7

MCRBG-0701-SK.
qxd 5-25-2001 11:19 AM Page 137
CHAPTER 7
Think & Discuss (p. 393) 4. XZ 10 5. mX 35 6. mQ 55
1. The image in box A is flipped to get the image in box B. 7. mZ mY mX 180 8. YZ QR
The image in box C is turned to get the image in box D. mZ 55 35 180
2. Sample answer: If you look at the picture as a whole, the mZ 90 180
right half is the image of the left half flipped over the
center vertical red line. mZ 90
9. QR RP PQ2
2 2
Skill Review (p.394)

QR2 102 12.22
1. AB 1 6 3 4
2 2
QR2 100 148.84
72 12 QR2 48.84
49 1 QR 7.0
50
25 2 Lesson 7.1
52 Developing Concepts Activity 7.1 (p. 395)
BC 8 12 4 32 Exploring the Concept
72 12
1. a. FH corresponds to KL. b. AB corresponds to JK.
49 1
FG corresponds to KJ. BC corresponds to KL.
50
GH corresponds to JL. CD corresponds to LM.
252
DE corresponds to MN.
52
AE corresponds to JN.
AB BC
c. WX corresponds to MN. d. NP corresponds to TU.
2. AB 3 02 1 32
XY corresponds to NP. PQ corresponds to UV.
32 22
YZ corresponds to PQ. QR corresponds to VW.
9 4
WZ corresponds to MQ. RS corresponds to WX.
13
NS corresponds to TX.
BC 7 32 4 12
2. a. Turn FGH to get LKJ.
42 32
b. Flip figure ABCDE to get figure JKLMN.
16 9
c. Slide figure WXYZ to get figure MNPQ.
25
d. Turn figure NPQRS to get figure TUVWX.
5
3. The three types of motion that preserve the congruence
AB and BC are not congruent. of a figure when it is moved in the plane are flip, slide,
3. AB 4 12 6 12 and turn.
32 52 4. Figure ABCD is flipped over line n to get figure EFGH.
9 25 5. A m Yes, EFGH is congruent to JKLM.

B
34
D
BC 7 42 1 62 C
n
H G L
32 52 M
F
9 25 E K
J
34
AB BC
Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 137

All rights reserved. Chapter 7 Worked-out Solutions Key
MCRBG-0701-SK.qxd 5-25-2001 11:19 AM Page 138
Chapter 7 continued
6. ABCD is turned to get JKLM.
28. KJL → EFD 29. PRQ → ACB
Yes, ABCD is congruent to JKLM.
30. LJK → DFE 31. RQP → CBA
7. No; there is no line over which ABCD can be flipped to
32. FG 4 12 2 12
give JKLM.
32 12
7.1 Guided Practice (p. 399)
9 1
1. An operation that maps a preimage onto an image is 10
called a transformation.
RS 2 12 2 12
2. The preimage and image of a transformation are some-
12 32
times congruent.
1 9
3. A transformation that is an isometry always preserves
length. 10
4. An isometry never maps an acute triangle onto an obtuse So, FG RS.
triangle. GH 1 42 4 22
5. translation 6. reflection 7. rotation 8. ST 9. VW
32 22
10. Sample answer: 11. WXY
9 4
QRS and VWX 13
7.1 Practice and Applications (pp. 399–402) ST 4 22 1 22
22 32
12. Figure ABCDE → Figure JKLMN.
4 9
13. This transformation is a rotation about the origin. The
figure ABCDE is turned about the origin. 13
14. Sample answer: 15. Sample answer: So, GH ST.
AE and JN L and C FH 1 12 4 12
16. 2, 4. 02 32
17. Sample answer: 0 9
AB corresponds to JK. 9
AB 2 1 3 1
2 2 3
12 22 RT 4 12 1 12
1 4 32 02
5 9 0
JK 3 1 2 1 2 2 9
2 2 12 3
4 1 So, FH RT.
5 33. AB 5 22 1 22
So, AB JK. 32 32

18. true 19. false 20. true 9 9
21. reflection in the line x 1; flip over the line x 1, 18
B3, 4, C3, 1, and D6, 1. 9 2
22. translation, slide 6 units to the right; L2, 2, 32
N5, 2, and M3, 4
—CONTINUED—
23. Yes; the preimage and image appear to be congruent.
24. Yes; the preimage and image appear to be congruent.
25. No; the preimage and image are not congruent.
26. ABC → PQR 27. DEF → LKJ
138 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Chapter 7 Worked-out Solutions Key All rights reserved.
Chapter 7 continued
33. —CONTINUED— 42. The letters b, d, p, and q can be formed from each other
XY 3 0 1 2
2 2 by reflection or rotation; the letters n and u can be
formed from each other by rotation or repeated reflection.
32 32
43. Sample answer: The lower right corner is the horizontal
9 9 reflection of the upper right corner. Then reflect the lower
18 right corner vertically to get the pattern for the lower left
corner. From there, reflect horizontally to get the upper
92
left corner.
32
44. B 45. D
So, AB XY. 46. Statements Reasons
BC 2 52 2 12 1. ABC → PQR and 1. Given
32 12 PQR → XYZ are
9 1 isometries.
10 2. AB PQ, BC QR, 2. Definition of isometry
YZ 0 3 2 1
2 2 AC PR, PQ XY,
QR YZ, and PR XZ
32 12
3. AB XY, BC YZ, 3. Transitive property of
9 1 AC XZ equality
10 4. AB XY, BC YZ, 4. Definition of
So, BC YZ. and AC XZ congruent segments
AC 2 2 2 2
2 2 5. ABC → XYZ is an 5. Definition of isometry
isometry.
02 42
0 16 7.1 Mixed Review (p. 402)
16 47. AB 3 22 10 22
4 52 122
XZ 0 02 2 22 25 144
02 42 169
0 16 13
16 48. CD 5 112 7 62
4 162 132
So, AC XZ. 256 169
34. 2a 96 35. 2y 6 425
a 48 y3 25 17
b 92 3x 1 14 517
c7 3x 13
49. EF 0 82 8 32
13
3d 6 x 3 413 82 52
d2 2w 70 64 25
w 35 89
36. translation 37. translation 38. reflection
50. GH 0 62 7 32
39. rotation
62 102
40. Yes, a point or a line segment can be its own preimage
36 100
when it is rotated or when it is reflected. Points or line
segments on a line of reflection are their own preimages. 136
A center of rotation is its own preimage. 4 34
41. From A to B, the stencil is reflected. From A to C, the 234
stencil is reflected. From A to D, the stencil is either
rotated or reflected twice.

