2.1 Electric Fields and Charge Flow D.

SPM 2007 P1 No 38
1. An electric appliance has been switch on for 2
hours.
Calculate the quantity of electric charge
passing through the circuit in this time if the SPM 2010 P1 No 33
current is 2 A 3. Diagram below shows a polystyrene ball
A. 4C coated with conducting material in a strong
electric field.
B. 120 C

C. 240 C

D. 14 400 C

SPM 2008 P1 No 35
2. Which diagram shows the correct electric
field?
The polystyrene ball is moved towards the
A.
positive metal plate P and is then let go. What
happens to the ball next?
A. Remain at P

B. Moves towards O and remains at O

C. Moves towards Q and remain at Q

B.
D. Moves continuously between P and Q

E.

C.
SPM 2011 P1 No 35
4. The charge flowing in an electric circuit in one
minute is 3.0 C.
What is the current in this circuit?
 A. 0.05 A 6. Diagram below is a graph which shows the
relationship between the potential difference
B. 3.0 A
and the current of four different conductors, P,
C. 20.0 A Q, R and S.

D. 180.0 A

SPM 2011 P1 No 37
5. Diagram below shows the shape of a candle
flame when the candle is placed between two
plates, X and Y, which are connected to an
Which conductor has the highest resistance?
RHT power supply.
A. P

B. Q

C. R

D. S

SPM 2006 P1 No 39
7. Diagram below shows three similar bulbs
What are the charges on plate X and plate Y?
connected in series to a battery and an
X Y
ammeter.

A. Positive Negative

B. Positive Positive

C. Negative Negative

D. Negative Positive

What will happen to the ammeter reading and

the brightness of the bulbs when another
similar bulb is added to the circuit?
2.2 The relationship between Electric Current
Ammeter reading Brightness of the
and Potential Difference
bulb

SPM 2006 P1 No 36
 A. Increase Increase greatest reading on the ammeter?
Length of wire Diameter of wire
B. Increase Decrease
A. Longer Bigger
C. Decrease Increase
B. Longer Smaller
D. Decrease Decrease
C. Shorter Bigger

SPM 2007 P1 No 35 D. Shorter Smaller

8. Which of the following factors does not
influence the resistance of a wire?
A. Length of the wire
SPM 2009 P1 No 38
B. Material of the wire 11. Diagram below shows an electrical circuit.

C. Cross-sectional of the wire

D. Hardness of the wire

SPM 2009 P1 No 35
9. Which of the following is an ohmic conductor?
The voltmeter reading is 8 V.

A. Thermistor What is the value of the current flowing

through the resistor R?
B. Bulb filament A. 2.0 A

C. Constantan wire B. 3.0 A

D. Vacuum diode C. 4.0 A

D. 5.0 A

SPM 2009 P1 No 37
10. Diagram below shows an electrical circuit.
SPM 2010 P1 No 38
12. Diagram below shows voltage-current graph.

Which changes to the wire will produce the

 14. Which graph shows the correct relationship
between resistance, R and length, l for a
conductor?
A.

Which circuit is used to obtained this graph?

B.

B
C.

SPM 2011 P1 No 39
13. Diagram below shows a fan speed regulator.
D.

Which physical quantity varies when the

knob is turned?
A. Power
2.3 Series and Parallel Circuit
B. Voltage
SPM 2006 P1 No 38
C. Resistance 15. Which circuit produces the brightest light?

D. Electric current A.

SPM 2013 P1 No 36
 B.
SPM 2007 P1 No 36
17. Diagram below shows a parallel circuit. R1 is
not equal to R2.

C.

D.
Which physical quantity must be the same for
both R1 and R2?
A. Power

B. Current

C. Voltage

D. Energy
SPM 2007 P1 No 38
16. Diagram below shows an electric circuit that
SPM 2008 P1 No 36
contains three similar resistors.
18. Diagram below shows an electric circuit.

What is the reading on the ammeter?

