Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 5
SUBVOYAGE 6
Underwater cruise experience
ANKORÉ 14
Provide refuge seekers
a safe passage
InterC 22
Start to explore the seas
MILLENIAL CRUISE 40
A ‘floating hostel’ experience
VENHO 66
Born out of water
EERO MIETTINEN
Professor, Design and International INTRODUCTION
Product Development
Department of Design
Aalto University School of Arts,
Design and Architecture The year 2017 Product Architecture Design master
module was done in collaboration with the program
eero.miettinen@aalto.fi of Naval Architecture in Aalto University School of
Engineering and with Meyer Yards Turku.
4 5
Underwater cruise experience
SUBVOYAGE
Jukka Jokinen
Heikki Konu
Janne Pärssinen
CONTEXT
In a world where cruising is
trivialized, adventurous people
are looking for more spectacular
experiences. Our planet has a
world of unexplored oceans.
Requisite technologies have been
there for decades, but underwater
experiences are yet to be
commercialised succesfully.
7
CONCEPT ACTIVITIES ON CRUISE
Subvoyage is the first of its kind
SUB DRONES
underwater cruise experience
which takes place on a semi-sub MINI SUB TOURS
cruise ship. It enables passengers
SUBVOYAGE
VESSEL SPECIFICATIONS
7 DAY CRUISE
GARDEN DOME
The dome is made out of Cosy garden with Iiving green
transparent solar panels which trees and plants, pools and
TOP GLASS LAYER
generate electricity for the needs recreation grounds is covered
of the vessel. under the dome.
ENCAPSULANT FILM
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
ENCAPSULANT FILM
BACKSHEET
10 11
SUBVOYAGE
CRUISE DESTINATIONS
Underwater explorations are
possible in clear water seas all
over the globe. Passengers are
able to spot strikingly beautiful
aquatic life, depths of the sea and
lost shipwrecks.
12
ANKORÉ Currently, non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) lend human-
itarian aid to people at risk of dying
Provide refuge seekers at sea, tricked to take dangerous
routes in overcrowded vessels
a safe passage and rafts not suited to withstand
ANKORÉ
15
PROJECT TITLE
17
THE ROOM OF SILENCE
The room of silence offers a calm
space for people to grieve. Individuals
and families can find support
in each other and ease the pain
caused by the traumatic experiences
ANKORÉ
18 19
GUIDEBOOK & GUIDEIMAGES
The rescued are given a Guide-
book, with their own languages,
and an educational session to
provide basic information for easy
settlement. Also, cultural facilita-
ANKORÉ
INFORMATION SYSTEM
The clear signage in the ship
navigate intuitionally the rescued
the place where they want to go.
Each pictogram and line has it
own colour and pattern, showing
direction. Everyone can recognise
a destination though a big picto-
gram and color line surrounding a
door without difficulty.
20
The travel application for using
InterC WHAT IS INTERC?
the InterC service gives user the
InterC is a comprehensive travel opportunity to book one’s travels
Start to explore the seas booking service, in which with and tailor the journey intuitively
one ticket it is possible to travel with various filters. The journey
with several cruisers to different can be customized based on
InterC
22 23
WHAT’S IN IT FOR THE USER? MAKE EVERY SECOND COUNT
time, and make every second of passengers don’t have to sit still,
their trip count. but can enjoy a variety of different
services. Intercruising allows the
EXPERIENCE A LOT IN A SHORT user to make the most of the time
TIME spent travelling between destina-
tions. In addition to current offer-
Users can see many different ings like sleeping, eating, drinking,
places, enjoy different types of watching movies or riding water
experiences, and if they so wish slides, intercruising ships will offer
become more established travel- a variety of previously non-exist-
ers (check things off their list) in a ing services - services that pre-
relatively short period of time. The pare the users for the destination.
intercruising ticket is purchased in Services like e.g. basic language
advance and after that users can courses, cultural education, his-
go anywhere with the ticket in the tory lessons or physical training
chosen area at anytime. programs will allow travelers to
use the time on the cruise ship to
FROM FULL SPONTANEITY TO enhance their experience at the
AN ORGANIZED PRE-PLANNED destination.