Chapter 7 continued
51. polygon 52. polygon 58. Sample answers:
53. Not a polygon because one side is not a line 55 0
(1) slope of WX 0
segment. 91 8
54. Not a polygon because one side is not a line 1 1 0
slope of YZ 0
segment. 6 2 8
55. Not a polygon because two of the sides intersect only one 5 1 6
other side. slope of XY 2
96 3
56. polygon 5 1 6
slope of WZ 2
57. Sample answers: 1 2 3
64 2 WX YZ and XY WZ
(1) slope of PQ
70 7 WXYZ is a parallelogram because opposite sides are
4 2 2 2 parallel.
slope of RS
18 7 7 (2) WX 9 12 5 52
6 2 8 82 02
slope of QR 8
78 1
64 0
4 4 8
slope of PS 8 64
01 1
8
PQ RS and QR PS
YZ 6 22 1 12
So, PQRS is a parallelogram because both pairs of oppo-
site sides are parallel. 82 02
(2) PQ 0 72 4 62 64 0
7 2
2 2 64
49 4 8
53 XY 9 62 5 12
RS 8 12 2 42 32 62
72 22 9 36
49 4 45
53 9 5
QR 7 8 6 2
2 2 35
12 82 WZ 1 22 5 12
1 64 32 62
65 9 36
PS 0 1 4 4
2 2 45
1 2 82 9 5
1 64 35
65 WX YZ and XY WZ
PQ RS and QR PS WXYZ is a parallelogram because opposite sides are
congruent.
PQRS is a parallelogram because opposite sides are
congruent.

Chapter 7 continued
Lesson 7.2 7.2 Practice and Applications (pp. 407–410)
Developing Concepts Activity 7.2 (p. 403) 15. 16.
Exploring the Concept

k
Sample answer:
k
X A X'
B
Z Z'
17.
C
Y m Y'
Investigate
k
1. Measurements will vary, but XA AX, ZB BZ, and

YC CY.
2. The measure of each angle is 90. 18. True; N is 2 units above the line y 2, so its image is
2 units below the line.
3. The line m is the perpendicular bisector of each segment.
19. True; M is 3 units to the right of the line x 3, so its
Exploring the Concept image is 3 units to the left of the line.
20. False; W is one unit below the line y 2, so its image
Sample answer:
is one unit above the line. Its image should be
A C A' W6, 1.
21. True; U is 4 units to the right of the line x 1, so its
image is 4 units to the left of the line.
22. GH 23. CD 24. FE 25. EF
D 26. S0, 2 27. T3, 8

B' m B
y y
Make a Conjecture
T(3, 8)
S(0, 2)
4. Line m is the perpendicular bisector of each segment;
Sample answer: mACD mBDC 90 and 1 2
AC AC and BD BD. 1 x 2 x
5. The line of reflection is the perpendicular bisector of the S'(0, 2)

segment connecting a point and its image. T'(3, 8)

28. Q3, 3 29. R7, 2
1. A line of symmetry is a line in which a figure can be
y y
reflected onto itself.
2. When a point is reflected in the x-axis, the x-coordinates
of the point and its image are the same and the 1 2
y-coordinates are opposites. 1 x 2 x
3. not a reflection 4. not a reflection 5. reflection R'(7, 2) R(7, 2)

Q(3, 3) Q'(3, 3)
6. AB → EF 7. DAB → DEF
8. C → G 9. D → D 10. CBA → GFE
11. DC → DG 12. 3 lines of symmetry
13. 4 lines of symmetry 14. 5 lines of symmetry

Chapter 7 continued
30. Sample answer: 37. y 38. y
y
A(1, 5)
B(7, 1) A'(2, 2)
B'(9, 11) 2 2
C(5, 0)
A'(3, 9) 2 C(6, 0) x 2 x
B(11, 9) A(2, 2)
C(5, 7) A'(1, 5) B(11, 4)
A(9, 3)
2
C'(7, 5)
2 x
6, 0 5, 0
The coordinates of the vertices of the image of x, y are 39. y 40. y B(3.5, 9)
reversals of the coordinates of the vertices of the preim- A(4, 6)
age, y, x. A(1, 4) B(6, 3)
31. 32. 2 2
j C(1, 0)
4 x 2 x
C(3, 0)
A'(1, 4)
k A'(4, 6)
3, 0 1, 0
33. Draw PP and QQ intersecting line m at points S and T. 41. The two molecules are reflections of each other.
PQ and PQ intersects line m at R. By the definition 42. Triangle 2 is a reflection of triangle 1; triangle 3 is a
of reflection, PS PS and RSPP and QT QT translation of triangle 1.
and RTQQ. RT RT and SR SR by the
43. Triangles 2 and 3 are reflections of triangle 1. Triangle 4
Reflexive Property of Congruence. Angles PSR,
is a rotation of triangle 1.
RSP, RTQ and RTQ are right angles (definition of
perpendicular) and are congruent (all right angles are 44. nmA 180 45. nmA 180
congruent). It follows that PSR PSR and 4mA 180 2mA 180
QTR QTR by the SAS Congruence Postulate.
mA 45 mA 90
Since corresponding parts of s are , PR PR
and QR QR. So PR PR and QR QR. Since 46. nmA 180
PQ PR QR and PQ PR QR by the 3mA 180
Segment Addition Postulate, we get by substitution
PQ PQ, or PQ PQ. mA 60
34. Since P is on m, then P P by definition of a reflec- 47. Drawings will vary. The distance between each vertex of
tion. By definition of reflection, mQQ and QR QR the preimage and line m is equal to the distance between
where R is the point where m and QQ intersect. Since the corresponding vertex of the image and line m.
mQQ, PRQ and PRQ are right angles. 48. 3x 4 49. 2u 1 13
PRQ PRQ because all right angles are congruent. x
4
2u 12
3
PR PR by the Reflexive Property of Congruence. So
PRQ PRQ by SAS Congruence Postulate.
1
2y 10 8 u6
Therefore PQ PQ or PQ PQ because correspond- 1
2y 18 5v 10 19
ing parts of congruent triangles are congruent. Finally,
y 36 5v 29
PQ PQ by definition of congruent segments.
29
2z 1 5 v 5
35. By definition of a reflection, m is the perpendicular bisec-
tor of PP, Q is on m, and Q Q. Then PQ PQ by 2z 6 3w 15
the definition of reflection. But Q Q, so PQ PQ. z3 w5
36. Reflect H in line n to obtain its image H. Then draw a
↔ 50. B 51. B
line HJ. This will intersect n in a point K. Then the
distance traveled, HK KJ, will be as small as possible.