Which of the following readings is correct?
A. 14.3 A
A. A1 = A2
B. 2.5 A
B. A1 > A2
C. 1.6 A
C. V1 = V2
D. 0.6 A
D. V1 > V2
 A. I1 = I2
SPM 2008 P1 No 37
B. I1 < I2
19. Diagram (A) shows a series circuit and
Diagram (B) shows a parallel circuit. C. I1 > I2

SPM 2010 P1 No 40
21. Diagram below shows an electric circuit.
Which statement is correct about the
circuits?
A. The bulbs in the series are brighter than
the bulbs in the parallel circuit.
B. The effective resistance of the series
circuit is larger than the effective
resistance of the parallel circuit. The reading of the ammeter is
C. The voltage in the series circuit is higher A. 0.3 A
than the total voltage in the parallel
B. 0.75 A
circuit.
D. The total current flow in the series circuit C. 1.20 A
is greater than the total current flow in
the parallel circuit. D. 4.80 A

SPM 2010 P1 No 39 SPM 2012 P1 No 37

20. Diagram below shows a circuit with two 22. Diagram below shows three resistors, P, Q
different resistors, R1 and R2. The current and R connected in a circuit.
flows through R1 is I1 and through R2 is I2.

Which comparison is correct? Which is the correct type of circuit

arrangement for the resistor
 P and Q Q and R A. 0.2 

A. Series Series B. 1.0 

B. Series Parallel C. 6.5 

C. Parallel Series D. 7.5 

D. Parallel Parallel

SPM 2011 P1 No 36
2.4 Electromotive Force and Internal
25. Diagram below shows a circuit containing a
Resistance dry cell and resistance R. The dry cell has
SPM 2007 P1 No 37 internal resistance, r and electromotive force
23. Diagram below shows an electric circuit. (e.m.f) 1.5 V

Calculate the internal resistance of the

battery in this circuit.
A. 0.06 
What is the voltmeter reading when the
B. 0.07 
switch is ON?
C. 0.25  A. 1.5 V

D. 3.75  B. Less than 1,5 V

C. More than 1.5 V

SPM 2010 P1 No 41
24. A cell has an e.m.f of 1.5 V. When it is
SPM 2012 P1 No 38
connected to an external resistor, the
26. What is electromotive force
potential difference is 1.3 V and the current is
0.2 A A. The work done by a charge in a circuit
What is the value of the internal resistance?
 B. The work done by one coulomb of SPM 2006 P1 No 40
charge in a circuit 28. Diagram below shows an electric circuit. The
C. The work done by a source of energy in reading of the ammeter is 0.2 A and the
driving a charge around a complete reading of the voltmeter is 2.8 V
circuit.
D. The work done by a source of energy in
driving one coulomb of charge in a
complete circuit

SPM 2013 P1 No 35
27. Which circuit is used to determine the
Calculate the electrical energy released by
electromotive force, e.m.f of a dry cell?
the bulb in 2 minutes.
A.
A. 0.56 J

B. 1.12 J

C. 28.00 J

D. 67.20 J
B.
E. 1 680.00 J

SPM 2008 P1 No 38
C. 29. Which graph shows the relationship between
the power, P and the square of the current,
I2, of a wire with constant resistance
A.

D.

2.5 Electrical Energy and Power

 B.

What is the power dissipated in the resistor

C. when the switch is ON?
A. 0.8 W

B. 1.2 W

C. 7.2 W

D. 30.0 W

D.

SPM 2012 P1 No 36
32. An electric motor device has the input energy
of 200 J and output energy of 180 J.
Which statement id correct?
Efficiency of Energy change
device (%)
A. 90 Electric to kinetic
SPM 2009 P1 No 36
30. What is the meaning of 60 W? B. 111 Chemical to electric

A. The rate of change of power is 60 W C. 180 Potential to kinetic

B. The rate of change of energy is 60 W D. 200 Kinetic to electric

C. The rate of change of voltage is 60 W

D. The rate of change of current is 60 W

SPM 2012 P1 No 39
33. The amount of electrical energy converted
SPM 2011 P1 No 38 into heat energy is 2.0 J when a current of
31. Diagram below shows an electric circuit 0.4 A flows through a wire for 10 seconds.
 What is the potential difference across the D.
wire?
E.
A. 0.5 V

B. 0.8 V

C. 4.0 V
SPM 2007 P1 No 38
D. 8.0 V 36.

A.