ADVENTURE – UP TO THE
TRAVELER
24 25
PRICING PACKAGES:
InterC
26 27
PLATFORM FLOW CHART OF
THE BOOKING MODE
InterC
28 29
NEXT STEPS / FURTHER discounted tickets to ferries and
DEVELOPMENT cruises. As we gradually grow our
network of ferries and cruising
The main challenge in starting a lines, the infrastructure will grow
business based on a network is until it supports the intercruising
getting the first companies and concept.
InterC
InterC
A comprehensive ticket system for intercruising the seas
30
CRUISING THE CULTURE CURRENT SITUATION &
PROBLEMS
various tailored services and activ-
ities based on destinations, we aim
“Travelers want to forge deeper to have the cruisers enjoy more
CRUISING THE CULTURE
Provide seamless experience connections to the people, tradi- meaningful time on a ship with the
tions and customs of the places overall understanding of local cul-
between sea and land they are visiting, and these ex- tures and lifestyle.
periences add a meaningful and
Soyeon Park Vili Holopainen memorable component to a va- OUR DESIGN MISSION
Xinyue Du Yen-Tsen Liu cation”- Terry Dale, CEO, USTOA “Modularize The Cultural Themes”
Yuvin Ha Although Terry has pointed out the In order to fulfill the goal, we would
critical concern of the travelers, change the cultural themes quickly
all activities on the current cruise and efficiently with a modular ap-
ships are almost the same despite proach so that we can make the
different destinations. In addition, transitions very effectively as well
the regular laytime at ports is be- as economically.
tween 6 to 12 hours, which is not
enough to fully experience the cul-
ture of destinations.
There is a huge potential to en-
hance the experience regarding
this situation. According to the
cruise travel report conducted by ATMOSPHERE
Cruise Lines International Associ-
ation(CLIA), people who choose
cruise vacations want to have the
CHINA
JAPAN
opportunities to see and do new
KOREA
things. Besides, they tend to use
more onboard entertainment even
though they regard it less impor-
tant before cruising. Moreover,
the majority of cruisers are looking
TAIWAN
TAIWAN
KOREA
KOREA
forward to grasping some ideas for
CHINA
JAPAN
their later trips to the destinations.
ACTIVITIES FOOD
CONCEPT & VALUE
By providing the seamless expe-
rience between sea and land with
32
KOREA
JAPAN
CHINA THE OUTLINE OF THE DESIGN is not related to the destinations.
PROPOSAL Moreover, it is perhaps no surprise
CRUISING THE CULTURE
Regarding the current condition of to see the solarium and the SPAs
TAIWAN
the ship, we found several things because they just work as it is as-
to be improved. The restaurants sumed to be.
offer the fixed menus to their cus- Based on the findings, the most
tomers during the entire period of effective three areas are selected
the trip. In addition, although there for design suggestion as shown in
are some learning activities de- the proposed deck plan below, and
signed for the children, the content represented next pages.
QUANTUM OF THE SEAS
DECK 14 FOOD
MARKET SQUARE
WELLNESS
POOL / HOT SPRING
34 35
CRUISING THE CULTURE
CULTURE PROMENADE
DECK 5
DESIGN
PROPOSAL 1 IMMERSIVE ZONE
DECK 5
DESIGN
PROPOSAL 2
The culture promenade is the road The immersive zone consisting of
on which travelers can feel the lo- an interactive way. Then, in a lobby two major areas allows people to
cal atmosphere surrounded by lo- area, they can admire local, mod- learn and experience local cultures
cal arts and events in various ways. ern installation arts while relaxing. in practice.
The road starts from the shore At the end of the road, people are In the culture lounge, cruisers can
excursion shop, the place where allowed to go further to immersive try local costumes and ritual activ-
cruisers are linked to the destina- zone. ities like tea ceremony.
REST AREAS
tions. The road leads people to the The multi-use cells next to the cul-
elevator zone, interactive tunnel, ture lounge can be used for work-
and lobby area in sequence. shops such as traditional crafting
Near the elevator, they can enjoy and as a rest space. The flexibility,
the seasonal events such as sky which is derived from simply pull-
lantern displayed on the screens. ing up and down the roller, has the
Next, under the interactive tunnel, spaces connected and divided.
they appreciate traditional arts in
WORKSHOP SPACE
MARKET SQUARE
DECK 14
DESIGN
PROPOSAL 3
The market square is the place
where cruisers can meet the local and type of food in the place are
food cultures throughout a day. changed between day and night.