Chapter 7 continued
52. y 53. Q 22 2, 12 1 67. ab < c < ab

41.2 15.5 < c < 41.2 15.5
1
R(2, 1) Q ,
0 0
2 2
25.7 < c < 56.7
68. ba < c < ab
Q(0, 0) x Q 0, 0
R'(2, 1) 11.9 7.1 < c < 7.1 11.9
4.8 < c < 19
69. mC mD 61
1 1 2 1 mA mB 180 mD

54. slope of RR
2 2 4 2 180 61
1
The slope of RR is . So the slope of the line perpendic- 119
2
1 70. mD 90
ular to RR is 2 because 2 1.
2 mA 180 mB
55. y 0 2x 0 180 115 65
y 2x 71. mC mB 180 mA mD 180
56. (52) y mC 119 180 mA 74 180
R(2, 3)
mC 61 mA 106
1 1
1 Q( 2 , 2 )
1 x Lesson 7.3
R'(3, 2) Technology Activity 7.3 (p. 411)
1. ABC ABC.
2. a rotation about the point of intersection of the lines
(53) Q 3 22, 22 3 3. Answers will vary.
12, 12
4. The measure of the acute angle is half the measure of
Q APA.
3 2 5 5. mBPB mCPC twice the measure of the acute
(54) slope of RR 1 angle formed by lines m and k
2 3 5
The slope of RR is 1 so a line perpendicular to 6. The measure of the angle of rotation is twice the measure
RR has slope 1 because 1 1 1. of the acute angle formed by the two lines.
(55) y 12 1 x 1
2 Extension
1
y2x 12
The conjecture is correct.
yx
Activity 7.3 (p. 413)
7.2 Mixed Review (p. 410)
Answers may vary.
57. A P 58. PQ AB 12 59. QR BC
Sample answer:
60. mC mR 35 61. mQ mB 101
B'
62. R C
63. ba < c < ab 64. ba < c < ab A
17 7 < c < 7 17 21 9 < c < 9 21 C'
10 < c < 24 12 < c < 30
A' B
P C
65. ba < c < ab 66. ab < c < ab
33 12 < c < 12 33 26 6 < c < 26 6
21 < c < 45 20 < c < 32

Chapter 7 continued
7.3 Guided Practice (p. 416) 24. Y
1. A center of rotation is the fixed point about which a

X Z
figure being rotated is turned.
2. counterclockwise W
3. Yes, AB AB because a rotation is an isometry. W
P
4. No, AA BB because the distance between any point X
and its image after a rotation is not fixed.

5. The measure of the acute angle between k and m would Z
be half the measure of the angle of rotation. So it would Y
be 12 90 45.
6. A clockwise rotation of 60 about P maps R onto S. 25. J1, 2, K4, 1, L4, 3, M1, 3
7. A counterclockwise rotation of 60 about P maps R 26. P1, 3, Q3, 5, R4, 2, S2, 0.
onto Q. 27. D4, 1, E0, 2, F2, 5.
8. A clockwise rotation of 120 about Q maps R onto W. 28. A1, 1, B4, 2, C2, 5; the x-coordinate of the
9. A counterclockwise rotation of 180 about P maps V image is the y-coordinate of the preimage. The y-coordi-
onto R. nate of the image is the opposite of the x-coordinate of
the preimage.
10. The figure has rotational symmetry about its center with
a rotation of 180, either clockwise or counterclockwise. 29. O0, 0, X2, 3, and Z3, 4; the x-coordinate of the
image is the opposite of the x-coordinate of the preimage.
11. The figure has rotational symmetry about its center with The y-coordinate of the image is the opposite of the
a rotation of 180, either clockwise or counterclockwise. y-coordinate of the preimage.
12. The figure does not have rotational symmetry. 30. The measure of the angle of rotation from ABC to
ABC is twice the measure of the acute angle of the
7.3 Practice and Applications (pp. 416–419)
intersecting lines, which is 2 35 or 70.
13. CD 14. LH 15. GE 16. BM 17. MAB 31. The measure of the angle of rotation from ABC to
18. FGL 19. CPA ABC is twice the measure of the acute angle of the
intersecting lines, which is 2 15 or 30.
20. By definition of a rotation, PR PR and PQ PQ.
By the definition of congruent segments PR PR and 32. The measure of the angle of rotation about D is 2 36
PQ PQ. By the Segment Addition Postulate, or 72.
PR RQ PR RQ , so RQ RQ by the 33. The measure of the acute angle between lines m and n is
subtraction property of equality. Finally RQ RQ by 1
2 162 or 81.
definition of congruent segments.
34. 4e 2 5 35. 2q 60
21. By definition of rotation QP QP. Since P and R are
4e 7 q 30
the same point and R and R are the same point, then
QR QR. 7 3t 3
e
4 t1
22. A 23. R S
3b 12 2r 10
b4 r5
B
d 2 10 2u 4
C Q T
P
d8 u2
P
C Q c
A 7 s 11
2
B
R c 14
T
2a 110
a 55
S
36. The wheel hub can be mapped onto itself by a clockwise
or counterclockwise rotation of 45, 90, 135, or 180
about its center.

