Professional Documents
Culture Documents
𝑦 ′′′ + 2𝑥(𝑦′′′)−1 + 𝑥𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥
Solución:
𝑦 ′′′ + 2𝑥(𝑦′′′)−1 + 𝑥𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥
2𝑥
𝑦 ′′′ + 𝑦′′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥
2𝑥
𝑦 ′′′ + 𝑦′′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥 = 0
∴ 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 3° 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛 ; 2° 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝑥2
II.1). 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 4 − 𝐶 ; 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 12𝑦 = 2𝑥 2
3
Solución:
𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 4 − 𝐶 3
; 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 12𝑦 = 2𝑥 2
𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 4 − 𝐶 3
𝑥
𝑦′ = 3𝐴𝑥 2 + 4𝐵𝑥 3 − 2𝐶 3
2
𝑦′′ = 6𝐴𝑥 + 12𝐵𝑥 2 − 3 𝐶
Reemplazando en 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 12𝑦 = 2𝑥 2
2 𝑥2
𝑥 2 (6𝐴𝑥 + 12𝐵𝑥 2 − 3 𝐶) − 12(𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 4 − 𝐶 3
) = 2𝑥 2
−18𝐴𝑥 3 + 10𝐶𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 2 = 0
18𝐴𝑥 3 − 10𝐶𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 2 = 0
18𝐴𝑥 3 + (6 − 10𝐶)𝑥 2 = 0
𝑥2
∴ 𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 4 − 𝐶 3
𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑥 = 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)
II.8). { ; 𝑥 = 𝑦 ′ + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 ′
𝑦 = 𝑡 2 ⁄2 − √1 − 𝑡 2
Solución
𝑥 = 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)
{ ; 𝑥 = 𝑦 ′ + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 ′
𝑦 = 𝑡 2 ⁄2 − √1 − 𝑡 2
𝑡
𝑦 ′ = 𝑡 + √1−𝑡 2
Reemplazando en 𝑥 = 𝑦 ′ + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 ′
𝑡 𝑡
𝑡 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡) = 𝑡 + √1−𝑡 2 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡 + √1−𝑡 2 )
𝑡 𝑡
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡) = √1−𝑡 2 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡) + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 (√1−𝑡 2 )
𝑡 𝑡
√1−𝑡 2
+ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 (√1−𝑡 2 ) = 0
𝑥 = 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡)
∴ { 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑦 = 𝑡2 ⁄2 − √1 − 𝑡2
III.4). 𝑟 = 𝐴𝑙𝑛|𝜃| + 𝐵𝜃 ; 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ 𝑅
Solución
𝑟 = 𝐴𝑙𝑛|𝜃| + 𝐵𝜃 ; 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ 𝑅
𝐴
𝑟 ′ = 𝜃 + 𝐵 ……………..1
𝐴
𝑟 ′′ = −
𝜃2
𝐴 = −𝑟′′𝜃 2
Reemplazando en 1
𝑟 ′ = 𝐵 − 𝑟′′𝜃
⇒ 𝐵 = 𝑟 ′′ 𝜃 + 𝑟′
Reemplazando en 𝑟 = 𝐴𝑙𝑛|𝜃| + 𝐵𝜃
2
∴ 𝑟 ′′𝜃 𝑙𝑛|𝜃| − (𝑟 ′′ 𝜃 + 𝑟 ′ )𝜃 + 𝑟 = 0
III.11). 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑒 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) ;𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 ∈ 𝑅
Solución
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑒 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
𝑦 ′′′′ = 𝐴𝑒 𝑥 + 16𝐵𝑒 2𝑥 − 2𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 cos(𝑥) − 2𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) − 2𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) + 2𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) −
20𝐷𝑒 2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥) − 10𝐷𝑒 2𝑥 cos(𝑥)
74101102
65++5789+-//*-
‘
IV.
