12th Chemistry Answer Key For March 2018 Public Exam em

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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

e tet e tet e tet e tet
Q.NO
a ia.Ni.N ANSWER a ia.Ni.Q.NO
N ANSWER
a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
s as1lal Formaldehyde alal 16
s s s aslal
1-nitro 2 propanol
s aslal
a daada2 daada 17
Hydrolysedaonly a daada
protonation a daada ada
w .P.P
w ww
PP
glucose . .
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
wwww wwquinone wLarger
w halogen wwww wwww
3 p-benzo 18
4 ww
Low bp and low 19 ww hydrobenzene
solubility
5 Equal to kc 20 Less than 21 cal
/deg/mole
6 Ferric chloride 21 order
7 gel 22 Forms multi
tetSc +3 tet molecular layer tet tet
8 e e
23 glycine e e
9
a ia.Ni.N 3,4 a ia.Ni.24
N phenol
ai .Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal
10 c
s aslal 25 2
saslal s aslal
adaada 11 a
ada
ada 26 negative
ada
ada
a d
a
ada
a da
w .P.P
w
12
13
Partially
4 w w.P.P
ionised 27
28
3
ww
0.025.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
wwww 14
15 wwww
D block
Spontaneouse
29
30 wwww
promethium
Di ethyl ether wwww wwww
31.Define hybridisation.
The intermixing of the orbitals of an atom having nearly the same energy to give exactly
equivalent orbitals with same energy, identical shapes and symmetrical orientations in space.
tet tet tet
32.If the d(si – c) is 1.93 Å and r(Cl) is 0.99 Å, find the radius of carbon atom.
e e e e tet
Cl) – r(Cl)
a i .Ni.N
= 1.76 – 0.99
a a i.Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
s aslal aslal
Radius of carbon atom r(C) = 1.16Å
s s aslal s aslal
adaada a daada
33.Give / Write the uses of neon.
a daada
1. Neon is used in discharge tubes and fluorescent bulbs for advertisement display a daada a da
w .P.P
w purposes. w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
wwww wwww wwww wwww wwww
2. Mixed with helium, it is used to protect electrical instruments from high voltages.
3. It is also used in beacon lights for safety of air navigation as the light possesses fog and
storm-penetrating power.
4. Neon light is used in botanical gardens as it stimulates growth and helps the formation
of chlorophyll.
34.H3PO4 is triprotic / tribasic. Prove.
H3PO4 reacts with alkalis like NaOH to give three types of salts.
e tet + NaOH → NaH2PO4

H3PO4
e tet + H2O e tet e tet
a ia.Ni.N a a.Ni.N phosphate aia.Ni.N
Sodium dihydrogen
i a ia.Ni.N
s aslal H3PO4 + 2NaOH → saslNa2HPO4
al s as
lal
s as
lal
d ada d ada + 2H2O
daada daada da
a a a
Disodium a hydrogen phosphate a a a
w .P.P
w ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P w .P.P
w
wwww ww+w3NaOH → Na3PO4
H3PO4 w
w ww
+ 3H2O
w
Sodium phosphate (TSP)
wwww wwww
Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

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dot
a ia.Nstructure:
i .N a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
s aslal s aslal s aslal s aslal
a daada a daada a daada a daada ada
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
35. Why do transition elements form complexes? Or d-block elements form complexes
compounds. Why?
1. Small size and high positive charge density.
2. Presence of vacant (n – 1) d orbitals which are of appropriate energy to accept lone pair
e tet etet
and unshared pair of electrons from the ligands for bonding with them.e tet e tet
i .Ni.N i .Ni.N
36. How will you covert potassium chromate to potassium di chromate
a a a a ai .Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal aslal aslal
When solid potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is dissolved in water the resulting solution is
s s s aslal
daada daada daada daada
orange. The dichromate ion in aqueous solution is in equilibrium with the chromate ion, and
a a a a a da
ww.P.P this can be shownwwith w.P.Pthe w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w
wwww 37.Determine thewww w
average life of U238 having wwwt1/2
w www period of
= 140 days. Or Thewhalf-life wwww
U238 is 140 days. Calculate the average life time.
Half-life, t½ = 140 days
Average life, τ (Tau) = ?
t½ = 0.693 / λ
t½ = 0.693 x τ [Since, Average life, τ (Tau) = 1 / λ
τ = t½ / 0.693
tet tet tet tet
e= 140 / 0.693 e e e
a i .Ni.N
Average life = 202.02 days
a a i.Ni.N
aslal aslal
38.What is meant by super conducting transition temperature?
s s s aslal s aslal
adaada a daada a daada
Super conducting transition temperature ‘Tc’ of a material is defined as a critical
temperature at which the resistivity of the material is suddenly changed to zero. a daada a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
39.Reff solved some thermodynamics
40. What is reaction quotient. How is it related to equilibrium constant?