Chapter 7 continued
37. The wheel hub can be mapped onto itself by a clockwise 44. a. By definition of a reflection, kQQ and QA QA
or counterclockwise rotation of 5137, 10267, or 15427 where A is the point of intersection of k and QQ.
(which is 360 17, 360 27, and 360 37, respectively) QAP and QAP are right angles, and
about its center. QAP QAP because all right angles are congru-
38. The wheel hub can be mapped onto itself by a clockwise ent. By the Reflexive Property of Congruence,
or counterclockwise rotation of 72 and 144 (which is AP AP. So, QAP QAP by the SAS
360 15 and 360 25, respectively) about its center. Congruence Postulate. By corresponding parts of con-
39. Yes, the image can be mapped onto itself by a clockwise
gruent triangles are congruent, PQ PQ. By defini-
or counterclockwise rotation of 180 about its center. tion of a reflection, mQQ and QB QB where B
is the point of intersection of m and QQ. QBP
40. Yes; the answer would change to a clockwise or counter- and QBP are right angles, and QBP QBP
cockwise rotation of 90 or 180 about its center. This is since all right angles are congruent. BP BP by the
because the white figures can be mapped onto the black Reflexive Property of Congruence. So
figures. QBP QBP by the SAS Congruence Postulate.
41. The center of rotation is the point of intersection of the Since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
diagonals of the square. congruent, PQ PQ. Since QP QP then
QP QP by the Transitive Property of Congruence.
42. Yes, it is possible for the piece to be hung upside down
Q is a rotation of Q about point P.
because the rotational symmetry has an angle of rotation
of 180. This would make the picture the same right side b. QPA QPA and QPB QPB because
up and upside down. corresponding parts of s are . By the definition
of congruent angles, mQPB mQPB and
43. a. Graph for a–c. y
mQPA mQPA. By the Angle Addition
T''
S''
Postulate, mAPB mQPA mQPB,
S' S mQPQ mQPA mQPA mQPB
mQPB. Then, mQPQ mQPA
R''
1 mQPA mQPB mQPB by
T' R' R T
1 x substitution. By the Distributive property,
mQPQ 2mQPA mQPB. Finally
by substitution, mQPQ 2mAPB.
b. R1, 1, S4, 3, T5, 1 7.3 Mixed Review (p. 419)
c. R1, 1, S3, 4, T1, 5 45. m5 m1 82 46. m7 m5 82
d. A single transformation that maps RST onto 47. m3 m1 82
RST would be a counterclockwise rotation of 90
48. m6 m5 180 49. m4 m1 180
about the origin.
m6 82 180 m4 82 180
e. Any polygon can be rotated 90 counterclockwise
about the origin by doing two reflections of the poly- m6 98 m4 98
gon. First, reflect the polygon in one of the axis. Then 50. m8 m6 98
reflect the result of the first reflection in the line
y x or y x. Then the measure of the acute 51. Sample answer: 52. Sample answer:
angle between the two lines is 45 and the angle of
rotation is 90.
The circumcenter is
outside the triangle when The circumcenter of a
the triangle is obtuse. right triangle is always
on the triangle.

Chapter 7
53. Sample answer: 11. 12.
The circumcenter of an acute triangle is always inside the

triangle. 13.
54. Only one pair of sides are given as parallel, which is not
enough information to show that the figure is a parallelo-
gram.
Quiz 1 (p. 420) 14.
1. Figure ABCD → Figure RSTQ.

2. The transformation is a reflection in line m. The figure is
flipped over line m.
3. Yes, the reflection is an isometry because it preserves
length.
4. L2, 3 5. M2, 4 6. N4, 0 7.4 Practice and Applications (pp.425–428)
7. P8.2, 3 15. a. x, y → x 3, y 4 b. 3, 4
8. The rotations that map the knot onto itself are rotations 16. a. x, y → x 5, y 2 b. 5, 2
by multiples of 120 360
3 clockwise or counter- \
17. HJ ; 4, 2
\
18. LK ; 4, 4

\
19. MN ; 5, 0
clockwise about the center of the knot where the rope
starts to unravel. 20. ABC 21. k and m
22. Sample answer: AA and CC
Math & History (p. 420)
23. CC 1.4 1.4 2.8 inches
1. The design has 2 lines of symmetry. 24. Yes, the distance from B to m is the same as the distance
2. The design has rotational symmetry. It can be mapped from B to m because B is reflected in m onto B and by
onto itself by a rotation of 180° clockwise or counter- the definition of reflection, the distances are equal.
clockwise about its center. 25. The image of 5, 3 is 5 12, 3 7 or 17, 4.
26. The image of 1, 2 is 1 12, 2 7 or
Lesson 7.4 11, 9.
7.4 Guided Practice (p. 425) 27. The preimage of 2, 1 is 2 12, 1 7 or
14, 8.
1. A vector is a quantity that has both direction and
magnitude. 28. The preimage of 0, 6 is 0 12, 6 7 or
\ 12, 1.
2. Sample answer: The direction is incorrect. PQ starts at
P and ends at Q. So the vector from P to Q is 6, 2. 29. The image of 0.5, 2.5 is 0.5 12, 2.5 7 or
12.5, 4.5.
3. x, y → x 6, y 2. 4. x, y → x 4, y 3.
30. The preimage of 5.5, 5.5 is 5.5 12, 5.5 7
5. x, y → x 7, y 1. 6. x, y → x 5, y 8. or 17.5, 1.5.
7. If 0, 2 maps onto 0, 0, then 8, 5 maps 8, 3. 31. y Q
8. If 0, 2 maps onto 5, 4, then 8, 5 maps onto 3, 7. R
9. If 0, 2 maps onto 3, 5, then 8, 5 maps onto

5, 2. P
1
Q
1 R x
10. If 0, 2 maps onto 8, 3, then 8, 5 maps onto 1
S
0, 0.
P
11.–14. Sample figures are given.
S

Chapter 7 continued
32. Q y 41. y A
R
P
1
B
A 1 C x
S
Q
R B
C
1
P
1 x 42. y
1
S
A
A
33. y
Q B
2
R B
Q C
R 1 C x
1
P
1 x
1
S P 43. We are given Pa, b and Qc, d. Suppose P has coordi-
nates a r, b s. Then
S
PP a r a2 b s b2 or r2 s2. The

34. y Q bsb s
R slope of PP or . If PP QQ and
ara r
Q PP QQ as given, then QQ r2 s2 and the slope
1
P R s
1 x of QQ is . So, the coordinates of Q are c r, d s.
r
S
P
By the Distance Formula, PQ a c2 b d2
S
and
PQ a r c r2 b s d s2
35. true 36. false 37. true. 38. true or a c2 b d2. Thus, by the substitution prop-
39.
erty of equality, PQ PQ.
y A
44. C 45. D 46. A 47. B
48. yes 49. no 50. yes
B
A 51. Samples might include photographs of floor tiles or
C
fabric patterns.
1
B 52. C: x, y → x 12, y, D: x, y → x, y 6, E:
1 C x
x, y → x 6, y 6. F: x, y → x 12, y 6
\ \
53. The two vectors are AB 6, 4 and BC 4, 6.