B.
SPM 2013 P1 No 37
34. Diagram below shows an electric circuit C.

D.

E.

What is the heat energy produced in the

Paper 2
circuit in 5 seconds?
A. 5.63 J 2.3 Series and Parallel Circuits
SPM 2008 P2 No 3
B. 3.75 J
Diagram A and Diagram B shows two photographs
C. 1.88 J of electrical circuit.

D. 11.25 J

SPM 2007 P1 No 38
35. Diagram A Diagram B
a) Which diagram shows a parallel circuit? [1]
A.
Diagram B
B. b) Draw an electrical circuit for the photograph on
Diagram A [2]
C.
XXXXXXXX
c) Diagram C shows an electrical circuit
 i. Calculate the effective resistance of the Diagram A
circuit. [2]
1 1 1
= +
𝑅𝑝 10 10
𝑅𝑝 = 5
ii. What is the reading of the ammeter? [1]
𝑉 12
𝐼= = =2𝐴
𝑅 6
iii. One of the 10  resistor s removed from the
circuit. Diagram B
What happens to the ammeter reading? [1] a) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to
Decreases complete the sentence below.
The bulbs in Diagram A and Diagram B are
connected in ( series, parallel) [1]
b) Based on Diagram A and Diagram B

i. Compare the number of bulbs . [1]

SPM 2011 P2 No 6
Diagram A and Diagram B shows two electrical
circuits. The ammeters, dry cells and bulbs are
identical in both diagrams. Assume the internal
resistance of the dry cell is zero
c) Give one reason that causes the difference in
Number of bulbs in Diagram A is more than
the number of bulbs in Diagram B
ii. Compare the readings of the ammeters. [1]
The reading of ammeter in Diagram A is
higher than that of in diagram B
iii. State the relationship between the number
of bulbs and the readings of the ammeter.
[1]
The reading of ammeter increases when the
number of bulb increases
the ammeter readings of Diagram A and
Diagram B. [1]
 More bulbs are connected in parallel in Diagram The bulbs in Diagram above are connected
A gives lower effective resistance. This causes in (series , parallel) [1]
larger current flow in the circuit. ii. What will happen to the other bulbs if one
d) Make a deduction relating the answer in (c) and bulb blows? [1]
the number of bulbs. [1] Still light up
The bigger the number of bulbs connected in b) All the bulbs in Diagram above are labelled
parallel, the higher the current that flows in the “240 V, 60 W”
circuit. i. What is meant by “240 V, 60 W”. [1]
e) Diagram C shows an electrical circuit. The The bulb that uses voltage 240 V will give
bulbs P, Q, R and S are identical. out 60 W of power
ii. Calculate the total current in the circuit
when only one bulb is lit. [1]
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
60 = 𝐼 ( 240)
𝐼 = 0.25 𝐴
iii. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit
when all bulbs are lit. [3]
𝑉2 (240)2
𝑃= = = 960
𝑅 60
i. Which two bulbs light up brighter? [1] Therefore, total resistance
P and Q 1 1 1 1
= + +
ii. Give one reason for the answer in (c)(i) [1] 𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
The voltage across P and Q is less than the 1 1 1
= + +
960 960 960
voltage across R and S
𝑅𝑇 = 320 

iv. How can the bulbs be connected to

2.5 Electric Energy and Power increase the total resistance of the circuit?
SPM 2007 P2 No 6 [1]
Diagram below shows a lighting circuit of a house. Arrange the bulbs in series
c) v.

d) vi.

e) vii.

f) viii.
a) i. Underline the correct answer in the bracket
to complete the sentence below.
 Section B
2.2 The Relationship between Electric Current
and Potential Difference
SPM 2013 P2 No 10

Diagram A1 and A2 shows two identical Van de

Graaff generators being charged for 1 minute and 5
minutes respectively. Diagram B 1

Diagram B1 and B2 shows the deflection of the

microammeter pointer when the metal dome is
connected to the microammeter and a metal tap.

