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Coordination Compounds
A coordination compound (also called complexes) consists of a complex ion
(central atom+ ligand) and a counter ion.
A complex ion contains a central metal cation surrounded by ligands
The molecules or ions that surround the metal in a complex ion are called
ligands. A ligand has at least one unshared pair of valence electrons.
The atom in a ligand that is bound directly to the metal atom is the
donor atom.
O ••
N
H H H H H
Ligands
o a neutral molecule or ion having a lone pair that can be
donated (Lewis bases) to form a bond with a metal ion (Lewis
acid).
• the metal ion is a Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor).
• Lewis bases ( electron pair donor) by definition are
ligands.
o a metal–ligand bond is called a coordinative covalent bond.
• it results from a Lewis acid–base interaction in which a
ligand donates an electron pair to an empty orbital on a
metal ion
Coordination Number
The total number of dative covalent bonds the metal atom forms with
ligands is the coordination number.
The tetrahedron is the more common while the square planar is found in particular with
metal ions having a d8 electronic configuration
Cu
What are the oxidation numbers of the metals in
K[Au(OH)4] and [Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3 ?
? Cr + 6x(0) + 3x(-1) = 0
Cr = +3
Formulas of Coordination
Compounds
1. Cation then anion
2. Total charges must balance to zero
3. Complex ion in brackets
K2[Co(NH3)2Cl4]
[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
Names of Coordination
Compounds
1. Cation then anion
2. Ligands
in alphabetical order before metal ion
neutral: molecule name*
anionic: -ide -o
prefix indicates number of each
3. Oxidation state of metal ion in () only if more
than one possible
• Since there are three chlorides binding with the complex ion,
the charge on the complex ion must be +3 ( since the
compound is electrically neutral).
• From the charge on the complex ion and the charge on the
ligands, we can calculate the oxidation number of the metal.
In this example, all the ligands are neutral molecules.
Therefore, the oxidation number of chromium must be same
as the charge of the complex ion, +3.
• [Pt(NH3)5Cl]Br3
[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
tetraamminedichlorocobalt(III)
chloride
Can you give the molecular formulas of the
following coordination compounds?
1. hexaammineiron(III) nitrate
2. ammonium tetrachlorocuprate(II)
3. sodium monochloropentacyanoferrate(III)
4. potassium hexafluorocobaltate(III)
5. [CoBr(NH3)5]SO4
6. [Fe(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6]
7. [Co(SO4)(NH3)5]+
8. [Fe(OH)(H2O)5]2+
Answers:
1. [Fe(NH3)6](NO3)3
2. (NH4)2[CuCl4]
3. Na3[FeCl1(CN)5]
4. K3[CoF6]
5. pentaamminebromocobalt(III) sulfate
6. hexaammineiron(III)
hexacyanochromate (III)
7. pentaamminesulfatocobalt(III) ion
8. pentaaquahydroxoiron(III) ion
THE END
How to name them????
Examples Give the systematic names for
the following coordination compounds:
1. [Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3]Cl3
Answer: triamminetriaquachromium(III) chloride
Solution: The complex ion is inside the parentheses, which is a
cation.
The ammine ligands are named before the aqua ligands
according to alphabetical order.
Since there are three chlorides binding with the complex ion, the
charge on the complex ion must be +3 ( since the compound is
electrically neutral).
From the charge on the complex ion and the charge on the
ligands, we can calculate the oxidation number of the metal. In
this example, all the ligands are neutral molecules. Therefore, the
oxidation number of chromium must be same as the charge of
the complex ion, +3.
2. [Pt(NH3)5Cl]Br3 3. [Pt(H2NCH2CH2NH2)2Cl2]Cl2
Answer:
Answer:
pentaamminechloroplatinum(I
dichlorobis(ethylenedi
V) bromide
amine)platinum(IV)
Solution: The complex ion is
chloride
a cation, the counter anion is
Solution:
the 3 bromides.
ethylenediamine is a
The charge of the complex
bidentate ligand, the
ion must be +3 since it bonds
bis- prefix is used
with 3 bromides.
instead of di-
The NH3 are neutral
molecules while the chloride
carries - 1 charge. Therefore,
the oxidation number of
platinum must be +4.
4. [Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2(SO4)3 5. K4[Fe(CN)6]
Answer:
tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Answer: potassium
sulfate hexacyanoferrate(II)
Solution: The sulfate is the Solution: potassium is the
counter anion in this molecule. cation and the complex
Since it takes 3 sulfates to bond ion is the anion.
with two complex cations, the
Since there are 4 K+
charge on each complex cation
binding with a complex
must be +3.
Since ethylenediamine is a ion, the charge on the
neutral molecule, the oxidation complex ion must be - 4.
number of cobalt in the complex Since each ligand carries
ion must be +3. –1 charge, the oxidation
Again, remember that you never number of Fe must be +2.
have to indicate the number of The common name of this
cations and anions in the name of compound is potassium
an ionic compound. ferrocyanide.
6. Na2[NiCl4] 7. Pt(NH3)2Cl4
Answer: sodium Answer:
tetrachloronickelate(II) diamminetetrachloroplatinum(I
Solution: The complex ion V)
is the anion so we have to Solution: This is a neutral
add the suffix –ate in the molecule because the charge
name of the metal. on Pt+4 equals the negative
charges on the four chloro
ligands.
If the compound is
[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]Cl2, eventhough
the number of ions and atoms
in the molecule are identical to
the example, it should be
named:
diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
chloride, a big difference.
8. Fe(CO)5 9. (NH4)2[Ni(C2O4)2(H2O)2]