40. y A
54. To arrive at D from C, the vector is CD 8, 2.
\
55. To go straight from town A to town D, the vector would

\
1
A B be AD 18, 12.
x
1 C 56. The correct answer is C because a translation preserves
B length.
C

Chapter 7 continued
57. AB 1 22 2 62 60. 1 4 2x 1 61. r133
12 42 3 2x 1 r23
1 16 2 2x r1
17 1x 86s1
AA 3 2 3 6
2 2 w14 2s1
52 3 2 w3 1s
25 9 8y 1 4 3 2t 2 3 5
34 8y 3 3 2t 1 5
B 8y 0 2t 4
58. BB 4 1 1 2
2 2 y0 t2
5 3
2 2 1 1 3z u 6 2u
25 9 2 3z 6 3u
2
34 3 z 2u
AA 8 32 3 32
52 02
8 2 18 3
25 0 62. m 63. m
7 0 1 2
25 6
15
5 7
3
A 6 5

59. AB 9 32 1 32 7
62 42 11 6 12

64. m 65. m
1 10 1 2
36 16
0 6
52
9 1
4 13 0 6
213
10 0 6 3
AB 4 82 1 32 66. m 67. m
0 6 9 3
42 42 10 9

16 16 6 12
32
5 3

3 4
16 2
68. If JK 12, then SR 6. 69. If QR 6, then JL 12.
42
70. If RL 6, then QS 6. 71. true 72. false 73. false
A
Lesson 7.5
Developing Concepts Activity 7.5 (p. 429)
Exploring the Concept
y
C
B
1
A
1 x
A' B' A''
C''
C'
B''

Chapter 7 continued
Investigation Extension
1. A8, 2, B7, 5, C5, 4 AB 4 12 2 12

2. y
C B'' 32 12
C''
9 1
1
B A'' 10
A
1 x AB 11 102 5 22
A'
12 32
1 9
C'
B' 10
A10, 2, B11, 5, C13, 4 So, AB AB.
3. Yes, the order in which transformations are completed

AC 3 12 4 12
affects the final image. 22 32
4 9
Investigate
13
4. y
H
H' AC 13 102 4 22
1
32 22
2 x 9 4
J J'
K K' 13
H''
So, AC AC.
BC 3 42 4 22
J''
12 22
K'' 1 4
H11, 3, J8, 7, K11, 8 5
5. y
H
BC 13 112 4 52
22 12
1
4 1
2 x
J 5
K
H' H'' So, BC BC.
The transformation that maps ABC onto ABC is an
isometry, by definition.
J' J''
K' K'' 7.5 Guided Practice (p. 433)
H11, 3, J8, 7, K11, 8; the coordinates are 1. In a glide reflection, the direction of a the translation
the same; switching the order of the transformations did must be parallel to the line of reflection.
not affect the image in this example. 2. The order in which two transformations are performed
sometimes affects the resulting image.
3. In a glide reflection, the order in which the two transfor-
mations are performed never matters.
4. A composition of isometries is always an isometry.
5. AB 6. AB
7. The line of reflection is the y-axis.
8. x, y → x, y 3

Chapter 7 continued
7.5 Practice and Applications (pp. 433–436) 21. y
G(4, 8) G(8, 8)
9. A 10. C 11. B
12. 13. F (1, 7) F (5, 7)
y y
translation, reflection,
A(3, 5) A(3, 5) A'(1, 6) then then
2 reflection translation
2 x
y 2 1
1
A'(3, 1) A''(3, 1) 1 x
1 x
The order does affect the final image.

A''(1, 10)
1
22. reflection in the line y 2 , followed by a clockwise
14. y 15. y rotation of 90 about the origin
A(3, 5) 23. reflection in the line y 2, followed by a reflection in
A(3, 5)
2 the line x 2
A''(7, 4) A'(6, 2)
A'(9, 4) 2 x
2 24. clockwise rotation of 90 about the origin, followed by
x
the translation x, y → x, y 3
2 yx
A''(2, 6) 25. counterclockwise rotation of 90 about the point (0, 1),
x 1 followed by the translation x, y → x 2, y 3
26. A glide reflection is an isometry because it is a composi-
16. y 17. y tion of a translation and a reflection, both of which are
P (4, 2)
isometries. The composition of two isometries is an
P (2, 1) isometry.
1 R (8, 1) 2
1 x 2 2 x 27. A, B, and C are preserved in a glide reflection.

