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𝑑3𝑥 𝑑2𝑥 5 𝑑4𝑥
3) −( ) + + 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 4
Solución
4 5
5
𝑑4 𝑥 𝑑3𝑥 𝑑2𝑥 5
[( 4 + 3 ) + 𝑥𝑦] = [( 2 ) ]
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
5 4
𝑑4 𝑥 𝑑3𝑥 𝑑2𝑥
[( + ) + 𝑥𝑦] = [( )]
𝑑𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 2
5 4
𝑑4𝑥 𝑑3𝑥 𝑑2𝑥
𝐶05 ( + ) + ⋯ + (𝑥𝑦) 5
= ( )
𝑑𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 2
5 4
𝑑4 𝑥 𝑑3𝑥 𝑑2𝑥
( 4 + 3 ) + ⋯ + (𝑥𝑦)5 = ( 2 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
5 5 4
𝑑4𝑥 𝑑3 𝑥 𝑑2𝑥
𝐶05 ( 4 ) + ⋯ + ( 3 ) + ⋯ +(𝑥𝑦)5 = ( 2 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
5 5 4
𝑑4 𝑥 𝑑3𝑥 5
𝑑2 𝑥
( ) + ⋯ + ( ) + ⋯ + +(𝑥𝑦) − ( ) = 0; 4° 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜; 5° 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝑑𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 2
II.
𝑥 = 𝑡𝑙𝑛|𝑡| y’
7){ 2 (2𝑙𝑛|𝑡| ; y’ln ( ) = 4𝑥
𝑦=𝑡 + 1) 4
Solución
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑡)
= 𝑑𝑡 𝑠𝑖 {
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑦(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
i.
𝑦 = 𝑡 2 (2𝑙𝑛|𝑡| + 1)
𝑦′ = 4𝑡(𝑙𝑛|𝑡| + 1)
ii.
𝑥 = 𝑡𝑙𝑛|𝑡|
𝑥 ′ = 𝑙𝑛|𝑡| + 1
𝑑𝑦 4𝑡(𝑙𝑛|𝑡| + 1)
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑛|𝑡| + 1
𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ = 4𝑡
y’
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑦 ′ = 4𝑡 𝑒𝑛 y’ln ( ) = 4𝑥
4
4t
4𝑡 ln ( ) = 4 𝑡𝑙𝑛|𝑡|
4
3) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑐 ∈ ℝ
Solución
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑥 = 0 − −−⟶ (1)
⟹ 𝑐 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 ′ )
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 ′ ) 𝑥 = 0
2𝑥𝑦´ + 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 0
Solución
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ(𝑥) + 𝐷𝑒 −𝑥 cosh(𝑥)
(1)+ (2)
2(3)+(4)
′
𝑦 ′′′ + 3𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦′ = 12𝐶𝑒 2𝑥 − −−→ (5)
′
𝑦 ′′′ ′ + 3𝑦 ′ ′ + 2𝑦′′ = 24𝐶𝑒 2𝑥 − −−→ (6)
-2(5)+(6)
′ ′′
𝑦 ′′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 ′ = 0
IV.
4).
Solución
Por condición
𝐵
𝐵− =k
𝐴
𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵 = Ak
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑦 ′ = 𝐴 𝐵 = 𝑦 − 𝑦’𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 ′ (𝑦 − 𝑦’𝑥 ) − 𝑦 + 𝑦 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦′
∴ (𝑦′ − 1 )(𝑦 ′ 𝑥 − 𝑦) + 𝑦 ′ 𝑘 = 0
11)
Solución
(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑝(𝑥 − ℎ)
2(𝑦 − 𝑘)𝑦′ = 4𝑝
(𝑦 − 𝑘)𝑦 ′ = 2𝑝 − − − −→ (1)
Pero de (2)
(𝑦′)2
(𝑦 − 𝑘) = −
𝑦 ′′
Reemplazando en (3)
(𝑦 − 𝑘)𝑦 ′′′ + 3𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′′ = 0
(𝑦′)2 ′′′
(− ) 𝑦 + 3𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′′ = 0
𝑦 ′′
(𝑦′)2 𝑦 ′′′ + 3𝑦 ′ (𝑦 ′′ )2 = 0
V
3) 2𝑦 ′′′ + 𝑦 ′′ − 5𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0
Solución
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑚𝑒 𝑚𝑥
𝑦′′ = 𝑚2 𝑒 𝑚𝑥
𝑦′′′ = 𝑚3 𝑒 𝑚𝑥
2𝑦 ′′′ + 𝑦 ′′ − 5𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0
2𝑚3 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑚2 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 − 5𝑚𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑚𝑥 = 0
2𝑚3 + 𝑚2 − 5𝑚 + 2 = 0
(𝑚 − 1)(2𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 + 2) = 0
𝑚=1
𝑚 = 1⁄2
𝑚 = −2
VI.
