Strategic Plan for the Treatment of Domestic Solid Waste from Las Virtudes I

Parroquia Punta Cardón, municipality of Carirubana, Falcón State

1. Formulation of the problem and delimitation of the field of study

1.1 Formulation of the problem

Since a long time ago, there has been a great consumption of the natural resources
of the planet, such is the case of the industrialized countries like the United States,
Japan, Russia, having only a quarter of the world population, where own requirements
of the technological development that takes place in these countries, merit the frequent
use of these resources. These development models require large amounts of resources
and energy to transform the material, but since this transformation does not occur in a
total way, generally the production of usable goods is accompanied by a large amount of
undesirable waste that contaminates the environment.
Similarly lifestyles are distinguished by the misuse of disposable products and
packaging, making the culture of waste generalized under the auspices of phrases such
as "Use it and throw it away", thus causing excessive amounts of polluting waste
(Annecca et al., 1997 cited by A. Feuerman 2002). In the same way Anneca; It
establishes that in this way and taking into account recent data, it is estimated that these
nations produce around "two kilograms of solid waste per capita per day".

In the industrialized countries the production of polluting waste has exceeded the
admissible and tolerable limits for the population to the point of not having the necessary
places to dispose, bury and dump their own waste. Their economic power makes it
possible for them to think about the urgent need to expand their contamination to other
frontiers; regardless of whether other countries help to increase the impact generated by
solid waste on all elements of the environment and contributing to the weakening of
health and well-being and the rest of the planet's inhabitants (WHO, 1997).
 In this context, Latin American countries do not escape this reality, since in
developing countries such as Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Brazil, among
others, large amounts of waste are generated, but these have adopted measures to
reduce these problems and, have launched several recycling programs. In this
sense, it is pertinent to highlight that in Brazil two (2) plans were applied, namely
"Purchase of Garbage", which consisted of exchanging garbage bags for bus tickets,
food packages and school supplies for children; the other plan was "Garbage: This is
not Garbage" which changes two (2) Kilos of food for four 4 of recyclable Garbage.
In the same way Mexico created a Solid Waste Integral Management Group
(MIRES), this initiative was carried out by non-governmental organizations,
governmental organizations, the Social Development Secretariat and the National
Works Bank. In recent years in Latin America and throughout the world, new trends
have been adopted in the concept of waste management, including the growing
interest of the population that generates them.
Like the rest of the world, in Venezuela the production of waste is a consequence of
the economic activities and daily living of the population. Around 12tons per day are
generated daily, which places between 0.3 and 1.2 Kilo / pers / Day. It is low
compared to the production of developed countries due mainly to lower economic
development and lifestyle with low levels of consumption. All this leads to an
environmental problem because they are arranged in places that do not comply with
special techniques that allow better management, use and use.

In the Falcón state the improper handling of domestic solid waste, both from the
source and in the transport, treatment and / or final disposal systems, particularly in
the main cities of the state. Recycling continues to be a panacea because its action
does not reach even 10% of the total waste produced. Currently we can notice a
worrying environmental reality and serious alterations resulting from environmental
problems generated by the human being, who has polluted, abused and damaged
their environment, which hurts the life because it upsets the natural balance, which
results in the alteration of the quality of life of the inhabitants (community) and the
maintenance of natural attractions and their conservation, that is why in this natural
dynamic, a series of interaction between man and his environment occurs, whenever
it is seen as a great ecosystem.
 Thus it has been qualified, that the great component of the habitat where the
human being is developed, is to whom it corresponds to guarantee the
environmental harmony, seen as its immediate environment and be a guarantor
defender of nature, in order to achieve environmental balance, in this It is important
to accept the point made by Bisheismero (2004) that it is necessary to take care of
the environment of any phenomenon that may cause alterations. The author states
that it is a major concern in the whole world, therefore, it is necessary to establish
mechanisms so that the environment is not affected, creating awareness regarding
environmental quality.

Half way through time society, economic activity and technological progress, arise
as elements that have caused more damage to the earth, called polluting factor as
well as in the atmosphere, which accelerate climate changes, in relation to it, The
World Health Organization (WHO) points out that changes in temperature and
precipitation are likely to create favorable conditions for bacteria and insects that
transmit infectious and deadly diseases to humanity.