1 2
28. Answers will vary.
Q (0, 2)
Q (7, 6) 29. x, y → x 7, y 2
R (3, 4)
x 7, y 2 → x 7 1, y 2 3
x 7, y 2 → x 6, y 1
18. y
P (2, 7) So, x, y → x 6, y 1.
30. x, y → x 9, y 4
R (6, 5)
x 9, y 4 → x 9 6, y 4 4
Q (2, 4)
x 8, y 4 → x 15, y
1 So, x, y → x 15, y
1 x 31. After each part was painted, the stencil was moved
through a glide reflection. The translation moved it to
19. P (2, 7) y the right and the reflection in a horizontal line through
its center flipped the design.
Q (7, 6) 32. 5 33. 1, 4, 5, 6 34. 2, 7
35. The pattern can be made by a horizontal translation, 180
R (1, 2) rotation, vertical line reflection, or horizontal glide
1
reflection.
1 1 x
36. The pattern can be made by a vertical translation.
20. F(4, 4) y The order does affect the 37. The pattern can be made by a translation or 180 rotation.
final image.
reflection, 38. Sample answer: The X tile needs to be rotated 90 clock-
then
rotation wise, then reflected in a horizontal line. The Y tile needs
1
G(2, 1) x to be reflected in a vertical line, then rotated 90 counter-
1 clockwise.
G(2, 1)
rotation,
then
reflection
F (4, 4)

Chapter 7 continued
39. a. Answers will vary. 45. —CONTINUED—
b. Conjecture: The midpoint of the segment connecting RS 2 62 6 52
the point and its image is on the x-axis. 42 12
c. Let x, y be the original point, since the translation
16 1
must be parallel to the line of reflection, the coordi-
nates of the image are x a, y for some number 17
a. The coordinates of the midpoint are PS 2 12 6 22

x 2a x, y2 y
2x 2 a, 0. 12 42
1 16
Then the midpoint is on the x-axis
17
d. Yes; the midpoint is the point where the segments and
PQ QR RS PS so PQRS is a rhombus.
the line of reflection intersect.
PR 1 62 2 52
40. 2 3 c 1 b632
52 32
1c1 b32
25 9
0c b5
34
1 f 6 4e
6 QS 5 22 1 62
1 f 4 e
3 32 52
1 f 2 e
9 25
2a 4 2h4
34
a2 2 h
4 3 5d 11 Since PR QS, the diagonals of PQRS are congruent, so
PQRS is a rectangle. By the Square Corollary, PQRS is a
1 5d 11 square.
10 5d 46. PQ 15 102 7 72
2d 52 02
4 3g 5 25 0
9 3g 25
3 g 5
QR 15 152 1 72
02 62
41. 42. 43.
0 36
36
6
44. RS 10 152 1 12
52 02
25 0
45. PQ 5 12 1 22 25
42 12 5
16 1 PS 10 102 1 72
17 02 62
QR 6 52 5 12 0 36
12 42 36
1 16 6
17 Since opposite sides are congruent, PQRS is a
—CONTINUED— parallelogram.
—CONTINUED—

MCRBG-0704-SK.qxd 6-15-2001 3:22 PM Page 152
Chapter 7 continued
46. —CONTINUED— 48. 8, 3, 1, 7.
PR 10 152 7 12 49. A y
5 62 2
A C
25 36
C
61
QS 15 102 7 12
B
52 62 1
B
25 36 1 x
61
A6, 9, B6, 3, C2, 8
Since PR QS, the diagonals are congruent, so PQRS is
a rectangle. 50. y
B
47. PQ 10 8 7 4
2 2
A C
22 32
A
2
4 9 C
2 x
13
B
QR 8 102 10 72
22 32
A10, 2, B10, 4, C6, 1
4 9
51. y
13
RS 6 82 7 102 A A
C C
22 32
4 9
13
PS 6 82 7 42 B B
1
1 x
22 32
4 9
A3, 7, B3, 1, C1, 6
13
52. y
PR 8 82 4 102
A
C C
02 62
36 A
2
B
6 2 x
B
QS 10 62 7 72
42 02
16 A13, 3, B13, 3, C9, 2
4 53. A y
All four sides are congruent, but the diagonals are not C
congruent, so PQRS is a rhombus but not a rectangle or A
a square. C
B
1
B
1 x
A9, 9.5, B9, 3.5, C5, 8.5

Chapter 7 continued
54. y 22. The pattern on the collar can be classified as TG.
A 23. The pattern on the collar can be classified as T.

C
A 24. Answers will vary.
B C
2 25. Answers will vary.
2 x
26.–31. Sample patterns are given.
B 26.
A7.5, 2.5, B7.5, 3.5, C3.5, 1.5
Lesson 7.6
27.

1. A frieze pattern is a pattern that extends to the left and
right in such a way that the pattern can be mapped onto
itself by a horizontal translation.
28.
2. The pattern is an example of TV because there is no 180
rotational symmetry. But there is a vertical line symmetry
because the triangle is equilateral.
3. translation, vertical line reflection
4. translation, rotation, horizontal line reflection, vertical 29.
line reflection, horizontal glide reflection
5. translation, rotation, vertical line reflection, horizontal
glide reflection
6. translation, rotation, vertical line reflection, horizontal
30.
glide reflection
7. The five possible transformations that can be found in a
freeze pattern are translation (T), 180 rotation (R), hori-
zontal glide reflection (G), vertical line reflection (V),
and horizontal line reflection (H). 31.
7.6 Practice and Applications (pp. 440–443)
8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
12. translation, horizontal line reflection, horizontal glide 32. T
reflection
33. TRHVG
13. translation, 180 rotation 14. translation, 180 rotation
34. TR
15. translation, 180 rotation, horizontal line reflection,
35. There are three bands of frieze patterns visible.
vertical line reflection, horizontal glide reflection
36. The patterns near the top and bottom of the jar are T. The
16. Yes; there is a reflection in any vertical line that lies
pattern in the middle of the jar is TR.
midway between two figures.
37. Answers will vary.
17. Yes; there is a reflection in a the x-axis.
38. Sample answer:
18. The transformation that maps A onto F is a reflection in
the x-axis, followed by a horizontal translation described The band around the middle is an example of THG.
by x, y → x 14, y. 39. d 9.5 in.
19. The transformation that maps D onto B is a 180 rotation C d 3.14 9.5 29.83 in.
about 8, 0.
The circumference of the base is about 29.83 inches. If
20. The frieze pattern is TRHVG. you want 10 repetitions of the design, the design should
21. The pattern on the collar can be classified as TRHVG. be about 29.83 10 or 2.98 inches wide.