The ratio of the product of initial concentrations of products to the product of initial
concentrations of reactants under non-equilibrium conditions.
Reaction quotient Q is related to Equilibrium constant K as: When,
Q < K, more of product is formed. Forward reaction is favoured
Q > K, more of reactant is formed. Reverse reaction is favoured.
e tet
Q = K, equilibrium is attained. e tet e tet e tet
a i .Ni.N i .Ni.N i.Ni.N
These aspects will hold good only when Q and Kc are under the same conditions of
a a a a a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal
temperature and pressure.
saslal s aslal s aslal
41. Find out type of complex reaction
a a a a a da
ww.P.P i.Consecutive ii parallel ww.P.P iii opposing reactionww.P.P ww.P.P w .P.P
w
wwww 42. Discuss the characteristics
wwww wwwreaction.
of a first order w wwww wwww


1. When
a ia.Ni.N the concentration ofaiathe
.Ni.Nreactant is increased abyia.Ni‘n’.N times, the rate of reaction
a ia.Ni.N
s asisislaalso
l increased by n times.alaThat
s s
l is, if the concentration
s as
laofl the reactant is doubled,athe
s s
lal rate
d ada doubled. daada of a first order reaction daadais sec–1 or time–1. adaada da
a a a
2. The unit of rate constant a a
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w w.P.P w .P.P
w ww.P.P
wwww wwww w ww
w ww
3. The time required to complete a definite fraction of reaction is independent of the
ww wwww
initial concentration of the reactant.
If t1/u is the time of one ‘u’ th fraction of reaction to take place then from equation
k1 = 2.303/ t log a / a – x,
e tet etet e tet e tet

a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N ai .Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal s aslal saslal s aslal
adaadaSince k1 = rate constant, adaadt1/u
a
a d
a
initial
ada
concentration ‘a a d
a
ada
a da
ww.P.P w .P.P
w
is independent of
w .P.P
w w w.P.P w .P.P
w
wwww 43. What isThe wwww
(meant by) Tyndall effect?
scattering www is called Tyndall w
of light by the solwparticles www
effect. wwww
Reason:
Sol particles absorb light energy and then emit it in all directions
44. What is the indicator using titration of sodium hydroxide and oxalic acid
Indictor : Methyl orange because strong base and weak acid
45.What is racemic mixture?

e tet e tet e tet
When equal amounts of (+) or dextrorotatory or d-isomer and (–) or laevorotatory orl- e tet
i .Ni.N i.Ni.N i .Ni.N
isomer are mixed we get a ‘‘racemic mixture’’ or (±) – mixture or dl – mixture and this
a a a a a a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal aslal
process is called racemisation.
s s aslal s aslal
adaad46.
a
Complete the reactiona daadand
a daada
give a name of theareaction a daada a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P Name : de hydration
Product: Ethene
w ww.Pof.Palcohol because alumina w .P.isP dehydrating
w w .P.P
w
wwww wwwwand benzaldehyde give wwwCannizzaro
w www wwww
agent
47. Formaldehyde reaction butwacetaldehyde does
not account for this?
Formaldehyde and Benzaldehyde undergoes Cannizaro reaction because of
theabsence of α -hydrogen. It involves self oxidation and reduction of formaldehyde and
benzaldehyde when heated with concentrated NaOH. NaOH
C6H5CHO + C6H5CHO → C6H5COONa + C6H5CH2OH
e te t NaOH
e tet e tet e tet
HCHO + HCHO → HCOONa + CH3OH
a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N a i.Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal saslal s aslal s aslal
a daada a daada adaada a daada a da
w .P.P 48.How will you wprepare
w w.P.P malachite green ww.P.P ww.P.P w .P.P
w


a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
49. What is trans-esterification?

In presence of a little acid, methyl acetate is cleaved by ethyl alcohol to form
ethyl acetate.This reaction is called trans-esterification.
H+
CH3COOCH3e te t + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 etet + CH3OH e tet e tet
i .Ni.N A,B,C
50.Identifyacompound
a a ia.Ni.N ai .Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
aslal b.Aniline c.
a.Benzamide
s s aslal saslal s aslal
adaada adaada adaada a daada a da
ww.P.P chromophore ,chromogen
51.Write ww.P.P , oxo chrome in para ww
P.P azo benzene .P.P
.hydroxyl w w w .P.P
w
wwww i. Chromophore:wazo www wwww wwww wwww
ii. Chromogen : di phenyl
iii. Auxochrome: hydroxy
MARCH 2018 KEY ANSWER CHEMISTRY 5 MARKS

52. Explain the formation of O2 / oxygen molecule using molecular orbital theory.
e tet e tet e tet
1. The electronic configuration of oxygen atom (Z = 8) in the ground state is 1s22s22p4. e tet
i .Ni.N i.Ni.N i .Ni.N
Each oxygen atom has 8 electrons, hence, in O2 molecule there are 16 electrons.
s aslal saslal
2. The electronic configuration of O2 is:
s aslal
O2: KK (σ2s)2 (σ*2s)2 (σ2pz)2 (π2px)2 = (π2py)2 (π*2px)1 = (π*2py)1 s aslal
adaada daada daada
Here (σ1s)2 (σ*1s)2 part of the configuration is abbreviated as KK.
a a a daada a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
3. The molecular orbital energy level diagram of O2 molecule is:
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w

a a ia.Ni.N
w .P.P
w


a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P

a a ia.Ni.N
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
4. The bond order of O2 can be calculated as follows:
Nb = 8 and Na = 4
Bond order = Nb - Na/ 2
= 8 - 4 / 2 =2
5. Nature of bond: A bond order of 2 means that a double bond is present in a molecule of
oxygen.
6. Paramagnetic nature: Since two electrons in oxygen [(π*2px) & (π*2py)] are
a ia.Ni.N a i.Ni.N
a
unpaired,it is paramagnetic in nature a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
s aslal saslal s aslal
53. Explain the extraction of Zinc from its chief ore. Or How is zinc extracted from its chief s aslal
adaada ore?
a daada a daada a daada a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
Extraction of Zinc from Zinc blende
w
1. Concentration: Froth-floatation process. ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
wwww 2. Roasting
wwww wwww wwww
The concentrated ore is then roasted in the presence of excess of air at about 1200 K. wwww
Δ
2 ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2
3. Reduction
Zinc oxide is mixed with powdered coke and heated to 1673 K in a fire clay retort, in
which ZnO is reduced to zinc metal.
e tet
1673K
ZnO + C → Zn + CO e tet e tet e tet
i .Ni.N
4. Electrolytic refining
a a a ia.Ni.N a i.Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal
Anode - Impure Zinc
saslal s aslal s aslal
a daada Cathode - Pure Zinc
a daada adaada a daada
Electrolyte - ZnSO4 solution containing a little of dil.H2SO4. On passing electric current, a da
w .P.P
w ww.P.P
pure zinc get deposited at the cathode.
ww.P.P ww.P.P w .P.P
w
54. Write the uses of Lanthanides and Actinides.
Use of lanthanides


