Introduction

This project is about understanding throughout the process of housing area taken place. The
place of this housing area project is situated at Labis, Johor. The design for the housing area
is single storey house. There are two types deals of housing area project which are from
government or private company. Mostly, if the project is from the government, the housing
area is low cost compare to the private one.So the process to get this project is explained
next.

There are two ways for the project to be done. Firstly, the client will directly set an
appointment with the consultant and contractor that the client one. The design is shown or
the appointed consultant and contractor will design according to the client requirement.
Then the client will evaluate and usually the effective design is chosen. The other way is
conventionally the client will list all the requirement and etc. So, the consultant or contractor
who wished to pick the job will propose and submit to the client will all the design and
requirement from the client.

After that, the client will choose whoever they want especially who satisfied the requirement.
Letter of appointment will give to the client containing worker’s resume, cost estimation of
the project proposed by the consultant or contractor that they picked. Other than that, the
methodology which shows the way they manage the project later especially technical part.
The client will add and remove the part that they would not likely to put in the project, then
the consultant or contractor will correct and submit the improved one.

Then, after everything is done, those consultant or contractor will get the tender and begin
the work. Start with development plan which later need an approval from the authority such
as TNB, SESB or SESCO as for the power supply to the housing area. Same goes to the other
part also such as telecommunication line, water tank and pipe flow, safety of the house and
etc. This plan is detailed already so that the next step which is building plan will not be
having much correction from the authority for the permission and etc.

Instruction to tenderers

Before tendering, the tenderer (consultant or contractor who get the job from the client)
shall visit the site and carefully examine the Conditions of Contract issued under sanction of
and approved by Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (P.A.M) and the Institution of Surveyors
(Malaysia), the specification, Schedule of Works and the Drawings and if there should be or
appear to be any ambiguity in or discrepancies between any of these documents, he should
immediately refer the matter to the Architect for a decision.

The quantities of work and material in the Schedule of work are not to be considered as
limiting or extending the amount of work to be done and materials to be supplied by the
contactor. No consideration will be given to claim for enhanced rates due to any remeasured
quantities being different to those entered in the Schedule of work. The tenderer shall
ascertain the location, size and conditions of the site available for his use as working areas,
the atmosphere and climatic conditions at the site and all other information affecting his
tender. Then, they shall fill in the annexed Form of Tender and the Schedule of works in ink
and shall sign and date the documents in the space provided for the purpose.

The document in the tender and the drawing can be inspected in the office of the engineer
during normal working hours. The employer will not be responsible or pay for expenses or
losses which may incurred by the tenderer in the preparation of this tender. They shall treat
the details of the documents as private and confidential. Each tender must be attached with
all of the information stipulated in the specification. The employer is not bound to accept the
lowest or any tender and no reason will be given for rejecting any tender. Thus, they reserve
the right to accept the tender in whole or in part without any adjustment to the tender
prices.

The parties referred to in this document shall be as follows:

1. Client
2. Architect (Superintending Officer)
3. C & S Engineer
4. Quantity Surveyor
5. M & E Engineer
6. Main Contractor
7. The Sub-Contractor
8. The Works (Nominated Sub-Contract works for Electrical Installations)
 Objectives

1. To identify the specification needed to build a housing area.

2. To identify how many installation of electrical appliances.
3. To identify the sizing of wire (for lightning protection).
4. To calculate the total load for the housing area.
 Specification

Meter Panel

The metalclad, mild steel or other approved material (with thickness not less than 1.5mm)
meter panel of box formation shall be installed adjacent to, but physically separated from the
main switchboard. Suitable flexible and/or rigid galvanised steel conduit with approved
adaptors shall be supplied and fitted between the main switchboard and the meter panel.
The design, construction and method of installation of the meter panel shall be to the
requirement of Supply Authority or Licensee.

Distribution Boards and Consumer Units

All distribution boards and consumer units shall be installed at locations indicated in the
drawing or as directed by the S.O.'s representative. They shall comply with BS 5486 and
unless otherwise specified, shall be surface mounted metal clad type with hinged cover, rust
proof and finished in an approved enamel grey. The sheet steel used for fabricating the
distribution board shall be of thickness not less than 2.0 mm. Knockouts or other approved
form of cable entries and suitable brass earthing bolt and nut shall be provided.

The distribution board/consumer unit shall be equipped with HRC fuses or miniature circuit
breakers (mcb) of rating as specified in the Drawings. HRC fuses shall be to BS 88 or BS
1361 or similar. MCB shall have rupturing capacity not less than that indicated in the
drawings. The metal surfaces adjacent to any live part and all spaces between phases shall
be protected by insulation barriers.

The busbars shall be hard drawn high conductivity copper. The current capacity of the
busbars shall not be less than the sum if the maimum current rating of all outgoing circuit
plus 20% spare capacity. The neutral and earth connection for each circuit shall be
individually connected to the neutral and earth bar respectively. The sequence of termination
of the neutral ad earth wires shall correspond to that of phase circuit.

For consumer units, the switch shall be of double pole, air break, toggle type provided with a
handle having clear indication of ‘ON-OFF’ positions. The contacts shall be of long switching
life type.

Switchgear

All switchgear shall have voltage and frequency rating suitable for the power system to
which they are connected to. The current rating shall not be less than that the specified in
the drawings or bill of quantities. They shall conform to the latest British Standard
Specifications or IEC.
 Air Circuit Breakers

Air circuit breakers (acb) shall be of withdrawable metal clas, flush mounted, horizontal
draw-out isolation, air break type suitable for installing on cubicle type of switchboard. They
shall be three or four poles type as specifies and shall comply fully with BS 4752 and the
relevant parts of BS 162. They shall be of ASTA or KEMA certified for minimum rupturing
capacity of 31MVA and at 415V with a short time rating of 1 second, unless otherwise
specified.