Chapter 7 continued
40. 49. —CONTINUED—
b.
41.
c.
42.
50. a. T b. TVG c. TRVG
51. Design A does not have a rotational symmetry.
Sample answer:
43. Sample answer: The design on the tiles limits what clas-
sifications of patterns can be made. For instance, in
Exercise 40, the design on the tile would not allow the
creation of THG in a single row because there is not a
horizontal line of symmetry in the tile. The same would
be true for the tile in Exercise 41.
52. If it has 180 rotational symmetry, then its classification
44. If a pattern can be mapped onto itself by a horizontal must be at least TR. The 180 symmetry means that the
glide reflection and by a vertical line reflection, it can be pattern can be mapped onto itself with a 180 rotation.
mapped onto itself by a 180 rotation about the point Therefore, it must at least be TR.
where the lines of reflection intersect.
53.
45. If a pattern can be mapped onto itself by a horizontal line Is there a 180
reflection and by a vertical line reflection, it can be Yes No
rotation?
mapped onto itself by a 180° rotation about the point
where the lines intersect. It can also be mapped onto
Is there a line Is there a line of
itself by a horizontal glide reflection involving the given
of reflection? reflection?
horizontal line reflection and any translation.
46. If a pattern can be mapped onto itself by a 180° rotation
about a point and a horizontal glide reflection, the center Yes No Yes No
of rotation must be on the line of reflection for the glide
reflection. Then the pattern can be mapped onto itself by
reflection in a vertical line through the center of rotation. Is the reflection Is the reflection Is there a glide
in a horizontal in a horizontal reflection?
47. Sample answer:
line? line?
y C B
Yes No Yes No Yes No

1
A
1 x TRHVG TRVG TR THG TV TG T
48. Sample answer:

y
E
54. 23 12 11 girls 55. 21 8 13 girls
D F
G girls 11 girls 13
1
x
boys 12 boys 8
1 H
56. 13 3 10 girls 57. 35 19 16 girls
49. Sample answers: girls 10 girls 16

a. boys 3 boys 19
58. 18 11 7 girls 59. 20 10 10 girls
girls 7 girls 10
1
boys 11 boys 10
—CONTINUED—

Chapter 7 continued
60. 3x 5 3 3x 5 x 2y 23 2y 3y 4
2 4. 5.
61. k
3x 5 23 4x 5 2y 23 5y 4
8 10
2y 10 8
3x 5 3x 3 3 y 3 k
8 5 4 8
3x 3x 3 3 y 3
1 5
3x 3 y2
x5 w 23 w w 4
6. 7. B
7z 2 23 7z 2 3z w 23 2w 4 A
k
7z 2 23 10z 2 w 43w 83
20 4 1
7z 2 3 z 3 3 w 83 A
P
20 2 B
7z 3z 3 w8
1 2
3z 3
z2 8. P 9. P
1 1 H L M
62. A 2 d1d2 63. A 2 d1d2 H G M N
2 12 124 20
1
2 15 1512 12
1

F G

1
2 30 24
1
2 24 24 K N
L
360 square units 288 square units
F
64. A 2 hb1 b2
1
K

1
2 17 17 35 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B

1
2 17 52 14. x, y → x 4, y 5, followed by 90 clockwise rota-
tion about the origin
442 square units
15. reflection in the x-axis, followed by a 90 counterclock-
Quiz 2 (p. 444) wise rotation about the origin
16. The rainbow boa’s snakeskin has a frieze pattern classified
1. A0, 5, B5, 6, C2, 4
as TR.
2. A4, 6, B1, 7, C2, 5
17. The gray-banded kingsnake’s snakeskin has a frieze pat-
3. A3, 2, B2, 1, C1, 3 tern classified as TRHVG.
4. A4, 4, B9, 5, C6, 3
Chapter 7 Test (p. 449)
5. y 6. y
1. The transformation that maps RST onto XYZ is a
Q
(4, 1) reflection in the y-axis.
1 1
Q
(1, 0)
1 x 1 1 x 2. Yes, RT XZ because a reflection preserves length.
1
3. The image of T is Z. 4. The preimage of Y is S.
R
(2, 2)
P
(3, 3) R
(2, 3) P
(5, 3) 5. Sample answer: 6. Sample answer:
7. Yes, the frieze pattern is TR.
Chapter 7 Review (pp. 446–448)
1. Yes; it is an isometry because the figure and its image

appear to be congruent. 7. The transformation that maps figure T onto figure T is a
2. No; it is not an isometry because the figure and its image reflection in line m.
are not congruent. 8. The transformation that maps figure T onto T
is a reflec-
3. Yes; it is an isometry because the figure and its image tion in line m followed by a reflection in line n. Or it is a
appear to be congruent. rotation about the point of intersection of lines m and n.
9. The measure of the angle of rotation is twice the measure
of the acute angle formed by lines m and n. So, the
measure of the angle of rotation is 2 85 or 170.

Chapter 7 continued
10. The transformation that maps figure R onto figure R is a 18. The flag of the United Kingdom has a vertical line of
reflection in line k. symmetry, a horizontal line of symmetry, and rotational
symmetry. It can be mapped onto itself by a clockwise
11. The transformation that maps figure R onto R
is a reflec- or counterclockwise rotation of 180 about its center.
tion in line k, followed by a reflection in line m, or it is a
translation. 19. translation, 180° rotation, horizontal line reflection,
vertical line reflection, glide reflection
12. The distance between corresponding parts of figure R and
20. translation, 180° rotation, horizontal line reflection,
figure R
is twice the distance between lines k and m. The
distance is 2 5 or 10 units. vertical line reflection, glide reflection
21. translation, vertical line rotation
13. A glide reflection is a composition of a translation fol-
lowed by a reflection in a line parallel to the translation
Chapter 7 Standardized Test (pp. 450–451)
vector.
14. Sample answer: 1. B 2. D 3. E
y 4. 8y 6 42
B
8y 48
A y6
1
A
2x 19 101

A 1
3z 18
1
1 x
2x 82
B z6
x 41
A
B
5. W3, 8 → 3 8, 8 10 or 5, 2
AB is the final image when AB is rotated 90 clockwise X7, 6 → 7 8, 6 10 or 1, 4
about the origin, then reflected in the y-axis. A
B
is the
Y5, 2 → 5 8, 2 10 or 3, 8
final image when AB is reflected in the y-axis, then
rotated 90 clockwise about the origin. B
15. Sample answer: 6. D
y 7. A 90 counterclockwise rotation maps AB onto AB. A