Diagram B 2
a) What is the physical quantity that can be
measured by a microammeter? [1]
Diagram A 1 Electric current
b) i. Using Diagram A and B, compare the time
taken to charge the Van de Graaff
generator, quantity of charge produced on
the dome and the angle of deflection of the
microammeter pointer. [3]
When the time taken to charge the Van de
Graaff generator is increased
Diagram A 2  The quantity of charges produced is
larger
 The angle of deflection of the
microammeter is larger

ii. State the relationship between

The time taken to charge the Van de Graaff

 generator and the quantity of charge
produced on the dome.
The quantity of charge produced on the
dome and the current produced.
The longer the time taken to charge the van
de graaff generator, the more the charges
produced on the dome.
c) Diagram C shows a filament lamp.
Diagram C
Explain why the filament in coiled shape
produce more light.
The filament in coiled shape is longer . the
longer filament has higher resistance. When the
current flows through it, more heat energy is
produced and the lamp produces more light.
d) Diagram D shows the design of a wire wrapped
variable resistor made by a student to control
the amount of current flowing through a circuit.
The resistance of the variable resistor can be
varied to a maximum of 10 .
Diagram D
You are required to modify the design in
[1] Diagram D so that the maximum resistance is
greater than 10.
[1] State and explain the modification based on
following aspects:
i. Cross-sectional area of wire used [2]
The cross-sectional area of wire used must
be small. He smaller the cross-sectional
area, the higher the resistance
ii. Length of wire used [2]
The length of wire used must be increased.
The resistance of a wire directly proportional
to its length
iii. Number of turns of the wire [2]
Number of turns of wire must be increased.
This increases the length of wire and its
resistance
iv. Conductivity of the slider [2]
[4] Conductivity of the slider must be good so
that the current can flow through efficiently
v. Type of wire used. [2]
The resistance of a wire depends on the
materials it is made from. Aluminium has a
higher resistance than copper.
Section C
2.4 Electromotive Force and Internal
Resistance
SPM 2010 P2 No 12
Diagram A shows a candle flame placed between
two plates P and Q
 Diagram A
The metal plates are connected to an Extra High
Tension E.H.T supply which produces strong
electric field between P and Q when the switch is
ON.
a) i. What is the meaning of electric field [1]
Electrical field is a region which electric
Diagram B
force acts on a particle with an electric
You are required to determine the most suitable
charge.
circuit that can be used to light up the bulbs
ii. What happens to the candle flame when the
with normal brightness. You may need to do
switch if ON? [4]
some calculations.
The candle flame splits into two parts. This
Study the specifications of all four circuits
is because when the switch is on, the flame
based on the following aspects.
ionises the air molecules into positive and
i. The type of connection of the cells [2]
negative ions. Hence, positive ions are
The cells are connected in series to supply
attracted to the negative plate and negative
higher voltage ( 4.5 rather than 1.5)
ions are attracted to the positive plate.
ii. The connection of the terminals of the cells.
The candle flame which contains positive
[2]
ions is larger. This is because the mass of
The positive terminal of the cell is connected
positive ions are larger than the negative
to the negative terminal of the cell to let the
ions
current flow in the circuit.
iii. The connection between the resistor and the
b) Diagram B shows four circuits W, X, Y and Z
bulbs. [2]
containing three dry cells of electromotive force,
The resistor is connected in series to the
e.m.f 1.5 V each, two bulbs labelled 2 V, 0.5 W
bulbs in order to increase the resistance.
and resistor R.
iv. The type of connection of the bulbs. [2]
The bulbs are connected in parallel so that
the remaining bulbs will still light up when
 any one of the bulbs is blown.
Explain the suitability of each aspect and then
determine the most suitable circuit. Give a
reason for your choice.
The most suitable choice is circuit X because
the cells are connected in series, the positive
terminal of the cell is connected in parallel.
c) Diagram C shows an electric circuit.
A potential difference of 240 V from the main power
supply is applied to a filament lamp. The lamp lights
up with normal brightness.
a) What is the meaning of potential difference? [1]
[2]
Potential difference is work done in moving a
unit charge from one point to another point in
an electric field
b) Diagram A shows a graph of potential
difference, V, against current, I, for a filament
lamp.