They shall consist of quick-make, quick-break, mechanically and electrically trip-free

mechanism arranged to give doube break in all poles simultaneously. The closing mechanism
shall be of stored energy type, either manually or electrically charged. Mechanical ‘ON’ and
‘OFF’ indicators shall be provided. The tripping mechanism shall be equipped with push
button for independent manual tripping and shall be stable and not being opened by shocks.

Over current protection shall be provided by externally connected current transformers and
over current relay of IDMT induction disc tyoe having current settings from 50% to 200%
adjustable in 7 equal steps and time multiplier settings from 0.1 to 1.0 adjustable
continuously. Short circuit protection shall be provided by te built-in direct actig magnetic
instantaneous release.

Moulded Case Circuit Breakers

Moulded case circuit breakers (mccb) shall have the number of poles as specifies in the
drawings or bill of quantities. They shall comply with BS 4752 Part 1 or IEC 157-1. They shall
be fully tropicalised and suitable to be used up to an ambient temperature of 40 C, enclosed
in glass – reinforced polyester moulded case and suitable for use on 240/415 V, 50 Hz, A.C
supply system.

They shall be of the quick-make, quick-break type having manually operable toggle type
handle. Permanent position indicators shall be provided to show status of the breaker. When
tripping occurs, the handle shall be in the ‘trip’ position midway between the ‘OFF’ and ‘ON’
position so as to provide positive indication of automatic interruption. The operating
mechanism shall be non-tamperable.

Earth fault relay, if required, shall be either instantaneous or IDMT induction disc type as
specified. An arc extinguisher shall be incorporated to confine, divide and extinguish the arc
drawn between the breaker contacts each time a breaker interrupts current. The contacts
shall be of non-welding type. If required, the breakers shall have facilities for shunt trip,
under voltage trip, externally connected earth fault protection, externally connected over
current protection etc. They shall also auxiliary contacts, accessories etc. For indication,
alarm and interlocking purpose if necessary.
 Miniature Circuit Breakers

Miniature circuit breakers (mcb) shall have breaking capacity not less than 5KA (rms) unless
otherwise indicated in the drawings or bill of quantities. They shall comply with BS 3871 or
IEC 157-1, fully tropicalised and suitable for use on a 240/415 V, 50 Hz, A.C system and up
to an ambient temperature of 40 C.

They shall be of the quick-make, quick-break and trip-fee type complete with de-ion ac
interrupters. The tripping elements shall be of thermal magnetic type with inverse time delay
over current and instantaneous short circuit characteristics. The response to overload shall
be independent of variations in ambient temperature.

They shall be manually operated by means of toggle type handles having visual indication of
whether the breaker is opened, closed or tripped. Multi-pole breaker shall be provided with
common-trip mechanism for simultaneous operation of all the poles.

Residual Current Circuit Breakers

Residual current circuit breakers (rccb) shall be current operated type complying with BS
4293. They shall be of either double pole or four pole type as indicated in the drawings or
bill of quantities. The sensitivity, unless oterwise specified, shall not exceed 100mA for
double pole type and 300mA for four pole type. Test push button and visual indication ‘ON’
and ‘OFF’ shall be provided. They shall be equipped with screw clamping type of cable
terminals which shall be covered by moulded phonolic plastic with knockouts for cable entry.

System of Wiring

Te system of wiring shall be either surface wiring, concealed wiring, surface conduit wiring
or concealed conduit wiring as indicated in drawing or bill of quantities.

All wiring shall be run neatly and in an orderly manner. They shall be routed parallel to the
building wall and column lines in a coordinated manner with other services. The wiring
throughout shall be on the ‘looping-in system’ and no ‘tee’ or other type of joints are
allowed. No reduction of strands forming the conductors is allowed at all terminals. All
strands shall be effectively secured by approved means.

Wiring which is not embedded in concrete or concealed behind plaster shall be run in an
accesible manner on the beams, underside of the slabs or below pipes, ducts. Concealed
wirng shall be installed in such a way that plaster can be applied over their thickness without
being subjected to spalling or cracking. Cables serving different operatig voltages and
functions shall be segregated.
 Surface Wiring

Surface wiring shall be carried out with PVC insulated PVC sheathed cables of 600/1000v
grade to MS 4.12 or BS 6004. The conductors shall be of stranded plain annealed copper to
BS 6360. The insulation shall be suitable for cotinuous operation at a maximum cable
temperature of 70 C and comply to BS 6746.

The cables shall be run on the surfaces of the wall, floor slabs and in the ceiling spaces. Not
more than 10 cables shall be secured by lead alloy saddles. For wiring on plaster or
brickwork the cables shall be run on ‘treated’ hardwood battens secured on the surface with
brass screw spaced at not more than 600mm apart and at places where necessary.

Concealed Wiring

Cables used in concealed wiring shall be similar to that the describe in surface wiring.

The cables shall be concealed behind the plaster of walls and ceiling slabs or run in the
ceiling spaces. The cables shall be secured by lead alloy saddles or cleats. Not more tha 10
cables shall be cleated together using the same saddle or cleat. Saddle cleats shall be fixed
by brass nails and spaced not more than 150mm apart. Where cables are run in ceiling
spaces they shall be protected by galvanised steel conduits and wired as in surfce wiring. A
spare concealed conduit shall be provided from the distribution board to the ceiling space for
future extension.