1. A
a ia.Nipyrophoric
.N i
alloy which contains
a a.Ni.N cerium, lanthanum and a ia.NiNeodymium;
.N iron; aluminium;
a ia.Ni.N
lal carbon and siliconaislaused
ascalcium, l in cigarette lighters,atoys,lal flame throwing tanks and a laltracer
s
adabullets. s s s s s s
a d
a 2. Ceria (CeO2) and thoriaa daada(ThO2) are used in gasalampdaada materials. a daada ada
w .P.P 3. Cerium salts arewwused
w .P.P in dyeing cotton, leadwstorage
.P.P batteries and as catalyst.
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
ww w 4. Lanthanides w w
are w w
used in metallothermic reactions
ww - thermic processeswcan
property. Lanthanido w yield sufficiently pure Nb, ww
wwZr, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, wwww
due to their extraordinary reducing
Y, W, U, B and Si.
5. Alloys of Lanthanides are known as mish - metals .The major constituents of mish-metals
are Ce(45-50%), La(25%), Nd(5%) and small quantities of other lanthanide metals and Fe
and Ca impurities. Mish-metals are used for the production of brands of steel like heat
resistant, stainless and instrumental steels. Mg- alloys containing 30% mishmetal and 1% Zr
are useful in making parts of jet engines.
e tet
Uses of Actinides etet e tet e tet
i .Ni.N i .Ni.N i .Ni.N
1. U-235 is fissionable, it is used as fuel in nuclear power plants and as a component in
s aslal
nuclear weapons.
2. Plutonium - 238 is used as a power source in long mission space probes
a a a a a da
w .P.P 55. For the complexw[Ni(PPh)
w .P.P 2 Cl2] mention a)ww
w .P.P b) Central metal wionw.P.Pc) Ligand
Name
w .P.P
w
d) Co–ordination number e) Geometry
w
ww w a) Name wwww wwww di chloro nickel wwww
Bis di pheny phosphine wwww
b) Central metal ion nickel
c) Ligand pph3 and cl
d) Co–ordination number 6
e) Geometry octahedral
SEC –B
56.Give / State / Write the various statements of second law of thermodynamics.
tet tet
1. Kelvin – Planck statement of II law of thermodynamics
e e e tet e tet
a a.Ni.N a .Ni.N
a a a.Ni.N
It is impossible to construct an engine which operated in a complete cycle will absorb heat
i i i a ia.Ni.N
aslal aslal aslal aslal
from a single body and convert it completely to work without leaving some changes in the
s working system. s s s
adaada daada
2. Clausius statement of II law of thermodynamics
a a daada a daada a da
w .P.P
w some work. w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
It is impossible to transfer heat from a cold body to a hot body by a machine without doing
w w .P.P
w
wwww wwww wwww
3. Entropy statement of II law of thermodynamics
A process accompanied by increase in entropy tends to be spontaneous.
wwww wwww
4. Efficiency of a machine can never be cent percent.
5. The heat Efficiency of any machine is given by the value of ratio of output to input
energies. Output can be in the form of any measurable energy or temperature change while
input can be in the form of heat energy or fuel amount which can be converted to heat energy.
Thus, % efficiency = [ output / input ] x 100
tet tet
57.Derive the relation Kp = Kc(RT)Δng for a general chemical equilibrium
e e e tet e tet
a a.Ni.N a a.Ni.N a .Ni.N
reaction. OrDerive a relation between (equilibrium constant) Kp and Kc.
i i ia
Consider a general chemical equilibrium reaction in which the reactants and products are in a ia.Ni.N
s aslal
gaseous phases, saslal s aslal s aslal
a daadaaA + bB + cC + .... ⇌ alLdaad+amM + nN + ... adaada a daada a da
w .P.P Then,
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P ww.P.P w .P.P
w
w
ww w Kp = pLl pMm w
Where,
pNwn ... / pAa pBb pCc ...
ww wwww wwww wwww
p is the partial pressure of the respective gases.