SOLUCIÓN:
⇒ 𝑥 − ℎ + 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 𝑘𝑦 ′ = 0 … (1)
1+(𝑦′)2
1 + (𝑦′)2 + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑘𝑦 ′′ = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦−𝑘
=0
1 + (𝑦 ′ )2
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑦 ′′ + (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 0 … (2)
𝑦−𝑘
⇒ 2(𝑥ℎ + 𝑘𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
1 + (𝑦´)2
𝐸𝑛 (2): (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑦´´ + 2(𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦´)(𝑦 − 𝑘) [ ]=0
𝑦−𝑘
𝑎2
1𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜 ∶ (𝑥 − ℎ)(𝑦 − 𝑘) =
2
𝑎2
(𝑥 − 𝑀)(𝑦 − 𝑁) =
2
𝑎2
𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑁 − 𝑀𝑦 + 𝑀𝑁 =
2
𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 2 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠:
1°) 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑁 − 𝑦 ′ 𝑀 = 0
2°) 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′′ 𝑀 = 0
2𝑦 ′ 𝑥𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′′ 𝑀 = 0
𝑦 ′′ 𝑀 − 2𝑦′
𝑥=
𝑦′′
𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜:
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜:
3(𝑦´´)2 = 2𝑦′′′𝑦′
∴ 2𝑦 ′′′ 𝑦 ′ − 3(𝑦´´)2 = 0
𝑎2
2𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜 ∶ (𝑥 − ℎ)(𝑦 − 𝑘) = − 2
∴ 2𝑦 ′′′ 𝑦 ′ − 3(𝑦´´)2 = 0
VI
1). 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + 2𝑥
1
8). 𝑦 ′ = 2(𝑥−2𝑦+3)
VII.
SOLUCIÓN:
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜:
(𝑥 − 1) (𝑦 + 1)
∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐
(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2) 𝑦 +1
1 1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2| + 𝑙𝑛|𝑦 2 + 1| + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑐
2 2
1
𝑙𝑛|(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 2 + 1)| = 𝑐 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑦)
2
𝑙𝑛|(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 2 + 1)| = 2(𝑐 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑦))
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 2 + 1) = 𝑒 2(𝑐−𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑦))
∴ (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 2 + 1) − 𝑒 2(𝑐−𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑦)) = 0
12) (1 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
SOLUCIÓN:
2
1 1 𝑑𝑦
[( − 1) + ] 𝑑𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑦
1 𝑑𝑢 𝑥𝑦′
𝑢= ; =− 2 2
𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= −𝑥𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
1 1 𝑑𝑢
[( − 1) + ] 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥𝑦 2
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
[(𝑢 − 1)2 + 𝑢] = −𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
− =
𝑥 [(𝑢 − 1)2 + 𝑢]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
+ =0
𝑥 [(𝑢 − 1)2 + 𝑢]
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
∫ +∫ =𝑐
𝑥 [(𝑢 − 1)2 + 𝑢]
2√5 2𝑢 + 3
𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( )=𝑐
5 √5
𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔:
2√5 2 + 3𝑥𝑦
𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( )=𝑐
5 √5𝑥𝑦
2√5 2 + 3𝑥𝑦
𝑙𝑛(𝑥) = 𝑐 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( )
5 √5𝑥𝑦
2√5 2+3𝑥𝑦
𝑐− 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔( )
5 √5𝑥𝑦
𝑥=𝑒
𝑒𝑐
𝑥=
2√5 2+3𝑥𝑦
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔( )
5 √5𝑥𝑦
𝑒
2√5 2+3𝑥𝑦
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔( )
∴ 𝑥𝑒 5 √5𝑥𝑦 − 𝑒𝑐 = 0
VIII.
7) 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 5 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
SOLUCIÓN:
𝑥2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
3 5
= ; 𝑢= ; 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 ; =𝑢+𝑥
(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦⁄
𝑥 𝑑𝑦
3 =
𝑦
1 + ( ⁄𝑥 ) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3 2
=𝑢+𝑥
1+𝑢 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3 2
= 𝑢+𝑥
1 + 𝑢 (𝑢𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑢
5 =𝑢+𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑢 𝑥2