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ASSIGNMENT 3
GROUP 24:
DATE: 14 -4 -2017
Since the floor is entirely made up of concrete, the weight can be calculated by the mass
equation 𝐺 = 𝜌𝑉𝑔 where 𝜌 = 2400𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 , 𝑔 = 9.8𝑁/𝑘𝑔
Note:
From Strand7, the direct summation of node reaction forces at FZ obtained is 6872
kN (this number represents the weight of the entire slab calculated by the software).
From the hand calculation above, the weight was found to be 6932 kN, 0.96%
difference from Strand7 result due to rounding-off errors.
QUESTION 2:
Produce contour plots with the vertical deflection of the floor and compare the
deflection to the analytical equations available:
From Strand7, a contour plot with vertical deflection of the floor is shown in figure 2 below:
A
A
Figure 2.1: Vertical Displacement Contour Plot
A vertical Displacement vs Position was plotted through the section AA in figure 2.1:
The deflection at the middle of the slab can be calculated by the formula
𝑞𝑎4
𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛼
𝐷
Where
𝐸𝑡 3 25000 × 0.23
𝐷= = = 17.36
12(1 − 𝑣 2 ) 12(1 − 0.22 )
And α = 0.00416 for simply supported and 0.00126 for fully supported.
The deflection at the tip of the cantilever can be calculated by the formula
𝑤𝑙 4
𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
8𝐸𝐼
Where
𝑤 = 𝐺 + 𝑄′ = 15.7𝑘𝑁
1 × 0.253
𝐼= = 0.0013
12
Therefore
15.7 × 44
𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.0155𝑚
8 × 25000 × 0.0013
Hence we have:
Deflection at the tip of the balcony (A) = 15.5 mm
Deflection at the root of the balcony (B) = 0 mm
Deflection at the middle of the slab nearer to the balcony (C) = 0.815 mm
Deflection at the middle of the slab nearer to the centre (D) = 2.69 mm
A table summary of the vertical deflection obtained from both methods is shown
below:
The vertical displacement at the tip of the balcony obtained from analytical method
is only half of the one obtained from Strand7. This is due to the assumption made for
the analytical method that the balcony acts as a cantilever and the root of the
cantilever is fixed with zero displacement, while in reality the root of the balcony
deflects a significant amount.
Displacements at the mid-span are very close from both methods.
QUESTION 3:
Produce the contour plots with the stresses σxx and σyy at the top and the bottom of
the slabs:
The contour plots with the stresses σxx and σyy at the top and the bottom of the
slabs are presented in figure 3.1 – 4 below:
Base on the Contour Stress plots, a summary table with the maximum stresses σxx
and σyy at the top and the bottom of the slabs is shown below:
Assuming the concrete used for the slab has Young Modulus of 26.7 GPa. According to
AS3600-2009 (table 3.2.1), it can be deduced that
- The compressive strength of the concrete (fc) is approximately 25 MPa
- The tensile strength can be calculated using the formula:
fct = 0.6 x (0.6 x √fc) = 0.6 x 0.6 x √25 = 1.8 MPa
Solution
- Most tensile stresses concentrate at the root of the balconies and the
horizontal beams. As a result, steel reinforcements need to be installed at
these high tensile stress areas so the structure can effectively resist the
applied loads.
QUESTION 5:
Discuss on the numerical errors and present strategies to solve these errors
To improve accuracy, the model could be divided into as many plates as possible.
However this will result in slower running time or lagging of the program.