i .Ni.N of molar concentrations
In terms
a a a ia.Niof.Nreactants and productsaia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
lal = [L]l [M]m [N]n ... / [A]a
asKc a lal[B]b [C]c ... a lal a lal
s
adaFor any gaseous component s s
ada ‘i’ in a mixture, its partial s s s s
adapressure ‘pi’ is related toditsadamolar
a d
a concentration ‘Ci’ as Ci a d
a = pi / RT a d
a a a ada
w .P.P Since
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
wwww
pi = (ni / V) RTww
Where, ww wwww wwww wwww
(ni / V) = Ci = Number of moles of i per litre. V = Volume in litres.
Substituting concentration terms by partial pressures,
Kc = (pL/RT)l (pM/RT)m (pN/RT)n / (pA/RT)a (pB/RT)b (pC/RT)c
= pLl x pMm x pNn / pAa x pBb x pCc X (1/RT)(l + m + n + …) – (a + b + c + …)
e tet
Kc = Kp / (RT)Δng etet e tet e tet
Or
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal
Kp = Kc (RT)Δng
Where,
a Δng = (l + m + n + …) – (a + b + c + …)
a a a a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
Δng = Total number of stoichiometric moles of gaseous products, np – (Minus)
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
Total number of stoichiometric moles of gaseous reactants, nr.
wwww wwww wwww wwww
58. Explain the experimental determination of rate constant for the decomposition of wwww
hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions.
Pt
H2O2 → H2O + ½O2
The decomposition of H2O2 in aqueous medium in the presence of Pt catalyst follows a first
order reaction. The progress of the reaction is followed by titrating equal volumes of the
reaction mixture at regular time intervals against standard KMnO4 solution.
e tet e tet e tet
Since volume of KMnO4 used in the titration is a measure of concentration of undecomposed e tet
a a.Ni.N a .Ni.N
a a a.Ni.N
H2O2, volume of KMnO4 consumed at t = 0 is ‘Vo’ which is proportional to ‘a’, the initial
i i i a ia.Ni.N
aslal aslal aslal aslal
concentration of H2O2.
s s s
Vt is the volume of KMnO4 consumed after time‘t’ of the reaction. Vt is proportional to s
adaada daada
unreacted H2O2 which is similar to (a – x).
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
interval‘t’. The first order rate constant ‘k1’ of the reaction is, w .P.P
Similarly (Vo - Vt) is proportional to ‘x’; the concentration of H2O2 reacted in time
w w .P.P
w
wwww wwww
k1 = 2.303/ t log Vo / Vt sec–1. wwww wwww
59. Calculate the standard e.m.f and standard free energy change of the following cell:
wwww
Zn | Zn2+ || Cu2+ | Cu E°Zn2+/ Zn = – 0.762 V, E°Cu2+/ Cu = + 0.337 V.
Eocell = EoR – EoL
= + 0.337 – (– 0.762)
= + 1.099 V
Eocell is + ve. ∴ ΔGo = – ve.
e tet
∴ ΔGo = – n FEocell e tet e tet e tet
a ia.Ni.N
n = 2 electrons a ia.Ni.N a i.Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s as∴laΔGo
l
s
= – 2 x 96495 x 1.099aslal s aslal s aslal
a daada a daada
= – 212096 Joules adaada a daada a da
w .P.P
w ww
P.P
= – 212.096.kJ.
w
w
ww w 60.Give any twowmethods www www
Sec-c
of preparation ofwanisole wwww wwww


a ia.Ni.N
1. Williamson’s synthesis: When
a ia.Ni.Nsodium phenoxide is heated
a ia.Ni.Nwith methyl iodide anisole
a ia.Ni.N
s asislaobtained.
l
s aslal s aslal s aslal
d adaC6H5ONa + I– CH3→dadC6H5 a – O – CH3 + NaI dada dada da
a a 2. Using diazomethane: a a a
Phenol reacts with diazomethanea gives anisole. a a a
w .P.P C6H5 – O – H + CH2
w w .P.P– N2 → C6H5 – O – CH3
w ww.P+.PN2 w .P.P
w ww.P.P
wwww wwww in presence of sodiumwwwhydroxide.
w on large scale by wreacting www wwww
3. Manufacture of ether: Anisole is manufactured phenol with
dimethyl sulphate
NaOH
C6H5OH + (CH3)2SO4 → C6H5– O– CH3 + CH3.HSO4
61.Explain / Give the mechanism for Claisen Or Claisen-Schmidt reaction.
Claisen or Claisen-Schmidt reaction: Benzaldehyde reacts with aliphatic aldehydes or
ketones in presence of NaOH forming a, β - unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.
NaOH
e tet etet
C6H5 – CHO + CH3 – CHO → C6H5 – CH = CH – CHO + H2O e tet e tet
a ia.Ni.N
Similarly,
a ia.Ni.N
NaOH
ai .Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal aslal
C6H5 – CHO + CH3 – CO – CH3 → C6H5 – CH = CH – CO – CH3 + H2O
s saslal s aslal
adaada Mechanism:
adaada adaada a daada
The carbanion formed from acetaldehyde or acetone brings forth a nucleophilic attack on the a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
carbonyl carbon of Benzaldehyde. The aldol type of product undergoes β-elimination (of
w w .P.P
w
water).
Step 1: The carbanion is formed as the a-hydrogen atom is removed as a proton by the base.
Step 2: The carbanion (Nucleophile) attacks the carbonyl carbon of Benzaldehyde.

a ia.Ni.N a i.Ni.N
lal 3: β-elimination of water.
asStep aslal aslal aslal
s s s s
adaada a daada a daada a daada a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
62. Discuss the isomerism exhibited by carboxylic acid.
1. Chain isomerism:
This arises due to the difference in the carbon chain of alkyl group attached to carboxyl
group.
CH3
e tet e tet |
e tet e tet
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – COOH CH3 – CH – CH2 – COOH
a ia.Ni.N
Pentanoic acid a ia.Ni.N a
3-Methyl butanoic acid i.Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal
2. Functional isomerism: saslal s aslal s aslal
a daada daada
Carboxylic acids may be functional isomers of esters.
a adaada a daada a da
w .P.P
w
CH3 – CH2 – COOH
Propanoic acid ww.P.P and CH3 – COOCH3
Methyl acetateww.P.P H – COOC2H5
Ethyl formate ww.P.P w .P.P
w


