Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Compiled by Jin/Jiangxin
E-mail: jinjiangxin@hxdi.com
2008/5/8
course contents
Analysis data and make Make optimization plan, hardware problem list,
optimization plan DT plan, check cell health, consistency, frequency,
LAC data, neighbor
PSTN Network
OMC
HLR/Auc/EIR
GSM Core Network
MSC/VLR
Abis
Um
SMS-GMSC/IWMSC
MS Gs
Pb
GBTS
Gb Billing Center
EDGE PCU
SGSN
CG
GPRS Core Network
Um
GPRS Backbone
Gi
MT Internet
GGSN
DNS
TE
Review of BTS312
TDU
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX
CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit
C S T T T T
TRX: Transceiver Module
D C R R R R
FAN BOX
TEU: Transmission Extension Unit
C S T T T T
TDU: Time Distribution Unit
D C R R R R
U U X X X X
air/fan
P P P P P P P TT T T T Common
S S S S S S M MM E E E equipment
U U U U U U U UU S U U
AIR BOX
TMU
Extended BIU
BSC BIU
DBUS Internal data bus
MMI man-
machine OMU CBUS Internal control bus
interface
External Internal
Alarming
EAC MCK TDU clock bus
control
Function:
Standby MCK Core of site
Timing
Transmission
Management
CDU
TX1
Combiner Coupler TX/RX-ANT
TX2
TX-COMB
TX-DUP
RX1
RX2 Distributor
RX3
RX4
HL-out
RX1
RX2
RX3 Distributor
RX4
HL-in
RXD-out RXD
RX3
RX4 Distributor
SCU: no coupler
Four carriers are combined
output through 2steps of 3dB bridges
plug loss is 6.8dB.
Review of BTS3012
DPU: Digital Power Unit Principle for RF send and receive mode:
Send: combining when TRU combined actually
TRU: Transceiver Unit no combining when TRU not combined actually
PMU: Power Monitoring Unit Receive: dividing receiver when TRU combined
indepandent receiver when TRU no combined
TMU: Timing/Transmission & Management
Access link check
Dual polarization
Lightning arrester
antenna
DIN connector Lightning arrester/feeder Antenna
connector(DIN) Connector(DIN)
Jumper/TTA
jumper Connector (DIN)
Jumper
connector(DIN)
TTA
option
TDU
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX
Inside jumper
C S T T T T
Jumper/TTA
connector(DIN)
D C R R R R
U U X X X X
AIR BOX
C S T T T T
TRX jumper D C R R R R
TX and RDX cables
U U X X X X
FAN BOX
C S T T T T
BTS rack
D C R R R R
U U X X X X
P P P P P P P TT T T T
S S S S S S M MM E E E
U U U U U U U UU S U U
AIR BOX
Chapter 1 GSM system
1. Work items in an optimization project
2. Review of the GSM system
3. Based technology in GSM system
4. Drive test and analysis
5. Parameters in common use
6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use
7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure
8. Selection and reselection
9. SDCCH congestion
10. TCH congestion and drops
11. Call progress introduction in common use
12. Power control algorithm
13. Handover algorithm
14. Cases according to statistics data
Um layer
Mobility MNG(MM)
Multi-frame
GSM protocol stake
22.8kbit/s,456 bits,20ms
33.8kbit/s
transmission
Interleaving Cipher Burst pulse Modulate
78bit
Speech coding :
Coding type: RPE-LTP
sampling 8Khz,and 20ms/frame,
in each frame there are 4 sub-frame
then get a rate of 13kbit/s.
260bits/20ms=13kbit/s
Channel coding:
456bit/20ms=22.8kbit/s
456bit/8=57bit/frame
Rectangular interleave B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
. . . . . . . .
.... ....
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456
Diagonal interleave
0 1 2 3 47 48 49 50
0 1 24 25
1Bit period=0.577ms/156.25=3.68us
TA=63bit/max*3.69us/bit=233us for normal cell
Radius/max twice(ms to BTS to ms): 233us*300000km/s=70km
Max cell radius is 70km/2 35km
1TA=1bit=554m
TA=219bit/max in 2 timeslot extended cell,radius/max=120km
Channels
Logical channel
Broadcast control channel Common control channel Control channel Voice channel
(BCCH) (CCCH) (TCH)
TCH/H
FCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH RACH SDCCH FACCH TCH/F
(system information)
TCH/9.6F
SACCH
TCH/ 4.8F, H
TCH/ 2.4F, H
Downlink and uplink channels
FCCH
Common BCCH SCH Downlink CCCH
BCCH
Channel
PCH
CCCH AGCH
PCH AGCH
SDCCH
Dedicated DCCH SACCH
FACCH
Channel
TCH/F
TCH TCH/H
Common
RACH CCCH Channel
Uplink CCCH
SDCCH
SACCH DCCH Dedicated
FACCH Channel
RACH TCH/F
TCH/H TCH
CCCH configuration
Ccch_conf: ccch blocks in a 51 CCCH-multi-frames Ccch config Ccch blocks
When one no-combined case: one combined 3
bs_ag_blks_res: AGCH reserve blocks : 2
bs_pa_mfrms: paging blocks : 2 one no-combined 9
Paging sub-frame: (9-2)*(bs_pa_mfrms)=14 two no-combined 18
three no-combined 27
four no-combined 36
Pch blocks=Ccch blocks-(bs_ag_blks_res),
if ccch_config=1 non_combined, bs_ag_blks_res=2, then PCH=9-2=7.
each CCCH 51-multi-frames will be lasted 235.4ms
Pch blocks/sec= Pch blocks/0.2354ms=29.7 blocks/sec
2 times in each Pch blocks for IMSI paging type
4 times in each Pch blocks for TMSI paging type
So total paging times/max=Pch blocks/sec*(times in each Pch blocks)
Functions of Channels
“off” state
Search for frequency correction burst FCCH
Search for synchronization sequence SCH
Read system information BCCH
idle mode
Listen paging message PCH
Send access burst RACH
Wait for signaling channel allocation AGCH
dedicated
mode
Call setup SDCCH
Assign traffic channel SDCCH
Conversation TCH
idle mode
Call release FACCH
Rxlevel calculation and transmit model
RxLev=EIRP-Path Loss
1, EIRP: efficient power of BTS.
EIRP=10log[P_Forward(mW)-P_Reflected(mW)]+Tx_Antenna_Gain+Rx_Antenna_Gain-Rx_Feeder_Loss
P_Forward: power of forward direction(mW)
P_Reflected: power of reflected direction(mW)
Tx_Antenna_Gain: TX antenna gain of BTS (dbi)
Rx_Antenna_Gain: RX antenna gain dbi)
Rx_Feeder_Loss: loss of feeder cable
Note: the values are only reference to, and need to corrected in planning project.