On the other hand, there are preponderant factors in the individual - nature
interaction, such as the free will or the scarce visibility of the importance of the
permanent dynamics with the planet earth, with the due transformations experienced
by the forces of nature, which take their course formally in its original behavior,
therefore the problem has been accentuated in recent years, because developed
countries have multiplied their production of waste, which is of vital concern, as
generated in the various housing complexes, industrial, business, among others.
However, environmental deterioration affects the welfare and quality of life of the
population, seriously compromising the soil, flora and fauna. In this way man
formulates a series of laws, ordinances, principles, procedures, responsibilities,
which are developed to carry out a better management in an integral way in the
different organizations, companies, housing complexes, in order to consider their
impact or their formal and informal acceptance.
 For such management, the strategy is necessary where all social actors assume
the responsibility of implementing coordinated actions with the aim of solving the
problems generated by waste. In the way that promote a social, technological and
economic development, in order to preserve the environment, since the harmful
effects are very evident when you observe the uncontrolled deterioration of air
quality, soil, water and therefore the coexistence of vectors of diseases that
proliferate among them. That is why, the citizens personify with protagonist action
sustaining mechanisms in the conservation of their environment and Venezuela does
not escape from them, as a conformer subscribed to most of the international
agreements on environmental matters.

The environmental management in Venezuela with worldwide support includes its

governmental network by all the states that conform it, the regional localities have
their base in municipal ordinances, which work through the different communal
councils as a living force and public in the different regions. One of the most
referential sectors of the city of Punto Fijo, the "Urbanización las Virtudes", Maraven
sector, Punta Cardón parish, Carirubana municipality of the Falcón state, has the
following limits: North: Av. 6, Sur Av. 6-G, East: Punto Fijo Freeway - Punta Cardón,
West: Av. 1-C. in this community, apathy is observed in terms of environmental work,
where, in urban planning, everything that makes up nature and its complements are
in an emergent situation; the communal council "Las Virtudes" complies with actions
referring to the case, according to the author just need to create awareness to the
community about the strategic importance of maintenance and conservation of the
environment, as they throw garbage, bags and debris in places not allowed printed in
the norms of coexistence, signed in general assemblies of neighbors, with
quantitative information of 200 families in the sector I of the Urbanization Las
Virtudes and of middle class with oil workers of Venezuela (PDVSA), medium
entrepreneurs and teachers. The urbanization ''Las Virtudes'', sector Maravén. Punta
Cardón Parish, Carirubana Municipality of the Falcón State, which has the following
limits: North: 6th Avenue; South: 6g Avenue; East: Punto Fijo-Punta Cardón
intercommunal; West: Avenue 1-C.
 In this community is observed, little or little importance in terms of environmental
work is concerned where in their green areas, lighting in urban planning and its
accessories are in an emerging situation. The communal council '' Virtues '' complies
with actions concerning the case, affects the welfare and quality of life of the
population, seriously compromising the soil, flora and fauna

Reseña Histórica
Urbanización” Las Virtudes”

At the end of 1991, there were some land located in the Cardón Community
south of Avenida 6 owned by the Carirubana Municipality, which were in the form of
garbage dumps and were used as garbage dumps.

At that time, the housing deficit in Punto Fijo was constantly increasing, and
demands of small plots of land by groups of people interested in building began to
appear before the municipal authority. Given the possibility that this area could be
anarchized if uncontrolled developments began to emerge, the municipality achieved a
strategic alliance with the PIACA group to build a company that would carry out the
planning and execution of the urbanisms of that entire sector. This is how DESURCA
was born, the company responsible for carrying out this task.

Construction work began on the Urbanism of the I Phase of the Urbanization

"Las Virtudes", which responded to the guidelines of the Master Plan Los Semerucos,
Las Virtudes, Club de Golf and the local Urban Development Plan that by that time
PDVSA and the ALCALDIA elaborated.Urbanización Las Virtudes I Stage was divided
into 10 blocks, distributed as follows:
 a. 4 blocks with 30 plots each for the construction of semi-detached houses, with an
average land area of 205 m2.

b. 3 blocks, one of 30 plots and the other two of 18 plots for the construction of
isolated houses on one floor.

c. 3 blocks of 18 plots each for the construction of isolated houses on 2 floors.