Conduit Wiring (surface or concealed)

Cables used in conduit wiring shall, unless otherwise specified, be PVS insulated cable of
600/1000V grae to MS 4.12 or BS 6004. The conductors shall be of stranded, plain annealed
copper to BS 6360. The insulation shall be suitable for continuous operation at a maximum
cable temperature of 70 C and comply to BS 6746.

Cables above false ceiling shall be run in conduit or trunking as directed. The conduits shall
generally be run on the underside of the floor slabs or suspended from the floor slabs by
mild steel brackets. The trunking shall be suspended from the floow slabs or mounted
against the walls by mild steel brackets. The mild steel brackets shall be anti-rust treated,
painted with a primer and finished in orange enamel.

Flexible conduit shall be used for termination to equipment which are subjected to
movement or vibration. However, the length of this flexibe conduit shall not exceed 400mm
unless approved. For concealed conduit wirng, a spare conduit shal be provided from the
distribution board to the ceiling space for future extension. The spare conduit shall be
plugged at the ceiling end with removable plug.
 Mounting Heights

Mounting heights listed below shall be measured from he underside of the fitting to the
finished floor level. Unless otherwise specified or directed on site by the S.O.’s
representative, all mounting heights shall be as follows:-

ITEM TYPE OF SETTINGS MOUNTING

HEIGHT
1. Suspended ceiling luminaires and ceiling fans 2400mm

2. Wall mounted luminaires and wall bracket fans 2050mm

3. Switches and fan regulators 1450mm
4. Socket-outlets (or surface wiring) and those in the kitchen and 1450mm
washing areas (for concealed wiring)
5. Socket-outlets (for concealed wiring) 300mm
6. Window unit air conditioner switches 1450mm
7. Cooker points 1450mm
8. Water heater outlet points 2400mm
9. Distribution boards (in service duct) 1450mm
10. Distribution boards (other than in service duct) 2050mm

Switches and Switch Plates

In area where plates switches cannot be used, ceiling switches shall be provided as directed
by the S.O.’s representative. All lighting switches and fan switches shall comply with BS 3676
and generally be flush or surface type as required. All ceiling switches shall be completed
with mounting bloack and comply with BS 3676.

All switches shall be suitable for use in inductive circuit. They shall be rated as specified.
Samples of switches shall be submitted for approval prior to installation. Switches for lighting
and fans shall be generally be or grouped as shown in the drawings. Where several switches
are grouped together grid switches shall be used unless otherwise directed by the S.O.’s
representative.

Appropriate label shall be provided where switches connected to different phases are
grouped together. The positions of all switches shown in the drawings are only approximate.
The Electrical Contractor should check the exact positions of the switches with the S.O.’s
representative and confirm the arrangement of all door swings and other fixture before
installing down-drops and switches . The circuit protective conductor of the circuit shll
terminate directly at the switch.

Switched Socket-Outlets and Socket-Outlets

Switched socket outlets shall be shuttered, two pole, single pole switch and earthing pin
type. They shall be of flush type. Both 13A switched socket-outlets and socket outlet shall be
of the rectangular pin type complying with BS 1363.
15A switched socket outlets and socket outlets shall be of round pin type and comply with
BS 5733 and BS 564 respectively. Circuit protective conductor of the circuit shall terminate
directly at the box used for mounting switched socket outlet and unswitched socket outlet.

Boxes for Switches, Switched Socket-Outlets and Socked-Outlets

Unless otherwise specified, boxes used for mounting switch plates, switched socket outlets
and unswitched socket outlets in concealed conduit wiring shall be metalclad type of
minimum 0.8mm thick galvanised sheet steel. Earth terminal complete with cable lug and
brass screw shall be provided. Cable for bonding the box to switch, switched socket outlet
and unswitched socket outlet shall be the same size as the circuit protective conductor.

Switch plates, switched socket-outlet and socket-outlets shall be fixed to the boxes by means
of original flat base chrome screws.

Ceiling Roses

Ceiling Roses shall comply with BS 67. They shall be either surface of semirecess type with
the base having a minimum of three knockouts for cable entries. The base shall incorporate
clearly labelled clamp type terminals suitable for holding phase, neutral, earth and loop-in
cables in a distinct manner. The cover plates shall be of the screw-in type. The base and
cover shall be moulded non-track urea to BS 1322.

Lampholders and Battenholders

Lampholders and battenholders shall comply with BS 5042. They shall be supplied complete
with brass plunger and heat resisting springs to ensure that plunger pressure is maintained
throughout the long life of the lampholders and battenholders. Cordgrip shall be provided to
cover the exposed ends of cord sheathing and firmly grips the cord. Batten holders shall be
of three clearly labelled terminal type.

Luminaires

The luminaires together with lamp, lamp holders, control gear and other associated
accessories shall, as a minimum requirement, conform to the relevant parts and/or sections
of MS IEC 60598. All luminaires shall be fully assembled, completed with lamp, control gear,
internal wiring etc.. Internal wires shall be terminated in terminal blocks in an approved
manner. Wiring shall be of heat resistant insulated coloured cables. The terminal blocks shall
be suitably rated and clearly labeled for connection to external wiring.

All metal parts of the luminaires shall be effectively earthed and supplied with an approved
earth terminal. All components of the luminaires shall be able to withstand a voltage range
of +5% to -10% of the rated voltage. All discharge type luminaires shall be power factor
corrected to at least 0.9 lagging using dry type capacitor.