While staying at ports, food suppli- In the daytime, people can have
ers get on board with local ingredi- various local street foods while en-
ents. They can easily open pop-up joying the local night culture dur-
restaurants by customizing food ing the night.
modules provided by the cruise
ship company. The atmosphere
Module C
Module B
Module A Soyeon Park soyeon.park@aalto.fi
Xinyue Du xinyue.du@aalto.fi
38
CONCEPT
MILLENIAL CRUISE INTRODUCTION
Based on our primary research The ship’s new layout will
we found that millennials, a encourage passengers to spend
A ‘floating hostel’ experience growing market with potential, time away from their sleeping
MILLENIAL CRUISE
Sleeping Area
Communal Space
Reference cruise - Pacific Princess
www.cruisecritic.com/pacific-princess-deck-plans/dp/
41
MILLENIAL CRUISE
COMMUNAL SPACE
Based on our concept, we want to
change the existing structure of
the public facilities on cruise ships SOCIAL EXPERIENCE
to better match the needs of our Multifunctional
In the open kitchen and dining They are also multifunctional
target group. communal space
area passengers can prepare spaces that can be adapted
their own meals and socialize. to different activities, and
We created an open space that Kitchen and dining area/
We’ve adapted this concept from passengers can choose their
would encourage socializing main communal space
the hostel travel trend, where preferred activities, such as a
and help build connections. travellers often share a kitchen movie night.
Rather than a traditional space of and spend time together. This also
separate floors or a grand lobby, means the need for services and We wanted to create a more cosy,
we created a space over several staff on board is reduced, helping casual feel than on the ‘luxurious’
open levels that feels like one to bring down costs. cruise ships on the market today,
large, open area. This modification as this idea of luxury often
creates a more open athmosphere The open levels are for casual doesn’t resonate with the millenial
on the cruise. socializing, inviting people to traveller. Instead we offer spaces
spend time with other passengers. with a relaxed, ‘living room’ feel.
43
Climbing | Handling luggage Browsing | Playing on computer
MILLENIAL CRUISE
Make Up Sleeping
44 45
MILLENIAL CRUISE
46
likely to work best with the staff
THINK OUTSIDE THE SHIP we can ensure differing service
experiences through the various partly brought aboard by the ser-
THINK OUTSIDE THE SHIP
48 49
So you want to bring your
service to a cruise ship?
THINK OUTSIDE THE SHIP
PROJECT TITLE
Bringing a land-based business on demand for small services in the CHOOSE POP-UP SPACE 1. CHOOSE THE SPACE
board of a cruise ship requires of lower decks. Different services will CATEGORY We have multiple pop-up
course careful planning from be- require completely different kinds spaces for you to choose
half of both the business and the of setups, but the spaces are Marketplace one the most suitable for
cruise company. By implementing categorized to suit most types of your business.
anticipated services. Food & Dining
a modular architecture for se- 2. BASIC DETAILS
lected spaces on their ships, the Wellness A summary of what your
For the purposes of feasibility
cruise company is enabled to sell business is about.
and logistics, the different types
space on board in a similar way to Hotel 3. ADDITIONAL DETAILS
of spaces have different length
how shopping malls operate. This The service particulars you
periods for renting. The longest
allows for much thorough chang- think we need to know
period will be available for home
es in the experience of the cruise before you start.
furniture / hotel businesses, who DEFINE SPACE SIZE
passenger. Taking a successful 4. FURNITURE/SETUP
will be able to change the interiors
service, and building a pop-up We have a large selection of
of a limited number of cabins. The
version onto a ship that brings furniture and props. Let us
shortest periods are reserved for
together residents from all over know what you need.
companies who can move in and 15 35 50 80 120
the country, and other nations as 5. ADVERTISING OPTIONS
out in a rapid pace.
well, will accelerate the growth of Choose the level of visibil-
the business and build a base of The types of services included in ity for your business in our
customers in a much larger area. the pop-up activity are hotel, well- campaigns.
ness, food & dining and market- 6. BILLING &
The visiting service provider will
place. Switching the services will CONTACT INFORMATION
gain knowledge on the number of
take place either during a short 7. SUMMARY
passengers and specific data the 50m2
stay in the harbor, a maintenance 8. WELCOME ONBOARD!
cruise company has on passenger
break or during cruise, according
spending within different demo-
to the level of service-specific
graphics and during different
infrastructure required.
seasons. The cruise company will
provide employees for busy hours,
and training will be given for the
service provider’s own employees
on safety and other sea-specific
areas.
