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OBJECTIVE
To make a thorough study of a steam generating units and all accessories associated in
it.
BRIEF BACKGROUND
A steam generating unit is composed of a boiler furnace and some of all various
accessories essential to its efficiency of steam generation. These accessories are fuel burning
equipment, superheater, reheater coil economizer, an air heater. The boiler from which water
or other liquid vaporizer may be classified according to:
1. Methods of firing, as internally and externally fired
2. Water tube or fire tube
3. Vertical, horizontal, and inclined arrangement of tube
4. Stationary, marine and locomotive
5. Straight tube and curve tube
6. Return tabular and through tube
7. Vertical-baffle and horizontal-baffle
8. High pressure and low pressure
9. Longitudinal-drum and cross-drum
APPARATUS
The package type boiler in the ME laboratory
ACTIVITY
1. Make a multi-view sketches of the boiler in the ME laboratory. Label all important
parts and indicate complete specification of the equipment or vessels.
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
-Water Tube
- A water tube boiler is such kind of boiler where the water is heated inside tubes and
the hot gasses surround them. This is the basic definition of water tube boiler. Actually this
boiler is just opposite of fire tube boiler where hot gasses are passed through tubes which are
surrounded by water.
-Fire Tube
- It is a type of boiler in which hot gases pass from a fire through one or more tubes
running through a sealed container of water.
-Vertical
-vertical axis boiler
-Horizontal
-horizontal axis boiler
-Inclined
- inclined axis boiler
- Stationary
These boilers are used for power plants or processes steam in plants
- Marine
- a design of steam boiler best known for its use on ships
-Locomotive
-is a type of railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam
engine.
-Straight Tube
Straight tube boilers have straight water tubes
-Curve Tube
-Curve tube boilers have bent water tubes
-Return Tubular
- Horizontal return tubular boiler (HRT) has a horizontal cylindrical shell, containing
several horizontal flue tubes, with the fire located directly below the boiler's shell, usually within
a brickwork setting
-Through tube
This boiler is made up of the same parts as the return tube, the main difference is that of
arrangement. The rear plate of the combustion chamber forms one tube sheet and the end plate
forms the other. The top of the combustion chamber is stayed to the shell by sling stays which
are bars having forked ends fastened to the shell and to the combustion chamber.
10. What is the difference between design pressure and operating pressure?
-In designing equipment, it is seen that it sustains the stress imposed on it from the
external and the internal pressures, and this pressure is termed as design pressure.
-MAWP is the maximum pressure at which the vessel or equipment is allowed to
function at a specific temperature.
-Design pressure is the condition of coincident temperature and pressure that is expected
in a normal condition.
-Maximum Allowable Working Pressure is the maximum pressure that is permissible at
the top of the equipment or vessel in normal operating conditions.
-One of the main differences between Maximum Allowable Working Pressure and
design pressure is that the latter one is always equal or less than MAWP of the vessel or
equipment.
-The MAWP will be changing with time because of corrosion and vessel fatigue. Design
pressure depends on the kind of system (fuel, water, steam, etc.) that is used in the
vessels.
REFERENCES
http://banksengineering.com/blrsafety.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-fire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descaling_agent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_hammer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening
http://setxind.com/downstream/the-importance-of-industrial-boiler-maintenance/
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_need_of_Purging_in_boiler
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-mawp-and-design-pressure/
https://www.dli.mn.gov/ccld/PDF/guide2saferboiler.pdf
https://www.brighthubengineering.com/power-plants/34240-economizer-and-air-pre-
heaters-are-provided-for-heat-recovery/
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg436.pdf
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-use-of-an-air-vent-valve-in-a-boiler
https://www.scribd.com/document/280624893/Principles-of-Boiler-Operations
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/299865327/Introduction-to-Boiler