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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Applications,

Vol 2, Issue 2, March- April 2014, ISSN 2320-6349

Reduction of Harmful Emission From Exhaust In I.C. Engine By


Application of Magnetic Field on Fuel Line
Nutan S. Khajure, Prof. Laxman Mane, Prof. Ajaj Attar, Dr.Virendra Bhojwani,
Dr. M.G.Jadhav
(Dept. of Mechanical Engg. JSCOE Pune)
nutankhajure5889@gmail.com, laxmanmanegfm@gmail.com,ajaj.tech77@gmail.com,
bhojwanivk@gmail.com,drmgjadhav@gmail.com
Abstract gases to reduce emissions is very important. This
consists mainly of the use of thermal or catalytic
Current paper presents experimental results of converters and particulate traps.
reduction in exhaust gas emissions in I.C. engine
using magnetic field. Permanent magnets with II. ENGINE EMISSIONS
different intensity installed on the fuel line show
eye catching results. The exhaust gas emissions Engine emissions are classified into two
such as CO and HC are measured by using categories.
exhaust gas analyzer. The magnets help to (i) Exhaust emissions
disperse the hydrocarbon cluster into smaller (ii) Non-Exhaust emissions
particles which will improve the efficiency of Exhaust Pollutants
combustion. This will maximize the combustion • Hydrocarbons
and thus reduce the unburned hydrocarbon in the Hydrocarbon emissions result when fuel
emission. A graph is plotted based on the readings molecules in the engine do not burn or burn only
to compare the effects of magnetic field strength partially. Hydrocarbons react in the presence of
towards the % CO and HC in exhaust. nitrogen oxides and sunlight to form ground-level
ozone, a major component of smog. Ozone
Keywords- Emissions, Magnetic field, I.C. irritates the eyes, damages the lungs, and
engine, Exhaust gas analyzer aggravates respiratory problems. [2] It is our most
widespread and intractable urban air pollution
I. INTRODUCTION problem. A number of exhaust hydrocarbons are
also toxic, with the potential to cause cancer.
Internal combustion engines generate undesirable • Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
emissions during the combustion process. In this, Under the high pressure and temperature
both SI and CI engines are equally responsible for conditions in an engine, nitrogen and oxygen
the same.[3] The emissions exhausted into the atoms in the air react to form various nitrogen
surrounding pollute the atmosphere and causes the oxides, collectively known as NOx. Nitrogen
following problems oxides, like hydrocarbons, are precursors to the
i) Global warming formation of ozone. [4] They also contribute to
ii) Acid rain the formation of acid rain.
iii) Smog • Carbon monoxide
iv) Odours Carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of incomplete
v) Respiratory and other health hazards combustion and occurs when carbon in the fuel is
The major causes of these emissions are non partially oxidized rather than fully oxidized to
stoichiometric combustion dissociation of carbon dioxide (CO). Carbon monoxide reduces
nitrogen, and impurities inthe fuel and air. The the flow of oxygen in the bloodstream and is
emissions of concern are in fuel and air. The particularly dangerous to persons with heart
emissions of concern are: hydrocarbon (HC), disease.
carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), • Carbon dioxide
oxides of sulphur and solid carbon particles. In recent years, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Ideally, engines and fuels could be developed Agency (EPA) has started to view carbon dioxide,
such that very few harmful emissions are a product of “perfect” combustion, as a pollution
generated, and these could be exhausted to the concern. Carbon dioxide does not directly impair
surroundings without a major impact on the human health, but it is a “greenhouse gas” that
environment. [1] With present technology this is traps the earth’s heat and contributes to the
not possible, and after treatment of the exhaust potential for global warming.

www.ijmca.org Page 59
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Applications,
Vol 2, Issue 2, March- April 2014, ISSN 2320-6349

3 4000 0.64 3720


III. EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON 4 6000 0.72 3510
EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS Table 1 Magnetic field strength and emission
results for passion pro
In the experiment the performance like exhaust
gas emission of petrol engine by using magnetic
field is shown. The experiment is conducted on
different bikes.

Bike 1 (Model-Hero Honda Passion Pro 100cc)


A) Engine Specifications

 Type- 1 Cylinder, 4- Stroke petrol


Engine
 Cooling- air cooled

B) Experimental procedure

1 Remove the fuel pipe connecting fuel


tank of a bike to the carburetor.
2 Drain the carburetor completely.
3 Take sufficient quantity of fuel in a
plastic bottle, which is having a small
saline pipe joined to its opening.
4 Insert the probe of Exhaust Gas Analyzer in the
exhaust manifold of bike to take the readings Graph 1 Magnetic field strength VS %CO in
of CO and Hydrocarbons in the emissions. exhaust
5 Then, wrap a pair of magnets on the wooden
fixture around the pipe.
6 Pass the fuel again and take the readings on
EGA.
7 Repeat the procedure for 2 and 3 pairs.
8 Note down all the readings and observe the
changes in readings with and without magnetic
effect.