50 51
Employee motivation for the fact that while a ship compa-
ny observed during our research
distinctive service experiences for
customers. The ship company’s
working with external service
THINK OUTSIDE THE SHIP
executes the job rotation, they staff gets training about the ser-
put emphasis on the foundational vice attitudes and different ser-
providers guidelines and instructions for the
whole department. In addition,
vice paths, which depend on the
possible service tasks and service
the concepts of services stay only point’s location on board. With
In our proposal, services from department. Sometimes the job
as superimposed, without care- this, their working time in the ship
outside providers would be treat- rotation might happen also across
fully tailored full service path and would include more diversity and
ed according to the category in departments or between ships,
service attitude of the personnel, change to learn more; the enthusi-
which they are planned to be. The but this is not standard in the in-
which would distinguish from the astic employees could take this as
service provider can either just dustry. As the interviewed person-
other services from the same cat- an opportunity for profound self
rent the space or also have part of nel managers noted, the job rota-
egory. An example of this would development, and as an alterna-
the service done by the ships per- tion increases wellbeing at work
be evening on a cruise ship in an tive way to climb up the ladder.
sonnel. Different pop-up services through more versatile working
a la carte Italian restaurant, where
rotate and change within each environment and having flexibility Since the working periods on sea
happens to be the same staff as
category to utilise the installation in tasks and service points in, for demand the ship’s personnel to
had been in the morning buffet,
and disassembly of service points. example, avoiding bad job ergo- stay on board for several days
without a change of neither in
Examples of what kind of pop-up nomics as much as possible. before having the same amount
their way of approaching custom-
services might be onboard are of vacation on land, they naturally
On the shady side of job rotation, ers, nor in their uniforms.
described below. spend their free time there as well.
it does not make the on-board
Our proposal takes in consider- Having constantly changing ser-
During our research, we found out services pop out from each oth-
ation both the more versatile and vices from outside entrepreneurs
that at least one cruise ship com- er. Moreover, it does make the
attractive experiences of cruising close to them would bring more
pany operating on Baltic sea has whole cruising program into a
customers, as well as the wellbe- variable opportunities for them to
their employees participating in flat, non-distinctive, and repet-
ing of ship company’s own per- enjoy and relax during their free
job rotation in their ships. In this itive service entity, which also
sonnel. For the employees this time.
case, the job rotation contains mirrors to the cruising experi-
means more variety on board,
mostly employees changing their ences of customers. The flatness
possibilities for self-development
service points within the same of the services is an outcome of
and a chance to provide more
Jewelry Acu- Flea Flying Äpy Tailor- Foot HELMET Reiki Cabin Phone Cobbler’s
Marketplace Store pressure Market Tiger sales shop Locker Library Treatment Choir Repair Workshop
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
52 53
Cruise program
THINK OUTSIDE THE SHIP
55
Conclusion
THINK OUTSIDE THE SHIP
The cruise ship industry is under would fit well in the thinking that
constant pressure to renew itself, is already prevalent in the indus-
but the ships themselves are built try. The result would be ships that
to last. By bringing fresh services are able to offer ever-changing
from land for limited periods, the experiences for passengers.
companies who operate in this
This course project is based on in-
field could give new services with
terviews of ship crew and officers
onboard experiences that would
from two major passenger ship
really differ from each other.
companies operating on the Baltic
This would benefit not only the sea, a review of a body of articles
companies and their passengers, on the cruise industry, and two
but also employees who would articles on modularity in services.
find new things to learn and do at
work every season.
