MT131 (M131): Discrete Mathematics

The TMA covers only chapters 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 and consists of eight questions for a
total of 40 marks. Please solve each question in the space provided. You should give
the details of your solutions and not just the final results.

Q−1:
a) [5 marks] Construct the truth tables of the statements
(p ˄ ¬r) ˅ ¬(r → ¬q) and p ˄ (q ˅ ¬r).
Determine whether they are logically equivalent.
b) [5×1 marks] In the questions below suppose that the variable x represents
people, F (x): x is friendly, T (x): x is tall and A (x): x is angry. Write each of the
following statement using these predicates and any needed quantifier:
i. Some people are not angry.
ii. All tall people are friendly.
iii. No friendly people are angry.
iv. Some tall angry people are friendly.
v. If a person is friendly, then that person is not angry.

Q¬−2:
a) [5×1 marks] Suppose f : R → Z where f (x) = 2x - 1.
i. Is f one-to-one? Explain.
ii. If A = {x | 1 ≤ x ≤ 4}, find f (A).
iii. If B = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, find f (B).
iv. If C = {-9, -8}, find f- -1(C).
v. If D = {0.4, 0.5, 0.6}, find f -1(D).
b) [5×1 marks] Prove or disprove each of the following:
i. The sum of two primes is a prime.
ii. If p and q are primes (> 2), then p + q is composite.
iii. If a ≡ b (mod 2m), then a ≡ b (mod m).
iv. A positive integer congruent to 1 modulo 4 cannot have a prime factor
congruent to 3 modulo 4.
v. For all integers a, b, c, if a | c and b | c, then ab | c2.

Q¬−3:
a) [5×1 marks] How many permutations of the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G that:
i. Have E in one of the first two positions?
ii. Do not have vowels on the ends?
iii. Have the two vowels before the five consonants?
iv. Have A immediately to the left of E?
v. Neither begin nor end with A?
b) [1+2+2 marks] Suppose that you have 30 different books (15 novels, 10
history books, and 5 math books). In how many ways can you:
i. Get a bunch of four books to give to a friend?
ii. Get a bunch of three history books and seven novels to give to a friend?
iii. Put the 30 books in a row on a shelf if the novels are on the left, the math
books are in the middle, and the history books are on the right?

Q¬−4: [5×2 marks] Suppose that you pick a bit string from the set of all bit strings of
length ten. Find the probability that
a) the bit string has exactly two 1s;
b) the bit string begins and ends with 0;
c) the bit string has the sum of its digits equal to seven;
d) the bit string has more 0s than 1s;
e) the bit string has exactly two 1s, given that the string begins with a 1.

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