i .Ni.N briefly on (characteristics
63.Explain
a a a ia.Ni.N of) rocket propellants.
a ia.Ni.NOr Write a note on Rocket
a ia.Ni.N
lal
aspropellants. a lal a lal a lal
s
ada1. Rocket motors are used s s
adboth s s s s
a in space vehicles anddadinaoffensive weapons suchdasadamissiles.
a d
a The propulsion systemain d
a a
most space vehicles consists a of rocket engines powereda a by ada
w .P.P chemical propellants.
w w .P.PThese also called rocket
w ww.Ppropellants.
.P w .P.P
w ww.P.P
w
ww w 2. Propellants w
to release large
w
are combustible compounds wwwhich on ignition undergo
wwquantities of hot gases. wAwpropellant is a combination ww
wwof an oxidiser and wwww
rapid combustion
afuel.
Working of a propellant:
When a propellant is ignited, it burns to produce a large quantity of hot gases. These gases
then come out through the nozzle of the rocket motor. The passage of gases through the
nozzle of the rocket motor, provides the necessary thrust for the rocket to move forward
according to the Newton’s Third law of Motion (to every action, there is an equal and
e tet
opposite reaction). etet e tet e tet
i .Ni.N
Examples:
a a a ia.Ni.N ai .Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal aslal
Hydrazine, Liquid hydrogen, Polyurethane, etc.
s saslal s aslal
ww.P.P w .P.P
w
MARCH.P
w w .P 10 MARK
2018
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
wwww 64(a)1. Atomic Explain the w
size
wvarious
w w factors that affect www/ w
influence electron affinity.wwww wwww
Electron affinity α 1 / Size of atom
Smaller the size of an atom, greater is its electron affinity. As the size of atom increases, the
effective nuclear charge decreases or the nuclear attraction for adding electron decreases.
Consequently, atom will have less tendency to attract additional electron towards itself.
Therefore, Electron affinity α Effective nuclear charge.
tet tet tet
In general, electron affinity decreases in going down the group and increases in going
e e e e tet
a a.Ni.N a .Ni.N
a
on going from left to right in a period atomic size decreases. a a.Ni.N
from left to right across the period. On moving down the group atomic size increases and
i i i a ia.Ni.N
s aslal saslal
2. Shielding or Screening Effect s aslal s aslal
adaada daada
Electron affinity α 1 / Shielding effect
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
attraction for incoming electron. ww.P.P w .P.P
Electronic energy state, lying between nucleus and outermost state hinder the nuclear
w w .P.P
w
wwww wwww wwww wwww
Therefore, greater the number of inner lying state less will be the electron affinity.
3. Electronic Configuration - The electronic configurations of elements influence their wwww
electron affinities to a considerable extent.
2np6 configuration in their valence shell and there is no possibility for addition of an
extra electron.
Completely / half filled or stable electronic configuration leads to zero or low electron
affinity.
tet tet tet
Electron affinities of inert gases are zero. This is because their atoms have stable ns
e e e e tet
.Ni.N .Ni.N
(b) How is fluorine isolated from their fluorides by Dennis method?
i i i.Ni.N
In Dennis’ Method fluorine is prepared by the electrolysis of fused sodium or potassium
s aslal aslal aslal
hydrogen fluoride (perfectly dry). Electrolysis is carried out between graphite electrodes in
s s s aslal
a daada a daada adaada a daada
a V-shaped electrically heated copper tube. The ends of the tube are covered with copper caps
a da
w .P.P
w ww.P.P
lagged to prevent loss of heat. ww.P.P ww.P.P
into which the graphite electrodes are fixed with bakelite cement. The copper tube is thickly
w .P.P
w
wwww KHF2 → KF + HF
wwww wwww wwww wwww
HF → H+ + F¯


2H+a ia.Ni+.N2e– → H2 (At cathode) a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
s as2Flal– – 2e– → F2 (Atsanode) aslal s aslal s aslal
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P

a ia.Ni.N liberated at the anodeaiisa.Nipassed
.NPreparation of fluorine .N.N
ai a i a ia
Ni.N
.This
lal the hydrogen fluoride
Fluorine
asremoves aslalvapours coming with fluorine.
through the
aslal
U-tube containing sodium
aslal
fluoride.
s s s s
adaadaNaF + HF →NaHF2 adaada a daada a daada a da
w .P.P 65 (a) Explain hydrate
w w .P.and
w
P linkage isomerisms with
ww.P.P suitable examples. ww.P.P ww.P.P
w w Hydrate isomerism w wor Solvate isomerism ww
ww The best known w w
examples ww occurs for chromiumwchloride
of this type of isomerism www CrCl3.6H2O” wwww
which may contain 4, 5, (or) 6 coordinated water molecules.
1. [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O - Bright green
2. [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O - grey-green
3. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 - Violet
These isomers have very different chemical properties and on reaction with AgNO3 to test for
Cl- ions, would find 1,2, and 3 Cl- ions in solution respectively.
e tet
Linkage isomerism e tet e tet e tet
a a.Ni.N a .Ni.N
a a a.Ni.N
Linkage isomerism occurs with ambidentate ligands. These ligands are capable of coordinating
i i i a ia.Ni.N
s aslal
and NO2-/ONO- saslal s aslal
in more than one way. The best known cases involve the monodentate ligandsSCN-/NCS-
s aslal
adaada
Example: a daada a daada a daada a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P
[Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl2 the nitrito isomer - O attached - red colour
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
[Co(NH3)5 NO2]Cl2 the nitro isomer - N attached - yellow colour
wwww wwww wwww wwww
(b). Mention the use of radio isotopes in the field of a) study of hydrolysis of ester, b)
mechanism of photosynthesis in plants.
wwww
a) Study of hydrolysis of ester
By labelling oxygen, the mechanism of ester hydrolysis can be studied by using water
labelled with O18. The hydrolysis of an ester by water enriched with radioactive oxygen is
indicated as:

a a ia.Ni.N
w .P.P above mechanism.ww.P.P
w
Therefore it is the acid and not alcohol
ww.P.P
produced which is radioactive .P.P
confirming
w w
the
w .P.P
w
wwww b) Mechanismw
wwofwphotosynthesis in plants wwww wwww wwww


i .Ni.Nquantity of Radioactive
A small
a a a ia
Ni.N containing radioactive
.C*O2 a ia.Ni.oxygen
N O18 is mixed withi.Ni.N
a lal carbondioxide andathe
ordinary lal process is carried out. Itahas lal been found that oxygenagas laala
d adsasevolved along with sugardadformation
sas is non-radioactive.
d adsaTherefore
s adsas from
O2 produced comes
d da
a a a a
water and not from carbondioxide. a
So the correct amechanism is as follows. a a a
ww.P.P w .P.P
w ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P
wwww 66 (a) Write thewproperties www of ionic crystals.wwww wwww wwww
1. The heats of vapourisation of ionic crystals are high.
2. The vapour pressure of ionic crystals at ordinary temperature are very low.
3. The melting and boiling points of ionic crystals are very high.
4. Ionic crystals are hard and brittle.
5. Ionic crystals are insulators in the solid state.
tet tet
6. Ionic crystals are soluble in water and also in other polar solvents.
e e e tet e tet
a a.Ni.N a a.Ni.N
7. Ionic solids are good conductors when dissolved in water
i i ai .Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
lal briefly about the adsorption
asWrite aslal aslal aslal
s
(b). s s
theory of catalysis. s
adaadaThis theory explains the
ada
admechanism
a d ada catalysis. Here, the catalyst
of heterogeneous
a a a d
a
ada
a da
w .P.P
w
functions by
w .P.P
adsorption
w
of the reacting
w .P.P
molecules
w
on its surface.
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
Adsorption
In general, there are four steps involved in the heterogeneous catalysis.
Catalyst
tet
A(g) + B(g) → C(g) + D(g)
e e tet e tet e tet
a a.Ni.N a .Ni.N
Step - 1 Adsorption of reactant molecules
i ia a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
s aslal saslal
by weak vanderwaal’s forces or by partial chemical bonds. s aslal
The reactant molecules A and B strike the surface of the catalyst. They are held at the surface
s aslal
adaada a daada
Step - 2 Formation of Activated complex a daada a daada a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
The particles of the reactants adjacent to one another join to form an intermediate complex (A
w w .P.P
w
- B). The activated complex is unstable.
wwww wwww
Step - 3 Decomposition of Activated complex wwww wwww
The activated complex breaks to form the products C and D. The separated particles of the
wwww
products hold to the catalyst surface by partial chemical bonds.
Step - 4 Desorption of Products
The particles of the products are desorbed or released from the surface.
67 (a) What are the evidences in favour of Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation?
1. The enthalpy of neutralisation of strong acid by strong base is a constant value and is
tet
equal to – 57.32 kJ. gm. equiv-1 because
e e tet e tet e tet
a a.Ni.N a a.Ni.N
OH– ions respectively along with the counter ions. a .Ni.N
a) Strong acids and strong bases are completely ionised in water and produce H+ and
i i ia a ia.Ni.N
b) The net reaction in the acid-base neutralisation is the formation of water from s aslal
a daada H+ and OH– ions.
a daada adaada a daada a da
w .P.P
w ww.P.P
H+ + OH– → H2O; ΔHro = – 57.32 kJ.mol-1.
w
2. The colour of certain salts or their solution is due to the ions present.
wwww wwww wwww wwww
For example, copper sulphate is blue due to Cu2+ ions. Nickel salts are green due to wwww
Ni2+ ions. Metallic chromates are yellow due to CrO42– ions.


i .Ni.N dilution law, common
3. Ostwald’s
a a a ia.Ni.N ion effect and solubilitya ia.Ni.Nproduct and other sucha ia.Ni.N
lal
asconcepts a
are based on Arrheniuslal theory. a lal a lal
s
ada4. Chemical reactions dbetween s s
ada electrolytes are almost s s
ada ionic reactions. This dada s s
a d
a a a
is becausethese are essentially the reaction between a d
aoppositely charged ions. a a ada
w .P.P For example, Ag+ww+.PCl–
w .P → AgCl ↓ w w.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P
wwww 5. Electrolytic w
the presencew
w
solutions conduct current w
ofwelectric field. wwduew to the presence of ions wwwwhich
w migrate in wwww
6. Colligative properties depend on the number of particles present in the
solution.Electrolytic solution has abnormal colligative properties.
For example, 0.1 molal solution of NaCl has elevation of boiling point about twice that of 0.1
molal solution of non-electrolyte.
e tet
(b) Derive Nernst equation (of reversible cell.)
etet e
The reaction occurring in a reversible cell is represented by the equation
tet e tet
a a ia.Ni.N
s asAla+l B ⇌ C + D s aslal saslal s aslal
adaadaThe– ΔG = – ΔGo – RT ln adaJada – ΔG, accompanyingathe
decrease in free energy,
daadprocess
a is given by dada
a a a da
w .P.P Where,
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P
wwww ww in free energy accompanying ww the same processwwhen ww all the reactants wwww
– ΔGo is the decrease
ww ww
and products are in their standard states of unit activity. w
J stands for the reaction quotient of the activities of the products and reactants at any given
stage of the reaction.
Substituting the value of J, we have
– ΔG = – ΔGo – RT ln aC x aD / aA x aB
If E is the E.M.F. of the cell in volts and the cell reaction involves the passage of ‘n’ faradays
i.e., nF coulombs, the electrical work done by the cell is in nFE volt-coulombs or Joules.
e tet e tet e
Hence free energy decrease of the system, – ΔG, is given by the expression
tet e tet
i .Ni.N
– ΔG = nFE
a a a i.Ni.N
s aslal aslal
nFE = – ΔGo – RT ln aC x aD / aA x aB
s s aslal s aslal
adaada a daada
= nFEo – RT ln aC x aD / aA x aB
a daada
E = Eo – RT / nF ln aC x aD / aA x aB is known as the Nernst equation a daada a da
w .P.P
w Where,
w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
Eo is the E.M.F. of the cell in which the activity, or as an approximation, the concentration of
each reactant and each product of the cell reaction is equal to unity. Eo is known as
thestandard E.M.F. of the cell.
Replacing activities by concentrations the Nernst equation may be written as
E = Eo – RT / nF ln [C][D] / [A][B]
Replacing [C][D] / [A][B] as equal to K, the equilibrium constant in the molar concentration
units,
E = Eo – RT / nF ln K.
e tet
E = Eo – 2.303 RT / nF log K e tet e tet e tet
Where,
a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal aslal
Eo = Standard electrode potential
s s aslal s aslal
R = Gas constant,
a T = Kelvin temperature a a a a da
w .P.P
w ww.P.P ww.P.P
n = Number of electrons transferred in the half-reaction
ww.P.P w .P.P
w
F = Faraday of electricity
wwww wwww wwww
K = Equilibrium constant for the half-cell reaction as in equilibrium law. wwww wwww