K1: loss constant for freq.
Density urban: K1=69.55+26.16lg(F)
Urban : K1=69.55+26.16lg(F)-2[lg(F/28)]2-5.4)
Country : K1=69.55+26.16lg(F)-4.78[lg(F)]2+18.33lg(F)-40.94)
K2: loss constant for distance:
K3,K4: corrected coefficient for mobile antenna height
K5,K6: corrected coefficient for BTS antenna height
K7: corrected constant for diffraction
Kclutter: corrected coefficient for clutter.
tg(B-A/2)=H/R
B: down-tilt
A: vertical beam width
H: antenna height
R1,2,3: coverage range
Frequency band and channels
GSM 900:
GSM 1800:
1710 uplink 1785 1805 downlink 1880
Parameters set:
900 cells offer coverage service (Layer 3)
1800 cells offer traffic service (Layer 2)
MS stay in Layer 2 more (high cell priority)
Set much CRO in 1800 cells
Set easy access parameters in 1800 cells
Set easy handover to 1800 cells
Set 1800 TRU as overlay in concentric HO
Set 900 TRU as underlay in concentric HO
RLT (DL) and SACCH multi-frame (UL)
Radio_link_timeout (DL,S(T100) )
S+2 when MS decode a SACCH multi-frame correctly, S<= RLT/max.
S -1 when MS can’t decode a SACCH multi-frame correctly.
S=0,MS gives up the radio resource connection, a drop call occurs.
SACCH-multi-frames(UL)
Value +2 when BTS decode a SACCH multi-frame,<= SACCH-multi-frames/max.
Value –1 When BTS can’t decode a SACCH multi-frame,
Value=0.BTS stop transmitting downlink SACCH. and start T3109.
When T100 timeout in handset ,a drop call occurs.
When T3109 timeout in BTS,BTS release channel, BSC sends “Clear request” to MSC.
Reasons of RF loss
Interfering
Bad rx_lev
Incorrect PWR control parameter.
Hardware problem.
TRX Pwr class difference in the same cell.
HO drops.
Neighbor cell relations problem.
Incorrect HO algorithm and parameters
RLT,SACCH-multi-frame not correct.
Measure reports (MR) and SACCH frame
MS measure the uplink and downlink during the dedication mode.
MS/BTS measures and report the uplink/downlink information.
The results are prepare for HO, pwr control
Contents in MR
Actual TA of MS
Actual tx-pwr of MS
The BA changes indicator
DTX used indicator
The rx_lev and rx_qual in uplink and downlink
The rxlev,freq, BSIC of the 6 best neighbors
Frequency reuse and hopping
Common Reuse 4*3 pattern : 4 sites and 3 sector in one frequency group
Lack of channel mode: BCCH 4*3, TCH 1*3 or 1*1 hopping
MRP:(multi-reuse pattern) freq. number of Bcch1≥ Tch2≥Tch3 ≥Tch4 ≥...... ≥ Tchn
IUO: intelligence underlay and overlay
Hopping: 4*3, 1*3, 1*1(1*3: MA >=2*TRX, ,1*1: MA >=2*TRX(total))
C/I must be comply for the formula as below: C/I=(useful signal)/(useless signal)
D=Distance of frequency re-use =carrier/interference
R=Radius of cell Standard: C/I=9db project: C/I=12db
N=No. of frequency re-use (E.g. 4*3=12,1*3=3) Standard: C/A=-9db, project: C/A=-6db
Hopping
Frequency
Hopping algorithm(HSN=0)
F0 MAI=(FN+MAIO)mod N, RFCHN=MA(MAI)
FH mode: base-band and RF hopping
F1 MA: hopping frequency, 1*3,1*1 need MA>=2TRXs
MAIO: No.of TRX-1
F2
HSN: 0-63
F3 TSC: BCC
FN: 2048*51*26 used in hopping algorithm
F4
N: total of MA in one cell
Frame
Time
BCCH channel no hopping (benefit to decode BCCH)
SDCCH and TCH channel can hopping
Band hopping and RF hopping
1*3 hopping
Each cell have a MA in same site
Same MA and MAIO in same
direct cells in different sites
Be sure no neighbor-MAIO in same
cell or in the same direct cells.
Will get more interfering if the
azimuth of sites is not regular
1*1 hopping
Each cell have the same MA in all cells
Different MAIO in each cell in one site
Same MAIO in same direct cells in different sites
Frequency planning principles
Benefits to network:
Offer better speech quality: the speech quality is
better than EFR/HR when system use AMR-FR
and AMR-HR whether the interfering is high or low.
Improvement the re-use rate of frequency: the
performance is better when system use the No. of
frequency re-use=9(3*3) and 12(4*3) than
N=12(4*3) and 18(6*3), It means that the system
can offer higher No. of frequency re-use mode in
the condition of the same speech quality.
Improvement the edge coverage. For C/I, AMR-FR
4.75k need 3dB while EFR 8dB to keep the
FER<1%. It means that the performance is
improved from 3dB to 8 dB in the coder-encoder
between AMR-FR and EFR. So the MOS is
improved at the edge of coverage.
Channel assignment of AMR
Channel assignment principle of AMR
adjust AMR supports according to the busyness type, speech version, circuit pool when BSC receive
the assignment command message which sent from MSCBSC.
Prefer to assign AMR channel if system support AMR.
Prefer to assign common channel if system not support AMR
Parameters for AMR:
A interface tag: Phase II+
(BSC32)CIC pool:27
Support FR speech version 1~3
Support HR speech version 1~3
(BSC32)Query TC: support FR/HR speech version 3
Support AMR:AMR switch support。
active ACS(FR/HR):4 selected rate for AMR-FR, 3 selected rate for AMR-HR
AMR start mode: the original AMR rate
AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.th1: adjust threshold between 0-1, stet: 0.5db
AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.th2: adjust threshold between 1-2, stet: 0.5db
AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.th3: adjust threshold between 2-3, stet: 0.5db
AMR UL/DL coding rate adj.hyst1: adjust hysist between 0-1, stet: 0.5db
AMR UL/DL coding rate adj. hyst2: adjust t hysist between 1-2, stet: 0.5db
AMR UL/DL coding rate adj. hyst3: adjust hysist between 2-3, stet: 0.5db
SDCCH congestion rate (%)= K3001:Failed SDCCH Seizures due to Busy SDCCH
K3000:SDCCH Seizure Requests
●BSC level
●Cell level
●TRX level
DT method
Analysis the coverage rationality
Bad coverage area and betterment
Analysis the abnormal layer 3 message
Interfering analysis
Call setup failure analysis
HO parameters
PWR control parameters
Signalling analysis and compare method
Signal analysis method:
Signaling analysis method requires engineer master every step and statistic counter.