Fluorescent Lumiaires

Fluorescent luminaires shall be of the type approved by Suruhanjaya Tenaga and JKR.
Fluorescent luminaires shall have housing made from good quality mild steel sheet of
minimum thickness 0.50mm and shall be of sound and rigid construction suitable for
suspended and surfaced mounted installation. The metalwork shall be rust inhibited to
prevent corrosion and, unless otherwise approved by the S.O.'s Representative, shall be
sprayed with an undercoat of zinc chromate primer and finished with two coatings of super
white baked enamel.

The ballast shall comply with MS IEC 61347-1, MS IEC 61347-2-8:2003 and MS 141:PT.2.
The ballast shall be of the type approved by Suruhanjaya Tenaga and JKR. Unless otherwise
specified, they shall be polyester resin impregnated, silent operation type fitted with terminal
block for easy wiring. For 18 watts and 36 watts fluorescent tubes, the watt loss of the
ballast shall be 6 watts. The mounting of the ballast shall be in such a way that easy
dismantling and replacement can be effected within the casing.

The capacitor shall comply with MS IEC 61048 and MS IEC 61049 and shall be of dry, self-
healing, metalised polypropylene type. Proper tool clip shall be provided to hold the capacitor
in position.

The starter shall comply with MS IEC 60155 and the starter holders comply with MS IEC
60400. For the single channel luminaires, the starter shall be fitted at the side of the casing.
In cases where starters are to be fitted from the outside of the luminaire casing, the starter
holders shall be installed in such a way that the starters shall not protrude out of the casing
by more than 10mm.

Wiring within the luminaire shall be carried out with heat resistant cable marked with the
word “HR 105 C‟. It shall be done in a neat way with holder to hold the cable in position and
also to avoid contact with heat producing components. Cables shall be terminated in a
termination block marked “L‟ and “N‟ for connection to the incoming wires. A brass direct
pressure type earth terminal shall be provided in the casing near the termination block for
earth connection. This earth terminal shall be clearly marked with the standard earth
terminal symbol.

All components in the luminaire shall be guaranteed for a minimum of 2000 hour life.

Installation of Luminaires

For luminaires with pendant lampshade, the wiring shall terminate in ceiling rose. Connection
from ceiling rose to lamp holder in the luminaire shall be by 3 core flexible cord of not less
than 0.75 sq. mm. The flexible cord may be used for suspending the luminaires if the total
mass of the luminaire does not exceed 2 kg. If the mass of the luminaires exceeds 2kg, a
hook shall be installed and the luminaire shall be suspended from the hook by means of
decorative chain approved by the S.O.'s Representative. For ceiling mounted and wall
mounted luminaires, the wiring shall terminate directly into terminal block in the luminaires
or into a batten lampholder as the case may be.

For luminaires to be recessed into suspended false ceiling, wiring shall run through junction
box and flexible steel conduit right up to the luminaires as described in 9.2. The luminaires
shall not sit on the ceiling structure but shall be securely suspended from the floor slabs or
beams of roof trusses by means of suspension rods, brass chains or galvanised steel wires of
minimum size 1.6mm diameter or as specified or as directed by the S.O.'s Representative.

Where fluorescent luminaires are to be surface mounted on the underside of soft board or
other type of ceilings which is combustible, suitable spacers shall be inserted between the
base of the luminaires and the ceiling such that a minimum clearance of 10mm exists
between the luminaires and the ceiling.

Where fluorescent luminaires are to be suspended from ceiling of floor slab, suitable
suspension rods shall be provided. The wiring shall be terminated into a terminal block in the
suspension channel. Connection from the terminal block to the luminaires shall be by 3 core
flexible cord as mentioned above. The flexible cord shall be concealed inside the suspension
assembly.

Ceiling Fans

Ceiling fans offered shall be comply with MS IEC 60335-1, MS 1597 and MS 1220 and of JKR
approved brand and model. For 1500mm sweep ceiling fan, minimum air delivery at rated
voltage at full speed shall be not less than 210 m 3 /min. Safety thermal fuse (130 0˚C, 2A)
shall be incorporated against power surge and overheat.

All parts of the suspension system of the ceiling fan such as the fan hook, shank assembly,
down rod, motor shaft etc. shall be secured by means of high tensile steel shackle bolts;
locknuts complete with washers and spring washers and split pins. Split pins shall be
positioned as close as possible to the locknuts after the latter have been properly tightened.
Instructions as follows, in multi languages, shall be prominently displayed at the midway of
the suspension rod: “AMARAN - Ketatkan Semua Nut”. (In Malay & English)

Ceiling fans shall be provided with a supplementary independent suspension system (safety
wire rope) event of failure of the rod suspension system, the fan motor will be safely
suspended by this safety wire rope from the fan hook and electricity supply to the ceiling fan
shall be disconnected. Disconnection of electricity supply to the ceiling fan shall be
accomplished without snapping or damaging the supply cable of the ceiling fan point. It shall
also not result in exposing any live terminal within the ceiling fan.

The material used for the safety wire rope shall be anti-corrosive type. Design and
construction of the safety wire rope and disconnection of electricity supply shall be subject to
the approval of JKR. These features must be assembled in the manufacturer's factory.
The rubber suspension bush shall properly fit the shank assembly. The upper canopy shall be
so secured that it will not slide downward. All ceiling fan shall be provided with suitable earth
terminal. The capacitors used shall be of dry selfhealing, metalised polypropylene type.

All ceiling fans shall be provided with matching speed regulator of the ventilated type
complete with earth terminal. The regulator knob shall be secured in such a way that it can
only be removed by a tool. Fan shall be fitted with well-balanced blades with proper
identification to prevent mixing of blades.

All ceiling fan points shall be completed with speed regulator mounting block and 3 way
connector. Where a ceiling fan is installed near a beam, the suspension rod of the ceiling fan
shall be of suitable length such that there is a clearance of not less than 75mm between the
underside of the beam and the fan blades.

