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A. B. Choudhury
Continuing the analysis oi a three-flight free standing staircase, the second stage of the direct
general method of analysis using the principles of rotational com@atibility, is presented here.
A numerical example concludes the paper.
(ii) Secondary analysis
=:
(6EZ+m a)
Similarly for joint [3]
B a= (2H5ec a + W,sin k) Lb
3
- (S,“cos a - 6, sin a)
6 = @, + S3zl
1 Mtiib + M&-b -LO
2
(3E1,, @E&i) ib
n n (6, + S,)-cos a
= (6, + S,)sin Gc +
2
. . (XI)
d, = Szz - S3=
Let 63, Vi, HIi are the joint moments/vertical/ &=F;- fLct-WG+2Ql
horizontal reactions respectively, at supports due to (&+Kb+4Q)
overall deflection in Y-Z plane. Proceeding in the same
manner similar to analysis in step, 1 the following equa-
tions are obtained.
MARCH 1982
K + & 4 4Q)
Step 7- Seconabry stresses due to d,: Referring to
Fig 14, the differential deflection d, in X-direction, Fig 15 Differential deflection in Z-direction
will primarily develop the support reactions H:i = H,“: For equilibrium-
given by
H* _ 12EU..
. . (27) Mi;+Mz3= +H:ctana . .(31)
x -7
c Solving the equations (28) to (31)
Proceeding in the same manner as in step 1, the support
P
f M~EH~c~na(X,+2Q)
moments MY, and the vertical reactions V, are
(Ka + &+4Q)
evaluated as follows :
For rotational compatibility- ,:;=&-a(Kb+2e)
a- s” (K, + Kb + 4Q)
Myz .M”
M;=+T, y 4 =+33 . .(28) and (29)
2
vs; = i”:2 + M;) _ H”’ tan a
x . . (XIV)
42
@E?d
Considering the directions of support reactions H:’ and
HI -1 H,” - Hf . . (32)
Proceeding in the same manner as in step 2, the support
*
reactions H, will in turn develop the joint moments
MZi given by
s 2
j,,/, = ,,,f:, = Hx Lc(rzaLb)
Mi2 = M; + M;;
joint moment Mz and the support reaction VI as v:, = v:, + v:, + v: . . (XvIll)
f” C’
shown in Fig 15. The support reactions V, = V,
are given by When d, is - ve, the direction of the joint moments M:
/” =
z
1=%4z
3
. . (33) and the support reactions y,:‘will be reversed.
JL Step g-balancing the imaginary support reactions at
Proceeding in the same manner as in step 4 the joint joints [Z] and [3] due to seconakry analysti: Considering
the direction of moment vectors and proceeding in the
moments Mz are given by
same manner as in step 2, the imaginary support reactions
R: at joints [2] and [3] are given by
12EKb 86 CQS Cc
+ -
Lb
(R: - R;,
therefore rs = 2 435)
My, = M; + M;
79
MARCH 1982
M,, = Mx,cos a - M,,sin a Total u.d.1. on landings, w,=6.00+5.00=11.00 KN/m*
Mfi = Mxi sin a + Mzicos a Sectional properties:
&z=zyb= (+‘r> X 1.50 X 0.20’ = o.~lfh14
H, = H,p+ H: h=&b = (A) X 0.20 X 1.50s= 0.05625m’
Yzi = KY+ v:, . s 1.50
For L = 0.20 = 7.5, 8 = 0.39775
The ha1 torsional and in-plane bending moments for Therefore, & = & = 0.30775 X 1.50 x 0.208 = 0.003693m”.
the flight element C, are given by Assuming half the width of the element C is efiective for the girder
section, thickness at centre of element C =(0.225+0.125)=. 175m
2
Mt21-2 = Myz - ‘?;;1-’ Therefore,
zxc = 0.75
@iz + My3 > (0.175’ + 0.175a x 0.225 + 0.175 x 0.225’ + 0.225)’
W3 -3’ = My3 - L x (s/2) X 48
= 0.0005078m4
Cn;,, + Mz3
J&-2 = .X2 - -L + (s/2) zzc~0.753x(0.175s+4x0.175x0.225+0.2252)=0 oo69946m4
36 x (0.175+0.225)
Cn;, + Mz3)
NW-3 = Mz3 - (L, x ($2) For SC = ;G5 = 3.75, 6 = 0.2903
therefore, JC = 0.2903 x 0.75 x 0.175’ = 0.00116687m4
i&m3 = Mt2~-2 cos a + Mf2-, sin u
- M,38-2 cos a + Mfrv3 sin a
Stress resultants:
M13 -2, -
From formulae (I)
Mfz--3, = M,zp-2stn a - M~~-z’~~~ U. LC = c+s=1.20+1.50=2.7Cm
Mf3c-2, = Mt3,-3 sin a - Mf3,-3 cos CC K a = O-~lO x 0.8944 =o oc@22g3m3
3.90
Kb=O.OOIO x 0.8944
Conclusions = 0.0002981m3
3.00