Trace the calls and analysis the signaling information
Analysis problems in the call-process step
Compare the counters in the call process step and find out the max lost count point.
Analysis the every detail call-process step
Find out the problem result
Select boundary,
Reselect
HO outgoing
boundary,HO_out
The two tables can be different,but they are almost the same in common use.
Process of mobile turn on (selection)
MS have not save the present BCCH info. (initial turn on)
Scan all the channel and assess the rx_lev in each ARFCN
MS tune to the max rx-lev,and judge if it is the BCCH
If it is the BCCH ,then MS try to decode the BCCH info.
MS select the cell as flowing
Decode info.correctly,and the cell is among the PLMN
The cell is not BARED;
C1>0
CRO: =2*n dB
TO: =10*n dB
PT: =20*(n+1)s
CRH=2*n dB
Cases:
PI=0,C2 has no affect (suppose to the same layer)
micro A: C1=35,
macro B: C1=45,
so micro A: C1<macro B: C1, thus MS prefer to reselect B
PI=1,C2 have some affect (suppose to the same layer)
micro CRO=20,macro CRO=0
so micro A: C2=55,> macro B: C2=45, thus MS prefer to reselect A
Chapter 1 GSM system
1. Work items in an optimization project
2. Review of the GSM system
3. Based technology in GSM system
4. Drive test and analysis
5. Parameters in common use
6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use
7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure
8. Selection and reselection
9. SDCCH congestion
10. TCH congestion and drops
11. Call progress introduction in common use
12. Power control algorithm
13. Handover algorithm
14. Cases according to statistics data
SDCCH and Location update
Ms will occur location update as follows: SDCCH traffic includes:
Choose a new LAC cell as the service Call setup (MOC,MTC)
T3212 timeout Location update
ATT(IMSI attach and detach) SMS
Roaming location update (inter mobile operators) ATT
Choose reasonable parameter with SD congestion cell CDB (cell database broadcast)
Partition LAC in reason
MS BTS BSC MSC
Choose correct parameter about T3212
Channel_req Channel_Required(2)
Add SDCCH channels
Active SDCCH dynamic configuration Channel_Active(3)
Choose correct C1,CRO,CRH
Channel_Active_Ack(4)
SDCCH process died (reset BCCH TRX)
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND (5)
SDCCH dynamic configuration parameters First SABM
SDCCH dynamic allocation allowed Establish_IND(Location Updating Req) (6)
switch-yes/no CR(Complete_L3)
Idle SD thrth.
TCH change to SD(for TCH>4 or TRXs) CC
Cell SD maximum Location Updating Accepted (10)
=SD configured +8
TMSI Reallocation Complete (11)
Tch minimum recovery times
minimum time from TCH to SDCCH and back to TCH (NOTE 3) Clear_CMD
Idle TCH thrth N1 Clear_CMP
When TCH change to SD,it is set a count as ResTIME.
And during the period of SD return to TCH,
if idle SD>N1+8, then count-3->0,SD return to TCH
If idle SD<N1+8,then count+12<=restime
If idle SD=N1+8,the not adjust.
Chapter 1 GSM system
1. Work items in an optimization project
2. Review of the GSM system
3. Based technology in GSM system
4. Drive test and analysis
5. Parameters in common use
6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use
7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure
8. Selection and reselection
9. SDCCH congestion
10. TCH congestion and drops
11. Call progress introduction in common use
12. Power control algorithm
13. Handover algorithm
14. Cases according to statistics data
Reasons of congestion
Reasons of TCH congestion
Traffic not balanced between service and neighbors
Traffic not balanced between underlay and overlay in concentric
Hardware problem and some TRX OOS.
Traffic is more than the capacity.
Incorrect coverage area
Incorrect C1,C2 parameters
Incorrect HO parameters
Transmission problem
SDCCH congestion but TCH traffic low
Select boundary,
Reselect
HOoutgoing
boundary,HO_out
HO_out
HO_out. Rselect HO to A
Rselect RHO_OUT
reselect Reselect>RHO_out HO_in
RHO_in>RHO_out lead
C1= (A - Max. (B, 0)) to pingpong HO
predigest=(Rxlev Average-rxlev_access_min )
Thereinto :
A=Rxlev Average - rxlev_access_min
B= ms_txpwr_max_cch - ms Max allowed power(ms pwr class)
1, C1(cell A)-C1(cell B)=ΔRXLEV_BCCH-ΔRXLEV_ACCESS_MIN>0
2, PBGT(N)=-ΔRXLEV_BCCH >HO_MARGIN , so C1(cell B)-C1(cell A)=HO_MARGIN+ΔRXLEV_ACCESS_MIN <0
MS will setup calls in the cell A,and handover to cell B immediately.
Note:
Need to select “inter-cell ho thrsh.” =0 and “PBGT ho thrsh”<64.
Inter-cell HO thrsh. In cell B to cell A Need more than the value from cell A to cell B
Or this parameter will lead to pingpong HO when using –PBGP HO process.
Eg.1: reselect>HO_out
HO_MARGIN A→B= -5, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm)
HO_MARGIN B→A=8, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm)
To cell A: ΔRXLEV_ACCESS_MIN+HO_MARGIN=(5-5)-5=-5<0
The ms setup calls in cell A ,and immediately handover to cell B
Eg.2: reselect<HO_out
HO_MARGIN A→B=-5, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=15(-95dbm)
HO_MARGIN B→A=8, RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN=5(-105dbm)
To cell A: ΔRXLEV_ACCESS_MIN+HO_MARGIN=(15-5)-5=5>0
The ms setup calls in cell A ,but not HO to cell B immediately
Direct retry and load HO
DR to the nei cells
Cell A
Cell B
MS2
MS1 ho to B
MS1
load ho thrsh
RHO_out
MS1
Load ho band
Load HO parameters:
Load HO Load ho allowed (original cell and direct cell)
System flux thrsh. For load ho
Load ho thrsh.