All these blocks are properly integrated through a road network, with main and
secondary roads.

1.2 Research Objectives

1.2.1 General Objective

Propose a strategic plan for the treatment of domestic solid waste from the "Las
Virtudes" sector of the Punta Cardón Parish in the Carirubana municipality of Falcón
state.

1.2.2 Specific objectives

1. Diagnose the existing reality in relation to the treatment of domestic solid waste
from the "Las Virtudes" sector of the Punta Cardón Parish in the Carirubana
municipality of Falcón state.

2. To reveal the legal basis in environmental matters of the Carirubana municipality

that will support the "Las Virtudes" sector of the Punta Cardón Parish in the
Carirubana municipality of the Falcón state.

3. Select the strategies that will make up the strategic plan for the treatment of
domestic solid waste in the "Las Virtudes" sector of the Punta Cardón Parish in
the Carirubana municipality of Falcón state.
 4. Design the strategic plan for the treatment of domestic solid waste from the "Las
Virtudes" sector of Punta Cardón Parish in the Carirubana municipality of Falcón
state.

1.3 Justification

Environmental pollution grows more every day, progressively deteriorating

habitats. Many pollutants that are produced are produced daily, among them domestic
solid waste, which is commonly known as garbage. In Venezuela, growth and
overpopulation in urban regions are bringing about imbalances in the environment. The
garbage that is produced by people is increasing, as well as the diseases and
environmental damage that this causes. It is necessary to take conscience and begin to
educate the youngest ones about the care and protection of the environment.
The academic justification of the research will help to understand mainly the importance
of care, maintenance and preservation of the environment, and in turn will serve both
the community, state and all stakeholders of the nation, community environmental
management. As for the social, it benefits the society, by guaranteeing an integral
formation of the participants in the study, thus allowing transforming the existing reality
in the "Las Virtudes I" urbanization of the Punta Cardón parish regarding the
management of waste. domestic solid of your locality and will serve as an example to
the adjacent urbanizations of the sector, thus promoting a social transformation in the
population.

Strategic Plan for the Treatment of Domestic Solid Waste in the sector Las Virtudes I
Punta Cardón Parish, Carirubana municipality, Falcón state

Research objectives

1.2.1 General Objective

Propose a strategic plan for the treatment of solid waste in the sector "The Virtues" of
the Parish Punta Cardón in the municipality of Carirubana Falcón.
1.2.2 Specific objectives
1. To diagnose the existing reality in relation to the treatment of domestic solid waste in
the sector "The Virtues" of the Parish Punta Cardón in the municipality of Carirubana
Falcón.
2. To unveil the legal bases in environmental matters of the municipality of Carirubana
that will support the sector "The Virtues" of the Parish Punta Cardón in the municipality
of Carirubana Falcón.
3. Select the strategies that would make the strategic plan for the treatment of domestic
solid waste in the sector "The Virtues" of the Parish Punta Cardón in the municipality of
Carirubana Falcón.

4. Design the strategic plan for the treatment of solid waste in the sector "The Virtues" of
the Parish Punta Cardón in the municipality of Carirubana Falcón.Objectives of the
Research1.2.1Objective GeneralPropose a strategic plan for the treatment of solid
waste of the "Las Virtudes" sector of the Punta Cardón Parish in the Carirubana
municipality of the Falcón state.1.2.2 Specific objectives1. Diagnose the existing reality
in relation to the treatment of domestic solid waste from the "Las Virtudes" sector of
Punta Cardón Parish in the Carirubana municipality of Falcón state.2. To reveal the
legal bases in environmental matters of the Carirubana municipality that will support the
"Las Virtudes" sector of the Punta Cardón Parish in the Carirubana municipality of the
Falcón state. 3. Select the strategies that will make up the strategic plan for the
treatment of domestic solid waste from the "Las Virtudes" sector of the Punta Cardón
Parish in the Carirubana municipality of Falcón state.4. Design the strategic plan for the
treatment of domestic solid waste from the "Las Virtudes" sector of the Punta Cardón
Parish in the Carirubana municipality of Falcón state.