i
Substituting
a a.Ni.N the values of R (8.314aiaJ.NiK.N-1 mol-1), F (96,495 coulombs)
a ia.Ni.N and T at 25oC (273a+ia.Ni25.N=
a lal K), the quantity 2.303 RT
298 a lal/ F comes to be 0.0591. alal a lal
s s
ada the Nernst equation can s s s s
adbea written in its simplifieddadform
a as s s
a d
a
Thus
E = Eo – 0.0591 / n log K a d
a a a a daada ada
w .P.P 68 (a) Discuss cis-trans
w w .P.isomerism
w
P with a suitable
w .P.example.
w
P
ww.P.P ww.P.P
w
ww w Isomerism that w
about the doubly
w
arises out of difference in the w w
spatial arrangement of atoms
ww bonded carbon atomswiswcalled Geometrical isomerism. ww
ww These isomers wwww
or groups
are not mirror images of each other. Rotation about C = C is not possible at normal
conditions and hence the isomers are isolable.
If different atoms or groups are bonded to the ‘C = C’ bond in a molecule, more than one
spatial arrangement is possible. For example, 2-butene exists in two isomeric forms.

a a ia.Ni.N
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w

a ia.Ni.N a i.Ni.N
adaadaThe isomer in which similar a daada groups lie on the same a daadside
a is called ‘cis isomer’d(I).
a a
ada The
a da
w .P.P other in which similar
w w w.P.Pgroups lie in oppositewdirection
w.P.P is called ‘Trans wisomer’ w.P.P (II). This ww.P.P
isomerism is called ‘Cis-Trans’ isomerism.
w
ww w The two groups wwwattached
w to the carbon atoms wwwwneed not be same, it maywbe wwwdifferent also. e.g., wwww

a a ia.Ni.N
lal
asThis aslathe
l aslabout
al the C=C bond in such aslal
s s s s
daadamolecules. daada daada daada
isomerism arises out of hindrance to rotation
a a a a a da
w .P.P (b) How is oxalic acidww.manufactured
w
P.P from sodium
w .P.formate?
w
P
ww.P.P w .P.P
w
wwww ww industrially by heating wSodium
w formate to 673 K. wtowget Sodium wwww
Oxalic acid is made
oxalate. ww ww ww


a ia.Ni.N 673 K a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N a ia.Ni.N
lal
as2HCOONa → NaOOC – COONa aslal + H2 aslal aslal
s s s s
a daadaThe Sodium oxalate thus a daadformed
a is dissolved in water
a daadaand Calcium hydroxide a daadadded
a to
ada
w .P.P precipitate Calcium
w w w
P.P
.oxalate. w w.P.P w .P.P
w ww.P.P
The solution is filtered and the Calcium oxalate precipitate is treated with calculated
w
ww w wwwwSulphuric acid to liberate
quantity of dilute wwwwthe Oxalic acid. wwww wwww
COONa COO\
| + Ca(OH)2 → | Ca + 2 NaOH
COONa COO∕
COO\ COOH
| Ca + H2SO4 → | + CaSO4 
COO∕ e tet COOH etet e tet e tet
i .Ni.N i .Ni.N i .Ni.N
Calcium sulphate precipitates and Oxalic acid is crystallised as the
s aslal
hydrate(COOH)2.2H2O.
adaada adaada adaada
69 (a). Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
a daadTertiary
a
a da
w .P.P
w ww.PPrimary
.P amine
ww.P.P Secondary amine ww.P.P amine w .P.P
w
S.No
wwww wwww RNH2 wwww R2NH ww ww
R3N wwww
1 With HNO2 forms alcohol. Forms N-nitroso amine. Forms salt.
2 With CHCl3 / KOH forms No reaction. No reaction.
carbylamines
3 With acetyl chloride forms N-alkyl Forms N, N-dialkyl No reaction.
acetamide. acetamide.
4 e tet
With CS2 and HgCl2 alkyl e tet No reaction.e tet No reaction.etet
a ia.Ni.Nisothiocyanate
a i.Ni.N
s aslal is formed. saslal s aslal s aslal
adaada 5 With Diethyladaada a daada N,N-dialkyl
Forms a daadareaction.
No a da
w .P.P
w oxalate .PCOOC2H
ww .P 5 CONHR.P.Poxamic ester, a liquid .P.P
ww w w w .P.P
w
wwww | www+w2RNH2 → | wwww CONR2 wwww wwww
COOC2H5 CONHR |
COOC2H5
6 With three molar proportion of alkyl With two molar With only one
halide, quarternary ammonium salt is proportion of alkyl halide,
molar
e tet
formed. e tet e tet
quarternary ammonium
proportion of e tet
salt is formed.
a
alkyl halide,
a ia.Ni.N
s aslal RNH2 + 3RX →R4N+X– saslal s aslal quarternary
R2NH + 2RX→ R4N+X– ammonium s aslal
a daada a daada adaada a daada
salt is formed. a da
w .P.P
w
R3N + RX →
w
ww w w
ww w w
ww w ww
ww R4N+X– wwww