Load req. on candidate cell
Load ho bandwidth
Load ho step period
Load ho step level
TCH drops
Reasons of drop calls Drop statistics items for BSC32 (9 items)
Interfering Unsuccessful TCH seizure (connection failure)
Bad rx_lev Unsuccessful TCH seizure (error indicator)
Unsuccessful TCH seizure (internal clear)
Bad rx_qual Unsuccessful TCH seizure (release indicator)
Coverage confused Unsuccessful TCH seizure (EMLPP)
Hardware problem and VSWR Unsuccessful cell internal handover with unsuccessful reversion
HO drops Unsuccessful BSC internal handover with unsuccessful reversion
Neighbor cell relations and data problem. Unsuccessful outgoing BSC handover with unsuccessful reversion
Antenna physical parameter wrong Unsuccessful incoming BSC handover (timeout)
K3022: Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel)=
Crossed feeder cables [Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (Signaling Channel)] +
Wrong jump connect cables wrong in cabinet [Call Drops on Radio Interface in Handover State (Signaling Channel)] +
RLT, Sacch-multi-frame not correct. [Call Drops due to No MRs from MS for a Long Time (Signaling Channel)] +
[Call Drops due to Abis Terrestrial Link Failure (Signaling Channel)] +
Incorrect HO algorithm and parameters [Call Drops due to Equipment Failure (Signaling Channel)] +
TRX PWR class difference in the same cell. [Call Drops due to Forced Handover (Signaling Channel)]
Incorrect PWR control parameter. K3012A: Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel)=
[Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (TCH)] +
Wrong configuration data [Call Drops due to No MRs from MS for a Long Time (TCH)] +
Transmission not in stable [Call Drops due to Abis Terrestrial Link Failure (TCH)] +
[Call Drops due to Equipment Failure (TCH)] +
TMU version process problem [Call Drops due to Forced Handover (TCH)]
Radio link not balanced K3012B: Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)=
Drop items for BSC6000 (3 summary items) [Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)] +
[Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)] +
K3022: Call Drops on TCH (Signaling Channel) [Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channe
K3012A: Call Drops on TCH in Stable State (Traffic Channel) [Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channe
K3012B: Call Drops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel) [Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8 Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)]
[Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8 Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)]
[Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired) (TCH) (Traffic Channel
Chapter 1 GSM system
1. Work items in an optimization project
2. Review of the GSM system
3. Based technology in GSM system
4. Drive test and analysis
5. Parameters in common use
6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use
7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure
8. Selection and reselection
9. SDCCH congestion
10. TCH congestion and drops
11. Call progress introduction in common use
12. Power control algorithm
13. Handover algorithm
14. Cases according to statistics data
Call process of MOC
MSC BSC BTS MS
1 Channel Request(RACH)
2 Channel Required
3 Channel Activation
4 Channel Activation Ack
5 Immediate Assigment Command Immediate Assigment (AGCH)
6
65 SCCP Release
66 SCCP Release Ack
Call process of MTC
MSC BSC BTS MS
1 Paging
2 Paging Command
3 Paging Request
4 Channel Request(RACH)
5 Channel Required
6 Channel Activation
7 Channel Activation Ack
8 Immediate Assigment Command
9 Immediate Assigment (AGCH)
10 SABM Paging Response(SDCCH)
12 Paging Response 11 Paging Response(SDCCH)
Establish Indication 13 UA(SDCCH)
14 Authentication Request 15 Authentication Request(SDCCH)
16 Authentication Reponse(SDCCH)
17 Authentication Reponse
18 Ciphering Mode Command
19 Ciphering Mode Command20 Ciphering Mode Command(SDCCH)
21 Ciphering Mode Complete(SDCCH)
22 Ciphering Mode Complete
23 TMSI Reallocation Command 24 TMSI Reallocation Command(SDCCH)
25 TMSI Reallocation Complete(SDCCH)
26 TMSI Reallocation Complete
27 Setup
28 Setup(SDCCH)
30 Call Comfirm 29 Call Comfirm(SDCCH)
31 Assignment Request
32 Channel Activation
33 Channel Activation Ack
34 Assignment Command(SDCCH)
35 SABM(FACCH)
36 Establish Indication
37 UA(FACCH)
38 Assignment Complete(FACCH)
39 Assignment Complete
40 Channel Release
41 Deactive SACCH
42 Release Indication
43 RF Channel Release
44 RF Channel Release Ack
46 Alerting 45 Alerting(FACCH)
48 Connect 47 Connect(FACCH)
49 Connect Ack 50 Connect Ack(FACCH)
Measurement Report(SACCH)
52 Prep-Measurement Result 51
53 Disconnect(FACCH)
54 Disconnect
55 Release
56 Release(FACCH)
57 Release Complete(FACCH)
58 Release Complete
59 Clear Command
60 Channel Release(FACCH)
61 Deactivate SACCH
62 DISC(FACCH)
63 UA(SACCH)
64 Release Indication
65 RF Channel Release
68 SCCP Release
69 SCCP Release Ack
Circuit Paging (BSC level)
MS BTS BSC PCU SGSN MSC/VLR
1. PAGING
12'. PAGING
A1 13'. PAGING 11'. PAGING
REQUEST
REQUEST
A2
3. PAGING REQUEST 2. PAGING COMMAND
B1
BTS BSC MSC/VLR
HANDOVER REQUIRED
Unsuccessful outgoing BSC handovers
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND A1: unsuccessful outgoing BSC handovers with successful reversion
B1-B3: unsuccessful outgoing BSC handovers with unsuccessful reversion
HANDOVER FAILURE
A1 HANDOVER FAILURE
CONN FAIL IND
ERROR INDICATION B1
B2
CLEAR COMMAND
B3
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
Incoming BSC HO (BSC level)
CHANNEL REQUEST
TCH-ATT-C 61 SD-ATT-C1
TCH-ATT-C 62 TCH-ATT-C1
TCH-ATT-C 7 TCH-ATT-BSC1
SD-ATT-BSC1
TCH-ATT-C 6
CHANNEL REQUIRED
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE
SD-SUCC-C 1
TCH-SUCC-C 6
TCH-SUCC-C 1
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN CMMAND
EST_IND
SD-SUCC-C4
Immediate assignment process
SD-ATT-C1: attempted SDCCH seizures(all)
TCH -ATT-C1: attempted TCH seizures(all)
TCH -ATT-C6: attempted TCH seizures for very early assignment
TCH -ATT-C7: attempted TCH seizures for SDCCH overflow
SD-SUCC-C1: successful SDCCH seizures(all)
SD-SUCC-C4: successful SDCCH seizures for immediate assignment
TCH -SUCC-C6: successful TCH seizures for very early assignment
TCH -SUCC-C1: successful TCH seizures(all)