56
LOTUS ISLAND - 水上蓮 THE CONCEPT
Lotus Island is a concept designed
PROBLEM AREA
According to the World Health
to respond to the overpopulation Organisation, over 70% of the
Building neighborhoods on the that coastal metropoli are facing world’s population will live in
LOTUS ISLAND
58 59
CIRCULAR ECONOMY: THE END EXPERIENCE – willing to compromise on living
LIFE OF CRUISE SHIPS Each ship can be customised to the space in order to live close to services
The NGO Shipbreaking Platform needs of different user segments and work in the city – may find the
has approximated that 1,250 in order to maximise their living floating neighborhoods an attractive
LOTUS ISLAND
cruise ships reached the end experience. A ship designed for option through which to conduct
of their service in 2012. Instead wealthier young professionals their lives.
of recycling or repurposing the may be refurbished to facilitate
ships, they are often ran ashore in high-end restaurants, a spa, and MODULARITY
developing countries in Southeast a small-scale cinema, whereas a Several ships can be used to 1. Basic structure of
floating island with cruise
Asia and broken down. Therefore, low-rent apartment ship would build larger neighborhoods by ships, plaza and docks
refurbishing the ships would be offer less services. connecting them with a floating
both a sustainable and economical plaza. This enables the developers
way to reimagine the future use of Based on the socio-economic with the possibility to vary the
these ships. architecture of the inhabitants architecture structure of the floating
of the floating neighborhoods, neighborhood based on the city
Repurposing the space inside the floating plazas can serve needs. In other words, the floating
ships can be done by renovating as platforms for a wide variety plaza functions as a platform around
the interiors and keeping the of services and businesses. For which the ships can be organised.
steel structure intact. A typical example, parks, entertainment
cruise ship has 90 000 m2 of air venues, services, and stores can PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE
conditioned area to . In a modern be constructed on the plazas. This The team defined product
2. Conceptual visualiza-
cruise ship, 80 % of the volume is way the plazas would become architecture as a plan based on tion of park-like plaza
used for hotel functions. Joining a physical forum for the cruise which functions of the concept are
cabins and moving inner walls can ship inhabitants’ interaction while assigned. The refurbished cruise
be done easily. If needed, the steel also helping them to feel like a ships serve as platforms to provide
structure can be altered to some community. housing. Many of the ship’s core
extent. Entrances can be cut to the functions, e.g. air conditioning and
hull to add more entrances, even TARGET AUDIENCE sewage systems, can be used as
close to the sea level, as the ship Repurposed cruise ships with small they are or with little changed. This
will not be in heavy water in the cabin designs might not facilitate enables the minimization of costs in
port. the needs of families. building the new neighborhoods.
However, young professionals
Logistical functions and services are
Leisure & Recreation Areas: taken care by private contractors. 3. Conceptual visuali-
zation of floating island
- Cafes & Restaurants
- Library in detail
- Gym & SPA
Business Areas:
The working infrastructure from the
- Offices
- Meeting rooms
ship is joined to the corresponding
- Working spaces
systems of Hong Kong. For
example, both the sewage and
Image 3: Concept visualization of customized ships
the power system of the floating connected by the floating communal plaza
60 61
addition, the ship’s water purifying In addition, the making of a services on the plaza. Similarly the
systems can be used to clean the floating neighborhood allows for decking can be covered with soil to
bay water from waste. the possibility, if needed, of taking grow a park.
it down in the future. This would
LOTUS ISLAND
Overall, much of the functions of possibly harm the ocean system REFURBISHMENT
the ships can be kept the same less than a more permanent By refurbishing the existing cabins,
while the floating plazas become structure would. costs can be kept low when
a chance to bring in new services recycling the ships. Some walls can
and business opportunities for the FLOATING MECHANISM be taken down in order to compile
neighborhood. With the use of The floating plaza is built on top of larger living solutions. The cheapest
plazas, the cities can expand the a pontoon platform. way to redo the ships would be to
floating neighborhood modularly maintain the original floor plan.
based on its unique needs. For example, the cabins could be
converted into apartments and
restaurants into cafes. With higher
investment, more radical solutions
could be executed. Based on the Image 7 & 8: Birdview of floating plaza and dock
needs and the available space of
Image 6: Pontoon platform
the city, different kinds of cruise BRIDGES AND DOCKS
ships could be refurbished and The ships are connected by
incorporated into the floating both upper floor level glass
To ensure safe logistics the neighborhoods. Because of the bridges and wooden docks to
platform is reinforced and clad with enormous surplus of old cruise ensure convenient people flow
a decking to distribute the weight ships, the city would enjoy many between different parts of the
of the load, so cars can be used options to expand over waters. neighbourhood. Wooden docks
to supply the ships. Lightweight connect the boats and the main
structures can be built on the plaza on ground floor level. This
Image 4 & 5: Two alternative compositions of platform to provide facilities for enables smooth ground floor traffic
modularity
62 63
Image 9: Visualization of the floating plaza and cruise ships
for the including services and metropoli to explore.
business in the neighbourhood.