𝑦+𝑥
7) 𝑦 ′ =
𝑦−𝑥
Solución
𝑦+𝑥
I. 𝑦′ = ⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦)
𝑦−𝑥
𝑦+𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) = =𝑘
𝑦−𝑥
𝑦+𝑥
⇒ =𝑘
𝑦−𝑥
𝑥(𝑘 + 1)
⇒𝑦= ;𝑘 ≠ 1
(𝑘 − 1)
𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) = 𝑘 = 0
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) = 0
𝑦+𝑥
=0
𝑦−𝑥
𝑦 = −𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦)
𝑦 ′′ = 0 (𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖ó𝑛)
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦)
𝜕 𝑦+𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ = ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥
2(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑦 ′′ =
(𝑦 − 𝑥)3
2(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 )
⇒ =0
(𝑦 − 𝑥)3
⇒ 𝑦 = −𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) = 𝑘
𝑥(𝑘 + 1)
⇒𝑦= (𝐹𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑠)
(𝑘 − 1)
𝑥(𝑘+1) 𝑦+𝑥
Si reemplazamos 𝑦 = (𝑘−1)
en 𝑦 ′ =
𝑦−𝑥
𝑥(𝑘 + 1)
+𝑥
′ (𝑘 − 1)
𝑦 =
𝑥(𝑘 + 1)
−𝑥
(𝑘 − 1)
𝑦′ = 𝑘
𝑥(𝑘+1)
En 𝑦 = (𝑘−1)
reemplazamos k=0
⇒ 𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑠𝑖 𝑘 = 0
𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑖 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦)
𝑦+𝑥 𝜕 𝑦+𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) = ; ( )
𝑦 − 𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑦 − 𝑥
𝜕𝑓 −2𝑥
=
𝜕𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑥)2
VII.
Solución
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − (1 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑒 𝑦 (𝑦 2 + 1) + 𝑦 + 1
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − [ ] 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑦 2 + 1)
𝑒 𝑦 (𝑦 2 + 1) + 𝑦 + 1
∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐
(𝑦 2 + 1)
𝑒 2𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑙𝑛|𝑦 2 + 1| − 2𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑐
Solución
Sea 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑡
𝑡
𝑦=
𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑡 − 𝑡𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 =
𝑥2
Reemplazando
𝑡 3 𝑡 2 𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑡 𝑥𝑑𝑡 − 𝑡𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 ( ) + 2x𝑦 ( ) + ( )) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 3 ( ) − 2𝑥 2 ( ) + 𝑥) ( )=0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2
𝑡3 𝑡2 𝑡 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + 1
( + 2 + ) 𝑑𝑥 + ( ) (𝑥𝑑𝑡 − 𝑡𝑑𝑥) = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 (𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + 1)
+ 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑥 4𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥 (𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + 1)
∫ +∫ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑐
𝑥 4𝑡 2
𝑙𝑛|𝑡| 𝑡 − 𝑡 −1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − + =𝑐
2 4
⇒ 2𝑙𝑛|𝑥𝑦| + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 −1 = 4𝑐
VIII.
Solución
¿Es homogénea?
𝑀 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
⟹ 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
∴ 𝑀 no es homogénea
𝑁 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1
⟹ 𝑓(𝑥; 𝑦) = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1