TCH -SUCC-C61: successful TCH allocation for very early assignment
TCH -SUCC-C62: successful TCH allocation for SDCCH overflow
Assignment (cell level)
MS BTS BSC MSC
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
TCH-ATT-BSC 2 TCH-ATT-C 2
TCH-ATT-C 8
TCH-ATT-C 9
TCH-ATT-C 10
TCH-ATT-C 5
QUEUEING INDICATION
TCH-ATT-C16 TCH-ATT-C14
(directly retry)HANDOVER REQIRED
TCH-ATT-C13
(directly retry)HANDOVER REQUEST ACK
TCH-SUCC-C13 TCH-SUCC-C21,22
TCH-SUCC-C52,53,54,55,56
TCH-SUCC-C82,83
TCH-SUCC-C92,93
CHANNEL ACTIVATION TCH-SUCC-C102,103
.ASSIGN CMMAND
SABM
ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
TCH-SUCC-C23
TCH-SUCC-C51,54,55,56
TCH-SUCC-C81
TCH-SUCC-C91
TCH-SUCC-C101
TCH -ATT-C2: attempted TCH seizures(all) TCH -SUCC-C21--23: successful TCH seizures(all)
TCH -ATT-C5: attempted TCH seizures for call TCH -SUCC-C51--53: successful TCH seizures for call
TCH -ATT-C8: attempted TCH seizures for MOC TCH -SUCC-C81--83: successful TCH seizures for MOC
TCH -ATT-C9: attempted TCH seizures for MTC TCH -SUCC-C91--93: successful TCH seizures for MTC
TCH -ATT-C10: attempted TCH seizures for call-reestablish TCH -SUCC-C101--103: successful TCH seizures for call-reestablish
TCH -ATT-C13: attempted TCH seizures for directed retry TCH -SUCC-C13: successful TCH for directed retry
TCH -ATT-C14: TCH queue requests TCH -SUCC-C54: successful assignments of speech v1 TCH
TCH -ATT-C16: TCH preemption TCH -SUCC-C55: successful assignments of speech v2 TCH
TCH -SUCC-C56: successful assignments of speech v3 TCH
TCH call drop (cell level)
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
CHANNEL ACTICATION
.ASSIGN CMMAND
SABM
ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA
ERROR INDICATION
A1
CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION
A2
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT
CHAN ACT NACK
CONN FAIL IND A4
CONN FAIL IND
A1 , F2 A2, B2
ERROR IND ERROR IND
A4, F4 A5, B4
CHAN ACT ACK
CLEAR COMMAND
A6, F6 .HANDOVER COMMAND
Old Channel
Old Channel .HANDOVER COMMAND ERROR IND
A6 , B5
ERROR IND
A5, F5, H2, J2 CONN FAIL IND
CONN FAIL IND A1 , B1
A2, F3, H1,J1 CLEAR COMMAND
.HANDOVER FAILURE A7, F7
Old Channel A3, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1, G1, I1 HANDOVER DETECTIOIN
HANDOVER COMPLETE New Channel
New Channel ERROR IND
HANDOVER PERFORMED A7 , B6
CONN FAIL IND
A3 , B3
HANDOVER COMPLETE
Outgoing internal inter cell HO failure
New Channel
A1-A7: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers HANDOVER PERFORMED
B1: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (channel mode unacceptable)
C1: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (TA out of rage)
D1: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (freq. not implemented)
E1: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (timer expired) incoming internal inter cell HO failure
F1-F7: unsuccessful outgoing internal intercell handovers (other causes) A1-A7: unsuccessful incoming internal inter cell handovers
G1: unsuccessful internal intercell handovers with successful reversion B1-B6: unsuccessful incoming internal inter cell handovers(other causes)
H1-H2: unsuccessful internal intercell handovers with unsuccessful reversion
I1: unsuccessful outging cell handovers with successful reversion
J1-J2: unsuccessful outging cell handovers with unsuccessful reversion
Outgoing interBSC inter cell HO
MS BSC1 MSC/VLR BSC2 MS MS BSC1 MSC/VLR BSC2
outgoing Inter bss inter cell HO attempted outgoing Inter bss inter cell HO successful
A1: attempt outgoing interBSC intercell handovers A1: successful outgoing interBSC intercell handovers
B1: inter BSC outgoing cell handovers B1: successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers(to900cell)
C1: outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers(to900cell) C1: successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers(to900cell)
D1: outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers(to900cell) D1: successful dual-band intercell handovers
E1: successful dual-band intercell handovers E1: successful outgoing intercell handovers(12 causes)
F1: attempted outgoing intercell handovers(12 causes)
CHANNEL ACT
HANDOVER REQUEST
TCH-ATT-BSC4 TCH-ATT-C12 CHAN ACT ACK HANDOVER REQ ACK
TCH-ATT-C4 SD-ATT-BSC3
TCH-ATT-C15 SD-ATT-C3 QUEUEING INDICATION
CH ACT .HANDOVER DETECTION
CH ACT ACK
HANDOVER REQUEST ACK HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER COMMAND A1, B1, C1
HANDOVER COMPLETE
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER DETECT
incoming inter bss HO Success
SD-SUCC-C3 A1: successful incoming inter bsc inter cell handover
TCH-SUCC-C4 B1: successful dual-band intercell handovers
TCH-SUCC-C12
SABM C1: successful incoming intercell handovers
UA
HANDOVER COMPLETE MS BTS New BSC MSC/VLR Old BSC
Intracell ho failure
A1-A7: unsuccessful intracell handovers
Chapter 1 GSM system
1. Work items in an optimization project
2. Review of the GSM system
3. Based technology in GSM system
4. Drive test and analysis
5. Parameters in common use
6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use
7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure
8. Selection and reselection
9. SDCCH congestion
10. TCH congestion and drops
11. Call progress introduction in common use
12. Power control algorithm
13. Handover algorithm
14. Cases according to statistics data
MR pre-processing and voting
Consecutive MR flow Consecutive MR flow
MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR
SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3
Measurement report
pre-processing
Yes
MS(UL): BTS(DL):
-70 Rx_lev thrsh.for UL decrease=40(-70) -70 Rx_lev thrsh.for DL decrease=40(-70)
-80 -80
-100 -100
-110 -110
grade BER
0 0.14%(0-0.2%)
Rx_qual thrsh.for UL decrease=1
Rx_qual thrsh.for DL decrease=1
1 0.28%(0.2-0.4%)
2 0.57%(0.4-0.8%)
3 1.13%(0.8-1.6%)
4 2.26%(1.6-3.2%)
Rx_qual thrsh.for UL increase=5
Rx_qual thrsh.for DL increase=5 5 4.53%(3.2-6.4%)
6 9.05%(6.4-12.8%)
7 18.10%(>12.8%)
Huawei I PWC algorithm (average PWC)
The adjust value
=(DL/ul rx_lev expected – current dl/ul rx_lev) * DL /ul rx_lev compensation
+[current dl/ul rx_qual – DL/ul rx_qual expected]*10* DL/ul rx_qual compensation
The adjust value <MAX PWC step
Stable level = current level + the adjustment value
The adj. step_lev in DL ,adj.step_qual in UL/DL are the same as the adj. step_lev in UL.