Ni.N Polysaccharides:i.Ni.N
(b)i.Explain i .Ni.N i .Ni.N
a
lal a
asNon-sugars a a
aslal substances and insoluble
are tasteless amorphous a a
aslal in water. a
aslal a
s
adaThese are carbohydrates whichdinvolve s
ada a large number of monosaccharide s
adaunits linked to each other by oxide s
a d
a a a
bridges. These linkages are called glycosidic linkages. a da a daada ada
w .P.P The common and widelywdistributed
w .P.P polysaccharides correspond
w ww.Pto.Pthe general formula (C6H10O5)nw .P.P
w ww.P.P
wwww wwww
Chemically, polysaccharides are long chainwwwpolymers
w wwww
of monosaccharides. wwww
They get hydrolysed to give monosaccharides.
H+
a) Homopolysaccharides: The polysaccharides which contain only one type of
monosaccharides.
Ex:
Starch (formed by two different kinds of molecules: Amylose and Amylopectin)
a a.Ni.N(intermediate productaofia.Nistarch
Dextrin
i .N digestion) ai .Ni.N
a a ia.Ni.N
lal
asCellulose aslal aslal aslal
s Glycogen s s s
adaadaChitin adaada adaada a daada a da
w .P.P Inulin
w w w.P.P ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
w w (C6H10O5)n +w w → nC6H12O6
wwww wwww wwww
nH2O
ww Starch ww Glucose
b) Heteropolysaccharides: The polysaccharides which contain two or more types of
monosaccharides or their derivatives. They are also called as Heteroglycans.
Ex:
Glycoprotiens (combinations of carbohydrates and proteins),
Glycolipids (combinations of carbohydrates and lipids)
Connective-tissue polysaccharides
e tet
The blood-group substances e tet e tet e tet
a i .Ni.N i.Ni.N i .Ni.N
Mucopolysaccharides (made of repeating units of sugar derivatives like amino sugars and
a a a a a a ia.Ni.N
s aslal aslal aslal
uronic acids). These are known as glycosamino glycans (GAG). Ex:
s s s aslal
Hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronate) (formed by thousands of alternative units of N-acetyl
a a
glucosamine and glucuronic acid) a a a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
Chondroitin sulphate
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w
wwww wwww
70 (a) A)-PHENOL B) BENZENE C)PHENOLPHTHALIEN
wwww wwww wwww
(b) A) COPPER B) CUPRIC OCIDE C) CUPROUS OXIDE D) COPPER NITRATE
(OR)
C) (a) BENZALDEHYDE (B) HYDROBEZENE (C) BENZOIN (D) TRI PHENYL

tet tet tet tet
e
METHAN DYE e e e
a a ia.Ni.N
s asl(D)
al PKA =4.774 PH =4.86 saslal s aslal s aslal
ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P ww.P.P w .P.P
w
Prepared by
ww
ww A.MOORTHY wwww wwww wwww wwww


8754706647i.N i .N i .Ni.N i .Ni.N i .Ni.N
a
aslal a a
aslal a a
aslal a a
aslal a
s s s s
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P

a a ia.Ni.N
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w

a ia.Ni.N a i.Ni.N
adaada a daada a daada a daada a da
w .P.P
w w .P.P
w ww.P.P w .P.P
w w .P.P
w

a a ia.Ni.N
w .P.P
w


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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

e tet + NaOH → NaH2PO4

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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

40. What is reaction quotient. How is it related to equilibrium constant?

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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

e tet etet e tet e tet

45.What is racemic mixture?

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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

49. What is trans-esterification?

MARCH 2018 KEY ANSWER CHEMISTRY 5 MARKS

e tet e tet e tet e tet

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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

e tet etet e tet e tet

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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

= pLl x pMm x pNn / pAa x pBb x pCc X (1/RT)(l + m + n + …) – (a + b + c + …)

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2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

Step 2: The carbanion (Nucleophile) attacks the carbonyl carbon of Benzaldehyde.

e tet e tet e tet e tet

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

e tet etet e tet e tet

e tet e tet e tet e tet

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

e tet etet e tet e tet

e tet e tet e tet e tet

e tet e tet e tet e tet

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

(b) A) COPPER B) CUPRIC OCIDE C) CUPROUS OXIDE D) COPPER NITRATE

C) (a) BENZALDEHYDE (B) HYDROBEZENE (C) BENZOIN (D) TRI PHENYL

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

2018 MARCH FULL ANSWER KEY

e tet etet e tet e tet

e tet e tet e tet e tet

e tet e tet e tet e tet

Prepared by : A.MOORTHY.MSC,B.Ed….. 8754706647 mpchem6@gmail.com

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