in the fuzzy set is mapped
to the membership function in the range [0,1].There are
different types of membership function are used such as
triangular, trapezoidal ,Gaussian. In order to get the smooth
edges Gaussian membership are used with fuzzy logic [4].

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 International Journal of Digital Communication and Networks (IJDCN)
Volume 4, Issue 5, April 2018
K-means BAT Cluster

2.

K-means BAT Cluster

3.

K-means BAT Cluster

4.
Figure 3.DOI values obtained from Interval type
algorithm
In terms of DOI values, the interval type algorithm
produces better result and produces more number of
similarities between the input image and segmented image.
K-means BAT Cluster
The figure 3.clearly show how better results are obtained by
5.
the interval type techniques.
Computational Time:
The time taken to process and perform the segmentation of
lesions and identifying the tissues of input MR image. The
Interval type algorithm requires less time for processing the
given input image [12 & 13].

Figure 2.Segementation results obtained from Interval

type algorithm
Different types of image are considered, Dice overlap Index
(DOI) and Computational time are measured for various
input MR images .This values are taken for both K-means
and Interval type algorithm [8].

S.No DOI Computational Time

K-Means Interval K-Means Interval
Type Type
Algorithm Algorithm
1 0.4037 0.3597 15.5327 3.186
2 0.4337 0.3835 14.5846 2.9693
3 0.4987 0.3431 15.0082 3.0174
4 0.4567 0.3655 17.5895 3.2776 Figure 4.Elapsed time for Interval type algorithm.
5 0.4845 0.3597 15.6242 3.186
Table 1: DOI, Elapsed Time obtained from Interval type Fig.4.Shows the computational time obtained by the interval
algorithm. type techniques. Some many algorithms have been proposed
for segmentation but the time need for processing is quite
Table 1: show the DOI and Elapsed time for various types more. The interval type techniques requires less time which is
of image, the interval type algorithm produce more similarity quite less when compared to the existing techniques [14 &
indexes than K-means algorithm and the elapsed time is 15].
better than the existing algorithm [9].
VI. CONCLUSION
The Suggested Interval type technique requires minimum
V. COMPARISON PARAMETERS time processing all sequences of MRI image. Multiple
Dice Overlap Index (DOI): sclerosis of lesions are identified and tissue segmentation
present in the MRI image. So many existing algorithms were
DOI is mainly used to identify the similar or overlap developed to perform the segmentation and identification of
between the input image and the segmented output image .It lesions .But so manual intervention is required for
can be expressed in the following equation [10 & 11]. completing the task. This techniques without any manual
intervention perform good segmentation and requires less
(6) time for processing that will help the radiologist for
performing accurate decision making in the diagnosis in
radiotherapy. In future the interval type techniques will
combine as hybrid techniques can be used as effective tool in
the field of medical imaging.

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 International Journal of Digital Communication and Networks (IJDCN)
Volume 4, Issue 5, April 2018

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