Classification of HO
Emergency HO
Timing Advance (TA) Emergency HO
Bad quality (BQ) Emergency HO
Rx_Level_Drop Emergency HO
Interference Emergency HO
Load HO
Normal HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
Power Budget (PBGT) HO
Speed-sensitive HO (Fast moving MS HO)
Concentric Cell HO
Priority level of HO
M.R.
preprocessing OMC forced HO
normal HO
Edge
Penalty Directed retry layer
processing PBGT
emergency HO
TA
bad quality(BQ) Fast moving MS
Basic ranking HO
rapid lev decrease
interfering
Secondary Overlaid/
ranking Load Sharing HO underlaid HO
Processing
program
HO voting
HO penalty and ranking rules
HO penalty process (second step of HO algorithm process )
Penalty on the target cell when a HO fails.
avoid to the ms select this cell again in the next HO voting process.
Penalty on the original serving cell when an emergency HO ( base on BQ and TA ) is performed.
avoid MS to be handed back to the BQ&TA cell again within penalty time.
Penalty on other high priority layer cells after a fast moving HO is performed.
avoid MS to be handed back to the high priority layer again within certain time(layer priority grade is 4).
A new HO attempt is prohibited within the penalty time after an overlaid/underlaid HO fails.
Ranking rules
M rule for ranking neighbor cells
it can be put into the candidate cell list only if the cells comply for following conditions.
To service cell: Rx_lev(s) –rxlev access min(s)-MAX(0,Pa(s)) > 0
Pa(0) =ms_txpwr_max_ccch(s) – ms_max_allowed_pwr(s)
To nei cell: Rx_lev(n) –rxlev access min(n)-max(0,Pa(n)) –min_access_level_offset(n)>0
K rule for ranking neighbor cells
Sort the result cells in descending order by rxlev according to M rule cells.
16bits rule for ranking cells:
Both the serving cell and the neighbor cells have their own 16bits value.
The smaller the value is, the higher the priority and position the cell is in the cell list.
Basic/Secondary Ranking(16 bit rule)
Co_BSC/MSC bit The 6 strongest cell and
Service cell =0 service cell rx_lev bit
If nei cells and S_cell are in co_BSC/MSC, 000-110 and the strongest
value is set 0 else 1 cell value is 000
If rx_lev(s/n) is lower than inter_layer_ho_thrsh. Layer and cell priority bit
and inter_layer_ho_hysteresis the bits are set 0 4 layers and 16 cell priority/layer=64
If co_BSC/MSC is not allowed the value is set 0. Pico is highest and umbrella is lowest.
If rx_lev(s/n) is lower than inter_layer_ho_thrsh.
Cell type bit
and inter_layer_ho_hysteresis the bits are set 0
Internal =0
external-=1
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Load HO voting
Cell Load HO Criterions :
System load of BSC < system flux thrsh. for load
HO load > load HO thrsh.
Load of target cell < load HO threshold
Normal HO, fast moving HO and concentric HO voting
Normal HO voting
Edge HO Criterion:
Rx_lev <edge HO rx_lev thrsh. In N/P
Inter layer HO criterions:
Rx_lev(n) > inter layer ho thrsh. + inter layer ho hysteresis.
And target cell priority should be higher than the serving cell’s.
PBGT HO Criterions :
PBGT(n)>PBGT ho thrsh. In N/P
PBGT(n)=Scell[Min(ms txpwr max ccch,ms max allowed pwr)–rxlev dl-PWR_C_D]
Ncell[Min(ms txpwr max ccch,ms max allowed pwr)–rxlev dl(n)]
Fast moving HO voting
When the serving cell is micro cell :
MS moves the ms fast-moving valid cells (Q) in ms fast-moving watch cells (P>=Q)
within MS Fast_Moving Time Thrsh.
MS moving time=2Radius/Velocity <MS Fast_Moving Time Thrsh.
Concentric HO voting
Criterion from overlaid(small) to underlaid(large):
TA value >=TA threshold + TA hysteresis
Or Rx_lev <= Rx_lev threshold -Rx_lev hysteresis
Criterion from underlaid to overlaid:
TA value <= TA threshold - TA hysteresis
And Rx_lev <= Rx_lev threshold + Rx_lev hysteresis
Chapter 1 GSM system
1. Work items in an optimization project
2. Review of the GSM system
3. Based technology in GSM system
4. Drive test and analysis
5. Parameters in common use
6. OMCR statistics data and the formula in common use
7. Main methods in the performance analysis procedure
8. Selection and reselection
9. SDCCH congestion
10. TCH congestion and drops
11. Call progress introduction in common use
12. Power control algorithm
13. Handover algorithm
14. Cases according to statistics data
Congestion, interfering and TRX
Problems:
Interfering in PTCSCU-2(interfering level:-60~-80dBm), can not absorb any traffic
PTCIJA-1-2-3 are decrease from 2/2/2 to 1/1/1 because of limit of transmission,
and blocked some timeslot
PTCSCR-1-2-3 are congestion
Resolve ways:
Replace cell from 900 cell to 1800 cell in PTCSCU-2 to avoid interfering, and absorb some traffic.
Add more transmission timeslot and recovery to 2/2/2 in PTCIJA-1-2-3
Make traffic balanced between PTCSCR-1/PTCIJA-3/PTCSCU-2
Adjust azimuth from 240 to 270 in PTCIJA-3
Adjust E-tilt from 2 to 7 in PTCSCR-1
Adjust azimuth from 120 to 150 in PTCSCU-2
Add a TRX in PTCSCR-1/2/3
Hardware problem- crossed feeder cables
Problems:
There are more drop calls and handover failures times in each cell
A little interfering in each cells in uplink(interfering band) and downlink(bad quality)
MR are more in band 0~2 in path balance statistics result
It showed crossed cables in this site: plan azimuth: 160/240/330, DT test 240/330/160.
Resolve ways:
Have wrong frequency plan
Get some frequency interfering
Have wrong neighbor relationship
Get some drop calls in each cells
All statistics and DT test result are normal after adjust crossed cables
Hardware problem-TRX problem
Problems:
TRX configuration:2/2/2 in URJDG-1-2-3
TRX8(2nd in URJDG-3, 1 cabinet) can not seizure any TCH in several days
Have “radio link alarm” in this TRX
Can’t resolve the problems after swapping configuration data/slot in cabinet
Result: TRX hardware problem
Statistics results in cell and TRX level are normal after replaced TRX
Hardware problem-connecting cable wrong-312
Problems:
TRX configuration:3/5/3 in NSRDG-1-2-3
TRX12(5th TRX in NSRDG-2, two cabinet) can not seizure any TCH in some days
Have “radio link alarm” in this TRX
SCU+2CDU mode in this cell, 4 TRX connect to TX-DUP port in one CDU via 1st CDU.