The upper level bridges tie the SOCIAL BENEFIT
different ships to a tighter whole The floating island concept will
LOTUS ISLAND
64
VENHO
Born out of water
VENHO
66 67
FOCUS POINT – as both cultural and aesthetic cable mass-production methods STRUCTURE
The primary rationale behind Ven- element. and modular design. Indeed, our Venho’s hull and superstructure
ho is to introduce a novel cruising goal is to use the newest technol- are made out of steel, since this
concept as an alternative to a The use of wood could serve not ogy and top-of-the-line design in material provides durability and
market dominated by near-identi- only as a foundation for a unique combination with these traditional is therefore suitable for the chal-
cal experiences. We aim to create brand identity but most impor- materials. lenging marine environment. Also,
VENHO
an experience for the Baltic Sea, tantly as a way of providing more the structure of the boat needs to
one that is an exclusively Nordic sustainable alternative to conven- We found that there is a rich va- be reinforced because of the wave
experience down to its essentials. tional cruising today. We explored riety of wood available, the tradi- induced moment on the hull gird-
Everything, from the ship to the the use of wood as a shipbuilding tional kind in its natural state, as er. The interior and upper section
themes and destinations of the material of the past, as well as an well as wood further processed are mostly wooden or out of other
cruise, will be tailored to reflect upcoming material used in the into composites or products such wood-based materials.
the best of the Nordic mindset architecture of the present and as cross-laminated timber. The ↘
and culture, as opposed to the future. latter is well known and widely
generic kitsch luxury of normal used for its advantages such as
cruise ships and ferries sailing Finland as one of the Nordic providing a positive CO2 balance,
the Baltic today. countries and also our starting lightweight, insulating properties,
point has a long history of wood fire safety, easy assembly, struc-
SUSTAINABILITY REVOLUTION industry and shipbuilding and thus tural properties, indoor climate,
The goal is to create a wholly new provides the perfect background etc. and currently mainly used
paradigm for a different kind of with the needed knowledge and in the construction industry.
cruising, one that will support skills. Furthermore as the rest of
‘sustainable tourism’. Defined as the Nordic countries, it nourishes FORM EXPLORATION
“tourism that respects both local an environment that embraces By sketching we explored the ship
people and the traveller, cultural and applies the newest technol- construction and the use of alter-
heritage and the environment” ogies and principles, which pro- native means of propulsion such
this approach brings economic, mote the futuristic vision of green as wind power hybridized with
social and environmental pillars transportation and the personal- conventional engines. ↓
into balance in order to ensure ized well-being services.
sustainable development in the
long term [3]. Through our core WOOD AS A CONSTRUCTION
values: modularity, transparency MATERIAL
and cleantech we want to offer Today wooden ships are mostly
an alternative that is long-stand- rich people’s private ventures,
ing, authentic and recyclable. and it is the private yacht busi-
ness that pushes wooden ship
UNIQUE BRAND IDENTITY construction technology forward.
We seek to utilize ‘authentic’ Through the Venho concept, we
materials that are natural to the seek to usher in a renaissance
chosen area. When thinking about for wood as a commercially via-
the Nordic mindset and cultur- ble material in ship construction
al heritage, we think of wood thanks to the use of easily repli-
68
WOOD & FIRE SAFETY reduces the resistance working
One of the main issues we have on the ship’s hull 10-15%. As a re-
to deal with when introducing a sult this leads to a CO2 emissions
concept in which wood plays such reduction, along with significant
an essential role is the fire safety. savings of energy. ↓
The regulations on fire safety on a
VENHO
70
integrated cruising experience. Lucas Delaire lucas.delaire@aalto.fi
The Venho cruise ship also aims to
serve as an attractive destination Petteri Heinonen petteri.heinonen@aalto.fi
for residents of cities being visit-
ed over the course of the cruise. Lara Jasim lara.jasim@aalto.fi
While many of the cruise pas-
VENHO
Leaves
References
72
www.aalto.fi