Earthing

All system earthing and equipment earthing shall comply with Electricity Regulations 1994
and relevant parts of MS IEC 60364.

The protective conductor, copper tape and earth electrode shall comply with BS EN 13601.
All protective conductors shall be of high conductivity copper conductor either stranded or
solid, continuous throughout the whole lengths and without joints. In the instance where
joints cannot be avoided, then the joints shall be of exothermic welding type. Mechanical
clamps may only be used upon approval of the S.O. The joint shall be robust design and
protected from mechanical damage and corrosion. Before connecting the protective
conductor, the metal works, the conductors and the metal work at the point of contact,
including the clamps, shall be thoroughly cleaned of surface corrosion or paint and tinned to
ensure that good electrical contact is made.

Every circuit of a switchboard, distribution board, control board and tap-off units, all lighting
points, lighting switches, fan points, fan switches, three pin switched or unswitched socket-
outlets, power point etc. shall be provided with circuit protective conductors. All exposed
conductive parts and extraneous conductive parts shall be effectively bonded to earth

Unless otherwise specified, the minimum cross sectional area of the protective conductors
shall be in accordance with the following Tables/Clause in the MS IEC 60364-5-54:

(a) Circuit protective conductors - Table 54.3 (or BS 7671 Table 54G)

(b) Earthing conductors - Table 54.3 (where buried in the soil, the crosssectional areas
shall be in accordance with Table 54.2 or BS 7671 Table 54A)

(c) Bonding conductors - Clause 544 (or BS 7671 Clause 547)

Where connections are made at switchgear and such items of electrical equipment the
protective conductors shall terminate in a cable lug or other approved means. In the case of
solid earthing, main earthing terminals or bars mounted on porcelain insulators shall be
provided external to the switchboard on the wall near to the switchboard as indicated in the
drawings. Unless otherwise specified, main earthing bar shall be of tinned copper bar of
dimension as in Table 14A with respect to the prospective earth fault current. Main earthing
bar shall be of sufficient length to accommodate termination for all protective conductors,
earthing conductors and main equipotential bonding conductors of electrical installation,
lightning protection system bonding conductor and generator installation bonding conductor.
Means shall be provided for disconnecting the earthing conductors to permit measurement of
the resistance of the earthing arrangements. The joints shall be disconnectable only by
means of a tool, and shall be mechanically strong to ensure electrical continuity. A
Permanent label marked with words „Main Earthing Bar - Safety Electrical Connections - Do
Not Remove‟ shall be installed near to the main earthing bar. All connections to the main
earthing bars shall be soundly made and electrically satisfactory by means of bolts and nuts
with spring washers and jam nuts.

Earth electrodes shall be of copper-jacketed steel core rods with 16mm nominal diameter
and supplied in 1500mm length and shall have provision for screw coupling with another
standard length. The copper jacket of 99.9 % pure electrolytic copper shall be of minimum
radial thickness 0.25mm and shall be molecularly bonded to the steel core to ensure that the
copper jacket and steel core are non separable. Each earth electrode shall be driven
3000mm in depth. Where the desired earth resistance value cannot be achieved after the
first earth electrode have been driven, sufficient number of earth electrodes in parallel shall
be installed outside the resistance area until required value is reached. Mutual separation
between two earth electrodes shall be more than, but less than twice, the driven depth of
the earth electrode. Earth electrodes shall not be installed close to a metallic fence. Unless
the metallic fence is separately earthed, the fence shall be separated from the electrical
earthing system by at least 2000mm. Interconnection between different earth electrodes
shall be by means of 25mm x 3mm annealed copper tape.

Residual current operated circuit breaker (RCCB) shall be provided with minimum cross
sectional area 16mm2 green PVC insulated copper conductor cable as earthing conductors,
one set of two (2) length of 1500mm earth electrodes, inspection chambers and removable
covers. However, if they are connected to a main earthing system, separate earth electrode
need not be provided.

A permanent label durably marked with words „Safety Electrical Connection – Do Not
Remove‟, in legible type not less than 4.75mm high, shall be permanently fixed in a visible
position at or near:

- The point of connection of every earthing conductor to an earth electrode, and

- The point of connection of every bonding conductor to extraneous conductive parts

In addition, each earthing point shall be identified by permanent label legibly marked with
the words „MSB Earth‟, „SSB Earth‟, „RCCB Earth‟ or any other appropriate words
permanently fixed to the point of connection of every earthing conductor and earth
electrode.
 Labelling

Labels shall be fitted on the outside of all switchgears, fusegears, distribution boards, sub
switchboards and main switchboards by means of non-corrodable screws or rivet or any
other method approved by the S.O.'s Representative. The labels shall be of laminated plastic
with engraved lettering with details such as type of equipment, rating, setting, to/from
where it is connected etc.

Lightning Protection System

General

Supply and install a lightning protection system consisting of air terminations, down
conductors, test link and earth grid as shown on the drawings and in compliance with the
requirement of BS 6651. All metalwork, piping and ducting on the roof shall be bonded to
the lightning conductor system.

Test link

Each down conductor shall be provided with a test link to permit the measurement of
resistance of the earth terminations and the down conductors. Manufacture the test link
from hard drwan copper at least twice the cross sectional area of the down conductor.

Mount the test link in an accessible position inside a pressed metal enclosure complete with
a sealable lid as shown on the drawings. Maintain isolation of the down conductor from the
enclosure and also from th earth terminations giving at least 50mm clearance between
conductors with the link removed.