Q(4, 6)
reflection in the x-axis maps AB onto A
B
. So the
correct answer is D.
8. C
1
P(1, 2) 9. With the reflection in y 1, S6, 2 is mapped onto
1 x
S6, 4 and T3, 5 is mapped onto T3, 7. A
P(6, 2) 90 clockwise rotation about the point 3, 2 maps
S6, 4 onto S
1, 5 and T3, 7 onto T
2, 2. So
the correct answer is E.
10. The letters that have a vertical line of symmetry are A, H,
Q(9, 6) I, M, O, T, W, X, and Y.
PQ is reflected in the x-axis, then translated 11. The letters that have a horizontal line of symmetry are C,
x, y → x 5, y. The same image results if the E, H, K, O, and X.
transformations are performed in reverse order.
12. The letters with a rotational symmetry are H, N, O, S, X,
16. The flag of Switzerland has a vertical line of symmetry, and Z.
a horizontal line of symmetry, two diagonal lines of
symmetry and rotational symmetry. It can be mapped
onto itself by a clockwise or counterclockwise rotation
of 180 about the center.
17. The flag of Jamaica has a vertical line of symmetry, a
horizontal line of symmetry, and rotational symmetry. It
can be mapped onto itself by a clockwise or counter-
clockwise rotation of 180 about the center.

Chapter 7 continued
13. a. x, y → x 2, y 7 b. 2, 7
14. The coordinates of the vertices of figure WXYZ are

W2 7, 6 2 or W9, 4, X4 7, 6 2 or
X11, 4, Y5 7, 3 2 or Y12, 1, and
Z0 7, 3 2 or Z7, 1.
15. 90 clockwise rotation about the origin
1
16. Sample answer: y 22
Project Chapters 6–7 (pp. 452–453)
Investigation
1. No; the quadrilateral is not a regular polygon.

2. Some transformations that would map the pattern onto
itself are translations and rotations.
3. The sum of the measures of the angles at any vertex of a
quadrilateral tessellation is 360. Any quadrilateral will
tessellate because the sum of the measures of its angles is
360. If all four angles are placed so they are adjacent,
the full 360° rotation is covered.
4. Square and equilateral triangle tessellations are regular
tessellations.
5. Tessellations will vary.
A translation and a rotation map the pattern onto itself.
6. Sample answer:
This is a semiregular tessellation.

7. These shapes cannot be used together to create a tessella-
tion because there is no combination of multiples of 108
and multiples of 90 that add together to get 360.
8. These shapes can be used together to create a nonregular
tessellation.
Sample answer:


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MCRBG-0701-SK.

qxd 5-25-2001 11:19 AM Page 137

Think & Discuss (p. 393) 4. XZ 10 5. mX 35 6. mQ 55

Skill Review (p.394)

9 25 5. A m Yes, EFGH is congruent to JKLM.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 137

So, AB JK. 32 32

138 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 139

140 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Developing Concepts Activity 7.2 (p. 403) 15. 16.

Exploring the Concept

1. Measurements will vary, but XA AX, ZB BZ, and

D 26. S0, 2 27. T3, 8

AC AC and BD BD. 1 x 2 x

5. The line of reflection is the perpendicular bisector of the S'(0, 2)

7.2 Guided Practice (p. 407)

3. not a reflection 4. not a reflection 5. reflection R'(7, 2) R(7, 2)

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 141

142 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

52. y 53. Q 22 2, 12 1 67. ab < c < ab

1  1 2 1 mA mB 180  mD

R'(3, 2) Technology Activity 7.3 (p. 411)

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 143

1. A center of rotation is the fixed point about which a

and its image after a rotation is not fixed.

144 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 145

The circumcenter of an acute triangle is always inside the

Quiz 1 (p. 420) 14.

1. Figure ABCD → Figure RSTQ.

7. P8.2, 3 15. a. x, y → x  3, y  4 b. 3, 4

18. LK ; 4, 4

9. If 0, 2 maps onto 3, 5, then 8, 5 maps onto

146 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

PP  a r a2 b s b2 or r2 s2. The

53. The two vectors are AB 6, 4 and BC 4, 6.

55. To go straight from town A to town D, the vector would

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 147

 62 42 11 6 12

Exploring the Concept

148 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

1. A8, 2, B7, 5, C5, 4 AB  4 12 2 12

A10, 2, B11, 5, C13, 4 So, AB  AB.

3. Yes, the order in which transformations are completed

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 149

The order does affect the final image.

1 x 2 2 x 27. A, B, and C are preserved in a glide reflection.

150 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 151

A9, 9.5, B9, 3.5, C5, 8.5

152 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

A 23. The pattern on the collar can be classified as T.

A7.5, 2.5, B7.5, 3.5, C3.5, 1.5

7.6 Guided Practice (p. 440)

7.6 Practice and Applications (pp. 440–443)

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 153

Yes No Yes No Yes No

48. Sample answer:

154 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

7. Yes, the frieze pattern is TR.

Chapter 7 Review (pp. 446–448)

1. Yes; it is an isometry because the figure and its image

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 155

Think & Discuss (p. 393) 4. XZ 10 5. mX 35 6. mQ 55

So, AB JK. 32 32

1. Measurements will vary, but XA AX, ZB BZ, and

D 26. S0, 2 27. T3, 8

AC AC and BD BD. 1 x 2 x

52. y 53. Q 22 2, 12 1 67. ab < c < ab

1 1 2 1 mA mB 180 mD

R'(3, 2) Technology Activity 7.3 (p. 411)

7. P8.2, 3 15. a. x, y → x 3, y 4 b. 3, 4

18. LK ; 4, 4

9. If 0, 2 maps onto 3, 5, then 8, 5 maps onto

PP a r a2 b s b2 or r2 s2. The

62 42 11 6 12

1. A8, 2, B7, 5, C5, 4 AB 4 12 2 12

A10, 2, B11, 5, C13, 4 So, AB AB.

A9, 9.5, B9, 3.5, C5, 8.5

A7.5, 2.5, B7.5, 3.5, C3.5, 1.5

2x 19 101

y 7. A 90 counterclockwise rotation maps AB onto AB. A

13. a. x, y → x 2, y 7 b. 2, 7