Dystan Medical Supply Company

Cold or Hot Packs

By: Max Iwaniec

AMES Section

20 February 2018
Introduction

Salt is one of the most common and unique substances in the world. There

are many different kinds of salts and some can even produce heat or cold when

forming. A salt is made up of positive and negative ions. Since salt is made up of

ions the compound itself can be formed and dissociated. This makes some salts

very useful in a commercial product. Many company’s have made cold and hot

packs but some salts are better at heating and cooling then others. The Dystan

Medical Supply company has decided to readvise and remarked some of their

cold and hot packs. Which salt will be the best to use in the new cold and hot

packs?

As a new employ the first project is to figure out which salts will be the best

to use for the new line of cold and hot packs. This experiment’s goal is to find the

reaction with the greatest heat or cold at the cheapest manufacturing price using

calorimetry (the science of measuring the change in heat associated with a

chemical reaction). This rebranding will help draw the eye of customers away

from competition and to us alone.

We will be determining which salt is the best option by calculating the given

salt’s molar dissolution. Then we will be figuring out which reaction produces the
most heat or cold over the longest amount of time. As well as figure, out if one

salt is to dangers to use in the product.

Procedure

Obtain:

- 3 grams of each salt

- MeasureNet temperature probe

- Styrofoam Cups

- lids

- Magnetic stirrer and stir bar

Once all required items and materials are obtained do two determinations of

the enthalpy for each given salt. While setting up experiment be sure that enough

distilled water is used to cover the temperature probe. Collect temperature vs

time that will be used later. When setting up your calorimetry, remember to stack

two strophe cups together so little to no extra temperature can affect the

reaction. Use 100 mL of H2O (distilled). As well as start recording your data a little

before you combine the substances.

After the experiments are done determine a proper amount of salt for each

cold and hot pack outside of the lab. Determine how much salt is needed for zero
Celsius cold pack. Determine how much salt is needed for a 65 Celsius hot pack.

After the amount of salt needed for all four salts are figured out determine the

amount it would cost to produce the hot and cold packs with the information

bellow:

Ammonium nitrate $26.20 per 500 g

Calcium chloride $31.70 per 500 g

Lithium chloride $65.00 per 500 g

Potassium chloride $28.19 per 500 g

Labor cost per unit $0.73

Capital/overhead cost per unit $0.36

Plastic bag cost per unit $0.19

 After the dollar amounts have been added up determine if Dystan

Company’s new hot and cold packs will have a sufficient profit or not.

Results

Mass Initial Final

H2O Temp Temp
Trial 1 Hot 51.5 72 35
Cold 21.24 50 35
Trial 2 Hot 52 78 43
Cold 50 22.14 43

Initial
Salt Mass Salt (g) Mass H2O(g) Temp(oC) Final Temp(oC)
T1 (NH4)(NO3) 1 25 22.27 19.58
T2 1 25 22.83 19.93
T1 KCl 1 25 22.51 22.26
T2 1 25 22.33 20.47
T1 LiCl 1 25 24.41 30.73
T2 1 25 22.92 28.94
T1 CaCl2 1 25 22.79 27.94
T2 1 25 22.53 27.43

Based on data above:

(NH4)(NO3)= endothermic reaction---Good for cold packs

KCl= endothermic reaction---Good for cold packs but not very effective

LiCl= exothermic reaction---Good for hot packs

CaCl2= exothermic reaction---Good for hot packs

(NH4)(NO3)= $26.20/500g= $0.05per gram + (0.73+0.36+0.19) = $1.33 cost per cold pack

$1.33 - $5.00 = + $3.67 profit per cold pack

KCl--- Not very effective so it has been disqualified at useful.

LiCl= $65.00/500g= $0.13 per gram + (0.73+0.36+0.19) = $1.41 cost per hot pack

$1.41 - $5.00 = + $3.59 profit per hot pack

CaCl2= $31.70/500g= $0.06 per gram + (0.73+0.36+0.19) = $1.34 cost per hot pack

$1.34 - $5.00 = + $3.66 profit per hot pack

The NH4)(NO3) and the CaCl2 Salts will be the best options for the new cold and hot packs in terms of

effectiveness and cost/profit.

 Temperature Temperature

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40

50
1 1
5 7
9 13
13
19
17
21 25
25 31
29 37
33 43
37
49
41
45 55
49 61
53 67
57 73
Time(s)

Time (s)
Contral Trial 2
Contral Trial 1

61 79
65
85
69
73 91
77 97
81 103
85 109
89
115
93
97 121
101 127
105 133
 LiCl Trial 1
35

30
Temperature 25

20

15

10

0
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85
Time (s)

LiCl trial 2
35

30

25
Temperature

20

15

10

0
16

81
1
6
11

21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
61
66
71
76

86
91
96
101
106
111
116
121

Time (s)
 Temperature Temperature

0
5
10
15
20
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30

30
1 1
5 6
9 11
13 16
17
21
21
25 26
29 31
33 36
37 41
41 46
45 51
49 56
53
61
57

Time (s)
Time (s)

CaCl2 Trial 2
CaCl2 Trial 1

61 66
65 71
69 76
73 81
77 86
81 91
85 96
89
101
93
97 106
101 111
105 116
 Temperature Temperature

20
21
22

19.5
20.5
21.5
22.5
22.1
22.15
22.2
22.25
22.3
22.35
22.4
22.45
22.5
22.55

1 1
7
10
13
19 19
25 28
31 37
37 46
43 55
49 64
55 73
61 82
67
91
73
79 KCl Trial 2 100
KCl Trial 1

85 109

Time (s)
Time (s)

91 118
97 127
103 136
109 145
115 154
121
163
127
172
133
139 181
145 190
151 199
157 208
 Temperature Temperature

18
19
20
21
22
23
18
19
20
21
22

18.5
19.5
20.5
21.5
22.5
18.5
19.5
20.5
21.5
22.5

23.5
1 1
5 7
9 13
13 19
17
25
21
31
25
29 37
33 43
37 49
41 55
45 61
49 67
53
73

Time (s)
Time (s)

57
79
61
(NH4)(NO3) Trial 2
(NH4)(NO3) Trial 1

65 85
69 91
73 97
77 103
81 109
85 115
89 121
93
127
97
133
101
Bibliography

Canvas Files (Jan. 5, 2018)

General Chemistry second edition, Bobby Stanton | Lin Zhu | Charles H. Atwood

(2010)-Book

Canvas file, instructional videos Exp. 22 (Dec. 5, 2014)

Crash Course Video, John Green