Earth Termination

The earth electrodes shall be supplied and installed as shown on the draings. All earth
electrodes shall be round copper weld rod of 16mm in diameter supplied in 2m length. No
copper bond steel core rods will be accepted. The earth resistance shall not be more than 10
ohms.

A concrete earth pit, with removable cover, shall e heavy duty type which shall be supplied
for each electrode for inspection purposes.

Earthing Installation

Earth system comprising cables, conduits, copper tapes, electrodes and earth connections
necessary to bond effectively and permanently to earth all non current carrying metal shall
be supplied, erected and connected under this section of the specification. The earthing shall
generally be carried out in accordance with BS code of practice CP 1013 and to LLS apporval.
All connections to the earth electrodes shall be as shown in the drawing.

Earthing connections shall be run in a ring circuit and fixed in a manner generally in square
and symmetrical lines using Furse N0.44 gynmetal saddles of appropriate size for securing
tapes at intervals not exceeding 900mm and the copper tapes shall be supplie in long
unbroken lengths to avoid unnecessary jointing.

All points in exposed sections shall be protected against corrosion and the ingression of
moisture by the application pf two coats of an approved anti-corrosion paint.

Suitable earthing terminals shall be provided in all the switchgear enclosures, relay and
instrument casing and all other electrical metal work for bonding to the earth. The earth
connections for all sections of the installation shall be electrically continuous throughout.

Earth Points

Each point shall comprise an earth pate and an electrode. All the earth plates including
interconnections below ground level will be provided by the contractor. All the earth
electrodes and necessary connections in earth pits and above shall be provided under this
contract. For each earth point, the electrode shall be of 16mm diameter extensible steel
cored copper electrode of sufficient current carrying capacity to meet the requirements of
earthing and to be driven at least 5 meters below the earth pit.

In any case, the resistance of each group of earth electrodes shall be less than one ohm.
Electrode pit and chequer plate covers in concrete areas shall be provided by the contractor.
The contractor shall provide final record drawing of all earthing as installed.

The earthing system includes for measuring, marked off, cutting, fitting and erection,
testing, supply of necessary clamps and rag bolts complete with all fixing screws solder and
rivets for fixing and jointing of copper tapes/ cables including the necessary lugs,
consumable stores and the use of jointer tools.

Testing and Commissioning

General Requirement

This section sets out the requirements of the testing and commissioning of the entire
electrical installation.

(a) The complete installation or any other part thereof shall be tested both before and
after being connected up to the requirements of the Consulting Engineer.

(b) The Contractor shall be responsible for all electrical tests at the site and all tests shall
be conducted in the presence of and to the satisfaction of the Consulting Engineer.
The Contractor shall supply all necessary instruments for the tests.

(c) All materials and equipment supplied under this contract which fails the test shall be
replaced or rectified by the Contractor without extra cost to the client owner and
further tests shall be carried out. The Contractor shall make record of all tests for
submission to the Consulting Engineer.
 (d) The following tests shall be carried out by the Contractor:

1. Earthing system and soil resistivity.

2. Insulation resistance and continuity.

3. Correct operating of interlocks, tripping, closing circuits and indications.

4. Phasing and vector group.

5. Operating of protective gear circuits and system faults circuits for checking sensitivity
and stability.

6. Continuity of all cables/ conductors in terminals of all socket outlets and effective
bonding to earth of each terminal and outlet.

7. Insulation resistance tests to earth and between conduction before and after
installation of light fittings and other electrical apparatus.

Comprehensive Service and Maintenance

Comprehensive service and maintenance shall be carried out for the whole electrical
installation at regular monthly intervals during the contract maintenance period following the
date of practical completion of each portion of works. The service and maintenance shall
include but not be limited to:

(a) Inspection and replacement of defective items of electrical switchgear associated

during the maintenance period.

(b) Checking of loadings on distribution mains, etc. which shall be recorded in a log
book.

(c) Checking of electrical installation to ensure that unauthorized extensions have not
been carried out.

(d) Checking of light fittings at the end of the maintenance period.

(e) To provide one log book for each main switchboard on practical completion of works.
 Design Description

 Lighting

The reason of why we are using downlight for the house lighting is because it remove
unsightly imperfections in the ceiling, especially an issue in older renovated homes. One of
the general benefit of downlight is a desirable look, because they are flush and simple and at
the same time provide a great lighting choice for low ceilings. Besides that, it also have
flexibility in partly lighting a room.

In this project we are using 2 types of lighting luminaires for downlight which is twin and
quad. The product information will show below.

Figure 1: downlight

Product Description

1. Meticulous workmanship, high quality aluminum via anodizing will never fade.
2. High quality COB light source,good heat removal, high luminous efficiency,high
CRI, thermal conductivity>1.3
3. Adopting PMM technology, high precision, long life, PF>0.95. Protection of over-load,
over-pressure and over-temperature.
4. Heat sink area is larger that heat removal is 20% faster .
Model Number RS-LC225E
Item Type Ceiling Lights
Lamp Luminous Flux(lm) 450
CRI (Ra>) ›80
Color Temperature(CCT) 3000K,4000K,6000K
Beam Angle 24 °
Power 5W
Voltage AC170-250V
Size(mm) 96xØ45
Cutting size(mm) ¢80
Body Material Aluminum
Install Type Surface Mounted
Color Dumb white, Specular
Dimmable No
Life time 50000h
Warranty 2 years
Bulbs Included Yes
Shopping malls, hotels, exhibition halls,
Application
shops

Type of light source LED Cut out size

Power input 35 W Weight 0.5 kg
Power voltage AC100-242V Body Aluminum Die-casting,Black Matte Finish
Input frequency 50/60Hz
Driver Separated
IP rating IP20
Beam angle 59 deg.
System lumen output2520 lm

System efficacy 72.0 lm/W

CCT 4000K
CRI 95
Life time 40000 hr(L70)
Brand Panasonic
Country of origin Japan
  Fan

Figure 2: Fan for living room

Description:

Modern Fan Ball Hugger Ceiling Fan Model BAL-HUG-BA-52-AL-NL-NC in Brushed Aluminum .
Blades (already added to price as indicated). Comes with No Included Control. This hugger
configuration of our popular Ball fan is an improved solution for use in low-ceiling
environments. The teardrop shape makes a graceful transition from the fan to the ceiling,
conveying a sense of fluidity and connectedness to the space.