Graph 2 Magnetic field strength VS HC in


exhaust

Above graph shows as the magnetic field


increases maximum reduction by exhaust
Fig. 1 Magnetic Fixture emission for %CO decreases by 23.40% and for
HC decreases in 13.75% for Passion pro.
C) Results Bike 2 (Model - Bajaj Discover 100T)

Sr. no Magnetic field A) Engine Specifications


strength %CO HC
1 0 0.94 4070  Type- 1 Cylinder, 4- Stroke petrol
2 2000 0.76 3660 Engine

www.ijmca.org Page 60
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Applications,
Vol 2, Issue 2, March- April 2014, ISSN 2320-6349

 Cooling- air cooled

Fig 3 Magnetized fuel to the engine (model


diagram)
Graph 4 Magnetic field strength VS HC in
B) Results exhaust

Sr. Magnetic field % CO HC Above graph shows as the magnetic field


no strength increases maximum reduction in exhaust emission
1 0 0.176 6680 for %CO decreases by 12.5% and for HC
2 2000 0.166 5320 decreases by 61.82% for Discover 100T
3 4000 0.162 4640
4 6000 0.154 2550 Bike 3 (Model - Platina)
Table 2 Magnetic field strength and emission
results for Discover 100T A) Engine Specifications

 Type- 1 Cylinder, 4- Stroke petrol


Engine
 Cooling- air cooled

B) Results

Sr. no Magnetic field


strength %CO HC
1 0 0.29 119
2 2000 0.27 107
3 4000 0.19 66
4 6000 0.16 78
Table 3 Magnetic field strength and emission
results for Platina

Graph 3 Magnetic field strength VS %CO in


exhaust

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Applications,
Vol 2, Issue 2, March- April 2014, ISSN 2320-6349

Sr. no Magnetic field


strength %CO HC
1 0 0.35 80
2 2000 0.28 78
3 4000 0.26 60
4 6000 0.18 50
Table 4 Magnetic field strength and emission
results for Hunk

Graph 5 Magnetic field strength VS %CO in


exhaust

Graph 7 Magnetic field strength VS %CO in


exhaust

Graph 6 Magnetic field strength VS HC in


exhaust

Above graph shows as the magnetic field


increases maximum reduction in exhaust emission
for %CO decreases by 44.82% and for HC
decreases by 34.45% for Platina.

Bike 4 (Model-Honda Hunk) Graph 8 Magnetic field strength VS HC in


A) Engine Specifications exhaust

 Type- 1 Cylinder, 4- Stroke petrol Above graph shows as the magnetic field
Engine increases maximum reduction in exhaust emission
 Cooling- air cooled for %CO decreases by 48.57% and for HC
B) Results decreases by 37.5% for Hunk.

IV CONCLUSIONS
The paper has experimentally measured effect of
magnetic field on exhaust gas emission of I.C.

www.ijmca.org Page 62
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Applications,
Vol 2, Issue 2, March- April 2014, ISSN 2320-6349

engine. Magnetization of fuel breaks down the


bonds between hydrocarbon chains which results
in improved promotion of oxidation. Increased
oxidation of the hydrocarbon fuel causes complete
combustion and decreases the amount of harmful
exhaust gases like CO and HC. It is the result of
better atomization. For Passion pro, Discover
100T, Platina and Hunk CO decreases by 23.40%,
12.5%, 42.82% and 48.57% respectively where
for HC it decreases by 13.75%, 61.82%, 34.45%
and 37.5%.
Acknowledgement: the authors would also like to
thank to the students S. R. Koli, O. A. Mandare, A.
A. Kshirsagar, K. M. Nannaware for their sincere
contribution in the experimentation.

REFERENCES
[1] Vivek Ugare, Ashwin Phobale, Sandeep
Lutade “ Performance of internal combustion (CI)
engine under the influence of strong permanent
magnetic field” Assistant professor Sit Lonawala,
India, Assistant professor VNIT Nagpur, Lecturer
DBACER Nagpur.
[2]Willard W. Pulkrebek “Engineering
Fundamentals of the internal combustion engine”
University of Wisconsin Platteville.
[3] Dr A.R.A.Habbo, Raad A. Khalil, Hassan S.
Hammoodi “ Effect of magnetizing the fuel on the
performance of an S.I. engine” University of
Mosul, College of Engineering, Mechanical
department, Mosul.
[4] P. Govindasamy and S.Dhandapani “
Reduction of NOX Emission in Bio Diesel engine
with Exhaust gas Recirculation and Magnetic
Fuel Conditioning” Kongu Engineering College,
Erode 638 052, Coimbatore Institute of
Technology, Coimbatore 641 014.

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