So that can decrease 1 bridge of combiner( save 3 dB of combiner loss)
The other TRX connect to TX port in 2nd CDU.
Result:wrong jump cables connecting. There is no jump cables between TX-COM and TX-DUP in
2nd CDU.
Statistics results are normal after a jumped cable between TX-COM and TX-DUP.
Hardware problem-connecting cable wrong-3012
Problems:
In TRX 5, TRX configuration is 3/3/2
the path balance is main in RANK11, it
means that uplink is bad.
Check on site, the RDX cables are
connecting wrong, it means there is no
RDX receiver in TRX5
After adjust the connecting cable, the
path balance in TRX5 is normal.
Configuration wrong-HO between systems-1
Analysis-1
Low handover success rate(about 25%) and effect to the KPI of BSC level.
Low handover performance of “outgong inter BSC intercell handover success
The target cell of other BSC is belong to different system.
Handover performance are normal from other BSC to present BSC in boundary.
The loss times are local from “handover required” to “handover command”
There is no “handover ACK” from MSC after “handover required” from BSC.
Analysis-2
BSC receive “handover reject” from A interface after “handover required” by Trace function.
It show “ invalid information content” when decoded the “handover reject” information.
There are 3 type of information are not defined by GSM0508 protocol, they only defined by
different supplier.-- “Response Request,Current Channel,Speech Version” in BSSMAP.
ECSC information between different band are be included in these 3 type information.
One system defined 2 type of information but the other system defined 3 types.
The result are normal after adjust the content of handover in MSC and activate ECSC in BSC.
Configuration wrong-HO between systems-2
The external handover between QRBSCH(T4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB) and KRBSCN3 (T3013XB),
from external BSC handover performance, handover normal from T3013XB to
T4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB), but all handovers failures from 4503XA,XB,T4504XA,XB(Huawei) to
T3013XB(Nokia) with the reason of “invalid cell”.
We checked the Configure external LAC data in MSC,BSC and The external information from
Irancell. the external cell information is the same.
Make a trace in A interface.In the interBSS incoming handover requirement message, it is showing
that the external cell LAC=37F9(14329), but the LAC data which Irancell offered is 14327. this is
the problem why all outgoing interBSS handovers are failure from T4503XAXB,T4504XA,T4504XB
(Huawei) to T3103XB(Nokia).
The results after modify the external LAC number in MSC and BSC
Configuration problem-frequency and hopping
Handover success rate is low in T4524XA,
The target cell is T4106XA.
Check the frequency between T4524XA hopping zone
and T4106XA, and found TCH channel are
the same in TCH=23 (not active hopping)
Check the data near these two site, only
the sites in this zone are not active hopping
function. No hopping zone
Active Hopping function in this zone, the
handover success rate is normal in
T4524XA.
hopping zone
Configuration wrong-TRX receiver mode in 3012
Problems:
TRX configuration is 2/2/2, in TRX 10,11, handover
success times is low after expansion.
Check the data, the received mode is wrong.
After adjust, the KPI is normal
Configuration wrong- MSC information wrong
Problems:
T4055,T4106 TCH seizure success times is 0. TCH traffic is low from incoming handover.
Modified LAC number on 29th-Mar
Wrong plan data (TABSCH6) and wrong BSC data in MSC(TABSCH2).
TCH seizure normal after adjust the BSC information in MSC.
Configuration wrong-NCC permitted
Problems:
Difficult handover from T4110XA, XB to the other cells.
Handover normal from TT4110XC to the other cells.
Compare the parameters between T4110XA,XB,XC
NCC permitted is only selected “0 allowed”
The handover recovery to normal in T4110
after adjust NCC permitted.
Configuration wrong-BA table losed
Problems:
Drop call rate increased from 0.29% to 0.41% after some sites was cut over.
RF drop call times are more than cut over.
There almost no neighbor cells’ information in dedicate mode.
But there are neighbor cells’ information in idle mode.
BA1(BCCH) are not blank
BA2(SACCH) are blank.
Switch of “user input” are activate in these cells.
Result:
Somebody activate the switch of “user input” wrongly when he made the autoconfig file.
System only updated BA1 table, and BA2 need to added manually when “user input” are
activation.
Transmission-crossed connecting
Problems:
SRBSC has high congestion about 14%.
Select the most congestion site T4781, arranged a DT team to test the site, found that there is only
T4795’ CGI and frequency near the T4781. But the two sites’ distance is 87KM, the only possible
reason is that some wrong data has been configured or wrong connection between the two sites.
Checked the handover of T4795, found that the cell can only handover to the other two cells in same
site. Added the T4795’s neighbor cell as the T4781 location. Later, the T4795’s handover and
congestion performance is improved. But we do the same to the T4781. this site no any changed, the
KPI of this site was also bad.
Checked other site with the same problem in T4784, high congestion and low HOSR. so it is possible
that the three site has swap relation among T4781, T4795 and T4784. the KPI are rapidly enhanced in
these three sites and SRBSC after we changed the neighborhood T4781 as T4784, T4795 as T4781,
T4784 as T4795. It is proved situation what I suspected after we arranged a DT test.
BSS engineer feed back that they found the optic port of transmit had been swapped among these
three site and recovery on 13th-Apr. And we change back to the neighborhood data in these cells. the
below is the compare of the before and after adjust, total in T4781,T4784,T4795.
Transmission-problem in connector
Problems:
Immediate assignment fail times in BSC fail is 34672, this site is 17912(51.66%), immediate
assignment success rate is about 20%, it lead to immediate assignment success rate in BSC level is
97.4%. it has affected the network for more than 2 months.
The problem is the transmission connector in DDF, the core (for signaling) and shielding (for ground
protect) cable are connected together, The signaling is connecting to the ground.. It will lead to the
transmission can’t bear any traffic and business, and TMU with alarms in all time. it is the reason of
why there are so many immediate assignment fail times.
The KPI recovery to normal after re-do the connector
Version abnormal-TMU-1
the TRX was out of service in turns in T4090.
it means that sometime OOS in some TRX, and the other time, the other TRX will OOS in burst.
The traffic in these TRX will all be drop calls.
When we check the result, the problem occurs suddenly, and found that the TRX with phase-loop
alarm.
The KPI is normal after we reset the site in level 4.
Version abnormal-TMU-2
CSSR is low after cutover 18 sites from TABSCH6 to TABSCH5.
Found there are 4939 times for TCH seizure failure times in T4084XC.
TCH availability is 40%, TCH congestion rate is 1.1%
Some channels in available TRX is red (can’t seizure any users)
The KPI is normal after reset the site in level 4 on 3th-May.