Specification and justification:

- Quality:

This is a rating of from where 5 represents the best quality fans on the market. The quality
rating has nothing to do with how much air a fan will move, that is a separate rating. Quality
has to do with how well the fan is made, how smooth and quiet it will operate, how long it
will last, and equally important how good looks in real life. The internal components use to
make the fan including the motor, capacitors and controls are considered for the precision
and tolerances to which they are made are critical.

- CFM Airflow:

CFM is short for Cubic Feet per Minute, which is how the airflow of a ceiling fan is
measured. The EPA now requires all ceiling fan manufacturers to test their fans for CFM
using a testing cylinder like the one pictured here. The intent of this requirement is to give
consumers a method of comparing the performance of ceiling fans.
- Wind Speed Factor:

Wind Speed Factor is by far the most important piece of information to compare between
ceiling fans. Wind speed is not the same as CFM. CFM is a measure of the overall amount of
air being displaced in an area, whereas wind speed is the measure of how fast the air is
moving. Ceiling fans do not change the temperature of a room, they cool by creating a wind
chill effect, which is directly related to wind speed,not CFM. So it is logical to assume that
higher wind speed will make you feel cooler.

- Efficiency:

Efficiency is defined by the EPA as CFM/Watts. The average efficiency of a ceiling fan is bout
79 Watts/CFM. This translates into the amount of air a fan moves (in CFM) divided by the
amount of electricity it uses (in Watts) at high speed.

- Watts of Electricity Used:

This is the amount of electricity that you can expect the ceiling fan to use when operated on
the highest speed. The average watts used by ceiling fans is about 70 watts on high speed
without lights. A higher rating for Watts means the fan uses less watts, which is more
desirable.

Figure 3: Bedroom

Description of product:

Quorum Gusto Ceiling Fan Model 32323-8 in Studio White with Studio White blades. The
Gusto is a Transitional 3 Blade Fans style Ceiling Fan Designed for use Indoors Only. This fan
features a 153mm x 10mm - 14 Pole Direct Drive Motor with a 13.5 Degree Blade Pitch
producing an AirFlow rating of 3 (where 5 is best). It is operated by a 3 Speed Pull Chain.
Specification and Justification :

- Quality Rating = 4 (average is 3)

A Quality Rating of 4 is above average, the Quorum Gusto ceiling fan will run smooth and
quiet and will give many years of operation with no worries of the motor burning out.

- Wind Speed Factor: 2.19 MPH (average is about 3)

A Wind Speed Factor of 2.19 MPH gives this fan a Breeze Rating of 2 out of 5. This is very
light breeze, so don't expect to experience very much cooling effect.

- Airflow = 1683 CFM (average is about 5,000)

1683 CFM far less than the average ceiling fan, so don't expect to feel much of a breeze
from this fan unless owner are are directly beneath it. We only recommended the Quorum
Gusto for small rooms or areas where very little airflow is needed.

-Efficiency Rating = 38 CFM/Watt (average is about 86)

An Efficiency Rating of 38 is below average. Efficiency is defined by the EPA as the amount
of airflow a fan produces (CFM) divided by the amount of electricity (Watts) it uses on high
speed without any lights on. Efficiency is less important than Airflow because more CFMs
allow you to raise your thermostat higher which is where owner will save the most energy.
Efficiency becomes more important if expect to operate several ceiling fans at the same
time.

-Electrical Usage = 44 Watts (average is about 76)

44 Watts per hour is well below average, which is excellent because the Quorum Gusto will
cost less to operate than the average ceiling fan.
 Design Calculation

In this project, we are designing for the location of the air conditioner, fan, and lighting. So,
in this section will show on how the calculation is achieved.

 DESIGN OF LIGHTING FITTING

Determination of Room Illuminance Level

The determination of room illuminance level for this project are according to the Jabatan Kerja Raya
(JKR) standard.

No General Building Areas JabatanKerja Raya (JKR) standard

1 Living Room 50
2 Bedroom 50
3 Kitchen 150
4 Dining Area 30
5 Bath 100
6 Living Area 50
Source: www.pioneerlighting.com/new/pdfs/IESLuxLevel.pdf

Calculation of Room Index (Kr) :

Calculating Number of Luminaires :

Calculating Illuminance Achieved :

The steps on calculating the lighting illuminance is:

1. Measure the length and width of the place. Calculate the area

2. Find the room index by the formula.

Calculation of Room Index (Kr) :

From the room index, we need to find the coefficient of utilization from the table for downlight. The
reflection factor for wall and ceiling choose is 50%. The percentage refer the color of wall that will
reflect the light. 50% means the color of wall is like yellowish white.

4. Calculating Number of Luminaires :

Maintenance factor(MF)= 0.8 because the maintenance not often only when needed.

Desired illuminance= based on JKR. More is applicable. Less is prohibited.