Normally the secondary stresses are very small compared E x 0.0002293 x 0.0002981 x 2.70 = o O003g54m3
to the primary stresses. In particular, when the end Q= (0.00116687 x 0.4E)
flights are equal or almost equal, and the ratio of the Ka + 2Q = 0.0002293 + 0.0003954 = 0.001020m3
length to the width of the intermediate flight is less than &+&+4Q = 0.0002293+0.0002981+0.0003954
2.5, the secondary stresses can be altogether neglected = 0.002109m3
for practical purposes. ~=14.10x1.50x3.90=82.485KN
wb=14.10x1.50x3.00=63.450KN
The method of analysis presented in this paper, is straight W=2x11.OOx1.50x1.50+13.35x1.50x1.20=73.53KN
forward and comprehensive. The mathematical calcula- W*La 82.485x3.90
tions are reduced to a minimum. All the assumptions = 26.8076KNm
-IT= 12
are well within the design accuracy. With the help of the WbLb 63.450x3.00
simplified formulae presented, a three-flight free standing = 15.8625KNm
12 = - 12
staircase with any flight lengths and loaded with any type wet 73.53x1.50
of loading, can be analysed without consuming much = 55.1475KNm
2= 2
time. The method may therefore be recommended for
general design office practice. &+,=0.5x - 1.5x1.2x(3.90 -3.00)
Acknowledgement
The author would like to express his gratitude and F2=~x(82.485+63.450)+73.53+(3)x73.53x g
sincere thanks to Mr Abel Qasem Ajaj, Director of
Design, Secretariat of Housing, Government of Libya, = 155.82938
for his encouragement to publish this paper. Thanks F,= 0.0002981x26.8076-0.0(302293x15.8625+0.001020
are also due to the authors’ colleagues, Mr D. V. S. 1
Sinha, M r Muhammed B a s i r C h a u d h r y a n d
Mr Muhammed Ahmed Mahmood for their help in
preparing the paper in its present form.
1
x73.53x 7 /0.002109 =28.73987
1.5 x (3.90 - 3.00) x 28.7387 x 1 26651
Hz =155.82938 - (3.90 x3 .OO)
Appendix = 120.42019KNm
Numericalexample-&a:& = 3.9Om;Lb = 3.OOm;c = 1.2Om;
s = 1.50m; t=l.SOm; &=&=0,20m; tancr=0.5; sina=O.4472; M-z2 =28.7387 - $+$$f$) x 120.42019 x 1.2 x 0.5
cosa=O. 8944; a=26.56’; It is assumed that the landings and the - 6.20884KNm
flight C are tapered in section having thickness of 0.225m at the
line of intersection and 0.125m at the free edge. ,The reinforce- MrI 182.485 x 7 - (-6’y84) = 43.31585KNm
ment tends to be concentrated towards the line of intersection
The total deadload of the tapered section is assumed to be
uniform for analyais purpose. <3 = 73.53 x ‘2 - 120.42019 x 1.2 x 0.5 -(-6.20884)
Loads on flights A and B, DLt9.70 kN/m*; LL=5.00 kN/m* = - 10.89.577KNm
Loads on flight C, DL-8.35 kN/ms; I&=5.00 KN/m* M; = 63.45 x T - (-“y) = 2g.x163KNrn
Loads on landings? DL=6.00 kN/m*; LL=5.00 KN/ma
v? _ 82.485 (-6.20884-43~31585) + 120 4201g x o 5
Laaak , 21 2 3.90
T$;&Tk, on flights A and B, wa = wb = 9.10 -I- 5.00 = = 114.15123KN
I’;, = 82.485 + 63.45 + 73.53 - 114.15123 = 105.31377ICN
Total u.d.1. on flight C, w~=8.35+5.00=13.35 KN/ma
1 3- (4Z.7) 1
x11.0x1.5x + +0.5x
[5.33099X(4.5623-2)X204.2666-(5.33099-2)x 120.867851
id,,, = - 6.14448 X 0.8944 + 113.95148 x 0.4472
= 45.4635KNm
(5.33099x4.5623-1
=51.1884KNm MP - 1.45755 x 0.4472 - 30.5527 x 0.8944
fz’-.3’ =
MARCH 1982
From formulae (XIV)
dz = 0
d = O ; H”=il; M;:O; Vz;=O
2224.9043 + 1663.8774
E _ ) x0.4472+(+
E Fro; form$ae (XV) and (XVI)
= 33.449”
b = 180”.-tan-’
(501.6278) *
(869.7029) _ 26.560
5.33099x(4.5623-2)x0.44244-(5.33099-2)x0.26179
= Ck. 11087KNm
(5.33099 x 4.5623 - 1) 1
-I
= -0.0422KNm
MS E - 0.1142KNm
!-!g?&(-O~) r3
M;, =3x0.0002293x553.2452x
v:, = 0.0795 - 0.0775 = 0.0019KN
= 0.1083KNm
=O.O795KN j$ =(-“~1142-o~5567)+(0.11087+0.1182)
3 3.00
VI, 30.26083~ 0.5 - -12x0.0002981
- (“*060~;~~0909) + 12x0.0002981 x 1001.904