Discussion

The experiment is about the air temperature process control. The aim for this experiment
are to identify the important components of the air temperature control system and to mark them
in the P & I diagram, to carry out the start up procedures systematically, to determine the values
of parameters for a first order dead time transfer functions model of a thermal process and to
control the air heater process using PID controller. This model was used air to simulate a gas or
vapor phase temperature process.

This experiment was determined with different process transfer function parameters. The
MV was adjusted to 30% and the heater was on. Based on the graph result, the ramp response
was shown. The steepest tangent for the temperature response to intersect the baseline to
calculate the dead time by using this formula :

4 ×3600
The dead time is = = 28.8 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
500

The value for the dead time was obtained when the MV changes to 30%. The value for dead time
is . The dead time is 28.8 second. The dead time is the delay from when a controller output (CO)
signal is issued until when the measured process variable (PV) first begins to respond. The
presence of dead time, Өp , is never a good thing in a control loop.

Then, the slope of the steepest tangent was gives the response rate. The first order plus
time delay (FOPTD) also calculated by using this formula :
 𝑟𝑟
The time constant , ι = max 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

6.5
= 40

= 0.1625

The parameter of the first order with Delay model is

𝐾. 𝑒 −𝜃
𝐺(𝑠) =
𝜏𝑠 + 1

4.64 𝑒 −28.8
𝐺(𝑠) =
0.1625𝑠 + 1

Then, the experiment was continued to determine the PID temperature response for load
disturbances and set point changes for different controller settings. There are 3 control modes
which is proportional , Integral and Derivatives that used for control the error. The process was
set for 3 different values of trials which is PBI = 10%, TI1= 100 s and TDI = 25 s for first trial,
PBI = 20%, TI1= 70 s and TDI= 18 s for second trial and PBI = 10%, TI1= 22 s and TDI = 5 s .
Then , the response was showed for the load disturbance for first trail, there are a little bit
dropping effect with the sinusoidal response and when the set point change also have a changes
of half oscillation happened with sinusoidal response. Then, the second trial was proceed in this
experiment. The sinusoidal response also shown in this trial . when the MV increased the
dropping of the curve shown. and the increased of SV for set point changes it shown that it has a
little bit disturbance inside the process. Besides, for the third trial it shown that the sinusoidal
response showed with a few complete oscillation as a proven there have disturbance inside the
process that can effect the process. The set point changes disturbance also detected by increased
the SV and the response show that it is also sinusoidal response and it achieve steady stateat the
end.

The temperature process is typically slow compared to the others such as level, flow and
pressure. This is because the temperature process consume time to be increased or decreased of
temperature compare to the level , flow and level. Besides that, the time consume for increased
the temperature also depends on the capacity and size equipment of the process. The temperature
usually exhibits the over shoot. Overshoot is the height of higher peak of the response divided by
dead time. In this case where the system exhibits overshoot behavior in the heating up process,
the response time is usually stated as the time for the system to settle to within ±10% of the
steady state value.