Design Factor (DF)= 0.95

5. Determined no. of luminaires installed.

6. Calculating Illuminance Achieved :

Must be not exceed the desired illuminance value.

After getting all the value that we have been create in the Microsoft Excel, we go on to the
next part which is to determine type of downlight need to be used according to the desired
illuminance achieved.

Calculation of Number of Lighting Required

There are several types of lamp that are going to use:

 CFL 36W (lumen lamp: 1340 lm)

 CFL 50W (lumen lamp: 2160 lm)
The nos installed will be choose is by round up the nos.
 Fan calculation

Small ceiling fans for small rooms and large ceiling fans for large rooms, or so they say.
While this may sound like an ancient proverb, choosing the right size ceiling fan ensures
maximum performance, style, and above all comfort. The right size ceiling fan will do more
than just keep you cool, it can also save you money. Ceiling fans only cost pennies to run
compared to air conditioners, allowing you to increase the temperature on your thermostat
and save money on your monthly electric bill. But before you buy a fan, you need to know
how to size a ceiling fan for your room.

Steps:

1. Determine blade span based on room square feet.

Ceiling Fan Size by Room Size

Now that you know how to size a ceiling fan, see our ceiling fan size chart below to learn
how big a ceiling fan should be based on room size, and how to choose the right size ceiling
fan for your room. To determine your room size, multiply the length of the room in feet, by
the width of the room in feet, the total is the size of your room in square feet. For example,
if your room is 8’ by 8’, the square footage is 64 square feet.

Ceiling Fan Size Guide

Blade span the diameter created by the fan blades while rotating.
Two types that is odd or even number of blades. With an odd number of blades, measure
the distance from the center of fan to blade tip. Multiply that by number 2. While, with even
number of blades, measure the distance between opposing blades.

Recommended Blade Span:

FAN CHOOSE (
BILL FAN BLADE (inch) AREA(ft) inch)
1 29" - 36" <75 32"
2 36" - 44" 76 - 144 52"
144 -
3 44" - 54" 225 50"
225 -
4 50" - 72" 400 60"
5 54" - 72" (MORE 1 FAN) >400 60"

BLOCK JENIS A
 BIL AREA(f
L ROOM LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT t) FAN BLADE
1 LIVING ROOM 3900 3050 2400 93.3 2
2 BEDROOM 1 5100 3050 2400 122.5 2

BLOCK JENIS B
BIL AREA(ft
L ROOM LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT ) FAN BLADE
1 LIVING ROOM 4000 3050 2400 96 2
2 BEDROOM 1 5400 3050 2400 129.7 2

BLOCK JENIS C
BIL AREA(ft
L ROOM LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT ) FAN BLADE
1 LIVING ROOM 4575 3050 2400 109 2
2 BEDROOM 1 4575 3050 2400 109 2

DB LOAD FOR BLOCK A

 MCCB RCCB R/Y/B MCB NOS ITEM P WATT AMP
(KW) (A)
40A 40A L1 10A 4 3(50W lamp) 50 0.225 1.17
2P SPN 1(75W fan) 75
100mA
Trip
TPN L2 10A 4 3(26W lamp) 26 0.153 0.8
SPN 1(75W fan)
L3 10A 4 4(26W lamp) 26 0.104 0.54
SPN
Imax
33.55 L4 spare
Total L 0.482 2.51

40A P1 20A 2 1 SINGLE & 1 200 0.6 3.13

4P SPN DOUBLE 13A 400
30mA S.S.O
Trip
P2 20A 3 13A S.S.O 200 0.6 3.13
SPN
P3 20A 1 DOUBLE 13A 400 0.4 2.08
SPN S.S.O
P4
Total L 1.6 8.34

KW A
MD 1.6656 8.68
TCL 2.082 10.85

DB LOAD FOR BLOCK B

 MCCB RCCB R/Y/B MCB NOS ITEM P WATT AMP
(KW) (A)
40A 40A L1 10A 4 1(50W lamp) 50 0.177 0.92
2P SPN 2(26W lamp) 26
100mA 1(75W fan) 75
Trip
TPN L2 10A 4 3(26W lamp) 26 0.153 0.8
SPN 1(75W fan)
L3 10A 4 4(26W lamp) 26 0.104 0.54
SPN
Imax
33.55 L4 spare
Total L 0.434 2.26

40A P1 20A 2 1 SINGLE & 1 200 0.6 3.13

4P SPN DOUBLE 13A 400
30mA S.S.O
Trip
P2 20A 3 13A S.S.O 200 0.6 3.13
SPN
P3 20A 1 DOUBLE 13A 400 0.4 2.08
SPN S.S.O
P4
Total L 1.6 8.34

KW A
MD 1.6272 8.48
TCL 2.034 10.6

DB LOAD FOR BLOCK C

MCCB RCCB R/Y/B MCB NOS ITEM P WATT AMP
(KW) (A)
40A 40A L1 10A 4 3(50W lamp) 50 0.225 1.17
2P SPN 1(75W fan) 75
100mA
Trip
TPN L2 10A 4 3(26W lamp) 26 0.153 0.8
SPN 1(75W fan)
L3 10A 4 4(26W lamp) 26 0.104 0.54
SPN
Imax
33.55 L4 spare
Total L 0.482 2.51

40A P1 20A 2 1 SINGLE & 1 200 0.6 3.13

4P SPN DOUBLE 13A 400
30mA S.S.O
Trip
P2 20A 3 13A S.S.O 200 0.6 3.13
SPN
P3 20A 1 DOUBLE 13A 400 0.4 2.08
SPN S.S.O
P4
Total L 1.6 8.34

KW A
MD 1.6656 8.68
TCL 2.082 10.85