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Photosynthesis
Photosystem I
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Uses PS II and PS I
Electron
Acceptor
2e- Enzyme
Reaction
P680 rxn center (PSII) - chlorophyll a Primary
Electron 2e-
Acceptor ETC 2e-
P700 rxn center (PS I) - chlorophyll a
Uses Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 2e- NADPH
Generates O2, ATP and NADPH 2e- P700
Photon ATP
P680 Photon
H2O
Photosystem I
1/2O2 + 2H+ Photosystem II
PS II
Noncyclic Electron Flow Absorption of light by PS II => provide energy, allow
photooxidation of H2O (final e source)
ADP + P ATP ChlII + hv (680nm) ChlII*
(Reduced)
Where,
NADP+ + H NADPH ChlII == P680 Chl
(Reduced) ChlII*
strong reducing agent, pass e to ChlI+ through an
Oxygen comes from the splitting of H2O, not CO2
e transport chain coupled to the phosphorylation
of ADP ChlII+
H2O ½ O2 + 2H+ Energy for rxns to allow e flow from PS II to
PS I – supplied by absorption of light by ChlII
(Oxidized) ChlII+ - lack 1e, become strong oxidizing agent
to oxidize H2O to O2
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PS I
Absorption of light by Chl => supply energy, allow
photoreduction of NADP+
4 e required for H2O oxidation ChlI + hv (700nm) ChlI*
ChlII+ (P680+) can accept only 1e a time Where,
Net rxn for 2 PS == flow of e from H2O to NADP+ hv = light absorbed
ChlI & ChlI* == P700 Chl in ground (unexcited) and excited states,
2 H2O + 2 NADP+ O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ respectively
ChlI*
strong reducing agent, easily give e to another
substance
give 1e to NADP+, produce NADPH
NADP+ + e NADPH
lack 1e become ChlI+
the needed e supplied by PS II
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O O
CH 2 O P O CO2
CH 2 O P O
Calvin Cycle C O O COO
-
C OH O
H C O C O
First step H C OH O H C O O
- -
CH2 O P O
1. Condensation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate with CH2 O P
-
O
O
-
CO2 O
O
ATP O 2-
C O- PO3
H C OH O C O
CH2 O P O- H C OH O
-
Second step O- ADP CH2 O P O
O-
1. Reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to form 3-phosphoglycerate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Glucose
Production of
glucose from
Glucose 6-phosphate
glyceraldehyde
Third step (2 alternative ways) 3-phosphate
A. Production of 6-C sugars Fructose 6-phosphate
2 ATP
energy for dark rxn
2 3-phosphoglycerate
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6 CO2
CO2 Fixation
6 C-C-C-C-C-C
B. Regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate RuBP
The enzyme that catalyzes
Carboxylase
Process involve 4 steps: (rubisco) this reaction is ribulose
1. Preparation biphosphate carboxylase
6 C-C-C-C-C (rubisco)
2. Reshuffling
3. Isomerization CO2 fixation refers to bonding CO2 to an
4. Phosphorylation organic molecule to make a larger molecule.
Each CO2 is bonded to ribulose biphosphate
(RuBP).
C5 + CO2 C6
PGAL
12 C-C-C
Each of these 6-carbon
compounds splits to form two 3- The two molecules of PGA
carbon compounds called are reduced to form PGAL
phosphoglycerate (phosphoglyceraldehyde)
12 NADPH 12 NADPH
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6 C-C-C-C-C-C 6 C-C-C-C-C-C
RuBP RuBP
Carboxylase Carboxylase
(rubisco) (rubisco)
Overview of Photosynthesis