Interfering-channel interfering
In T4313XB have interference on TRX5, and HOSR is low,
The most idle channels are in band4.
Modify TCH frequency channel from 27 to 28.
After modified frequency T4313B HOSR recover normal.
Course contents
PSTN Network
OMC
HLR/Auc/EIR
GSM Core Network
MSC/VLR
Abis
Um
SMS-GMSC/IWMSC
MS Gs
Pb
GBTS
Gb Billing Center
EDGE PCU
SGSN
CG
GPRS Core Network
Um
GPRS Backbone
Gi
MT Internet
GGSN
DNS
TE
Review of GPRS/EDGE system
TBF: Temporary Block Flow: physical connection in packet network. simulated with RR connection in GSM.
TFI: Temporary Flow Identity: flag of TBF. 5bit(value0-31) and the TFI belongs to especial TBF.
it can use the same or different TFI in one TBF
FBI: final block identity. 1 bit to indicator if it is the LAST RLC block
USF: uplink state flag: 3bit(0-7): control MSs to using channels with UFI in “dynamic type”
RRBP: Relative Reserved Block Period,3 bit(0-7) ,
defines the location when ms send to network with “packet control ACK”or packet DL ACK”
MAC mode:
Three type of MAC mode: fixed allocation, dynamic allocation, extend dynamic allocation
Fixed type:
BSS allocation data block for MS with fixed type. BSS will re-allocation data block
when the first data block finished transmission but still have data block.
Dynamic type:
BSS allocation data block for ms with temporary type.
BSS assign the USF in different PDCH channels,the packet data will transmission
if the USF are the same between MS decoded and BSS allocated.
Extend dynamic type:
simulate with “dynamic” but the timeslots can more than the timeslot capacity of MS.
RLC mode:
confirm mode:
each packet block need to confirm in each TBF with MS and network during transmission.
Or the packed block will resent until be confirmed by each other.
And TBF will release after be confirmed “finish” with each other.
Non-confirm mode:
need not to confirm in each TBF. TBF will release after finish transmitting the packet blocks.
Based technology
Classes of MS
Class A: can use circuit and packet business in the same time
Class B: MS can attach on GSM and GPRS/EDGE network in the same time,
but only can use one of circuit or packet business in the same time.
MS select GSM or GPRS/EDGE network automatically.
Class C: MS can not attach on GSM and GPRS/EDGE network in the same time.
MS select GSM or GPRS/EDGE network manually.
.Network operate mode:
NO1: the core network send paging message in Gs(SGSN to MSC) interface.
MS only need to detect paging in one type of channel(PCH or PPCH).-with Gs interface
NO2: paging message only be sent in PCH for CS and PS paging.
Because the PPCH is not configuration –with neither Gs nor PPCH
. NO3: paging message is sent in PCH (for CS) and PPCH (for PS),
MS need to detect PCH and PPCH message in the same time. –with no Gs but PPCH
LQC(link quality control mode)
LA: link adaptation: using different MCS scheme in same Family to retransmit
and can re-divided 2 RLC blocks to re-transmit.(bad BEP in low MCS, good BEP in high MCS)
IR: Incremental redundancy: different MCS scheme in same Family to retransmit
Multi-timeslots capacity(1-29)
it shows the capacity of MS in uplink and downlink for packet service.
1+4 or 2+3 timeslots in common by now.
Multi-TBF in PDCH channel:
it shows the capacity for TBF connection in each PDCH channel.
default value: 4 uplink+4 downlink TBF in each PDCH channels in the same time.
7 uplink TBF or 8 downlink TBF/max in each PDCH channels
LLC PDU divide to RLC PDU
SNDCP PDU
LLC PDU
RLC/MAC BLKS
RLC/MAC blks
LLC PDU
1560bit/max
LLC PDU delivery turns
in confirm mode
IDLE IDLE
P DP deact ive or
P DP deact ive
Cancel Locat ion
READY READY
Implicit Det ach
Implicit Det ach
or
or
Cancel Locat ion
t imer exprit y
STANDBY STANDBY
34 +3 octets 34 +3 octets
Family A MCS-6
padding
34 octets 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets
MCS-8
MCS-2
MCS-4
Coding scheme and rate
kbps 59.2
60.0
54.4
50.0
GPRS 44.8
40.0
EGPRS
29.6
30.0
22.4
20.2
20.0 17.6
14.4 14.8
12.2 11.2
9.1 8.8
10.0
0.0
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9
Downlink
Number of successful downlink TBF establishment
Number of downlink TBF establishment attempts
(DL) TBF successful assignment rate (user defined)
Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to no channel
Number of downlink TBF establishment failures due to no channel
(DL) TBF congestion rate (user defined)
Number of downlink TBF abnormal release due to N3105 overflow
(DL) TBF Drop rate (user defined)
Number of successful downlink assignments
Number of downlink assignments
(DL) successful packet assignment rate (user defined)
PDCH resource, access and retain
PDCH occupy
Mean number of occupied PDCHs
Mean number of available PDCHs
Number of PDCHs occupied by downlink TBF
Number of PDCHs occupied by uplink TBF
Total number of PDCHs occupied by TBF
PDCHs occupied rate
Number of attempts at converting TCH to PDTCH
Number of successful conversions from TCH to PDTCH
Number of dynamic PDCHs reclaimed by BSC
BEP performance
Times of 8PSK_MEAN_BEP=1~32(times)
Times of GMSK_MEAN_BEP=1~32(times)
Course contents
Note:
step2: option, occurs when MS move to new SGSN
Step3: option,occurs when step 2 fail.
Step4: option,occurs if there is no PDP context active
Step5: option
Step6: option, occurs when MS move to new SGSN
or attach to network for the first time.
Step7: relation with step1. Occurs when IMSI attach
and Gs interface is configured
Detach ,packet paging, RA update(internal SGSN)
+T3190
For EDGE: EDGE packet channel request (11bit or 8bit)
and indicate phase 1,phase 2, short access inside.
For PS block:
require to phase 1 and try to phase 2 access in non-confirm mode
require and try to phase 2 access in confirm mode.
For PS signalling (MM):
require to phase 1 access.
There is TFI and defined TBF in “immediate assignment”
-T3190
Broken lines shows the phase 2 access polling information (TLLI)
Establish TBF (2)
Timeslots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Window size 64~192 64~256 64~384 64~512 64~640 64~768 64~896 64~1024
MS BSS
..
.
RLC data block(TFI)
ÖØÆôT3190
..
.
RLC data block(TFI,S/P=1(ES/P=01/10/11))
ÖØÆ
ôT3190
.
RLC data block(TFI)
ÖØÆôT3190