Diagram C
Diagram A
The e.m.f of the cell is 2.0 V and uts internal
i. Based on the graph, state a relationship
resiatance is 1.0 .
between V and I.
Calculate the reading of the ammeter when What can you conclude about the
resistance of the lamp?
i. Only switch S1 is ON. [2] Give one reason for your answer. [3]
E = I (R + r) Potential difference increases when current
2=I(5+1) increases.
I = 0.33 A 𝑉
Form the Ohm’s law, V = IR, therefore 𝑅 = 𝐼
ii. Both switches S1 and S2 are ON. [3]
where R is the gradient of the graph.
1 1 1
= + The gradient of the graph increases, hence
𝑅𝑇 5 12
60 the resistance increases.
𝑅=
17 ii. What happens to the energy dissipated in
E = I (R + r) the filament lamp when the current flowing
60
2=I ( + 1) is decreased? [1]
17

I = 0.44 A As energy dissipated per second P = VI,

thus when current decreases, the energy
dissipated decreases.
2.5 Electrical Energy and Power
c) You are asked to investigate the design and
SPM 2009 P2 No 12
characteristics of five filament lamps shows in
Diagram B. the tungsten filament from evaporating at
high temperature.
 Lamp R produces the brightest light. This is
because the filament is made of tungsten
wire that is this and coiled and the glass of
the bulb is filled with nitrogen gas.

d) Diagram C shows an energy saving bulb. When

it is connected to a 240 V power supply, the
bulb produces 10 joules per second of light
energy.

Calculate
i. The current flows through the bulb.
P = VI
11 = 240 I
Diagram B I = 0.046 A
Explain the suitability of each characteristics of ii. The heat energy lost in 1 second from the
the lamps and determine the lamp which can bulb
produce the brightest light. Heat energy lost per second = 11 – 10 = 1 J
Give reasons for your choice. [10] iii. The efficiency of the bulb. [5]
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = × 100%
 Filament should be made from tungsten. 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
The resistance per unit length of tungsten is 10
= × 100%
higher than the copper wire 11
= 90.9 %
 The wire should be thin. Thinner wire has
greater resistance
 Coiled tungsten wire increases the
efficiency of the bulb as it can produce SPM 2009 P2 No 12
much brighter light
 Nitrogen gas at low pressure. This prevents A bulb has a power rating 6 V, 18 W
a) What is the meaning of power? [1]
Power is the rate of transfer of energy
b) Two identical bulbs, P and Q are connected in a
circuit as shown in Diagram A
d) Diagram C shows four hairdryers R, S, T and U
with different specifications.
You are required to determine the most suitable
hairdryers from the following aspects:
 The type of heating element
 The thickness of wire of the heating element
 The power of the fan
 The suitable fuse

Explain the suitability of the aspects and

determine the most suitable hairdryers.

Diagram A Give reasons for your choice. [10]

If another identical bulb is connected to XY

parallel to bulb P, explain what happens to the
reading of the ammeter and the voltmente. [4]
The total resistance in the circuit decreases.
Therefore the ammeter reading increases. The
effective resistance between XY decerases.
Hence the voltmeter reading decreases.
c) Three identical bulbs labelled 6 V, 18 W are
connected as shown in Diagram B.

Calculate
i. The resistance of one bulb
𝑉2 (6)2
𝑅= = = 2
𝑃 18
ii. The total resistance in the circuit
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑇 2 2 2
𝑅 = 0.67 

iii. The total energy dissipated by the bulb in 2

minutes. [5]
Total energy dissipated = 54 ×120 = 6480 J
 Aspects Explanation
Nichrome wire It has high resistance and
produce more heat
Smaller diameter of the It has high resistance and
wire more heat produced
High power of the fan It can blow more hot air
The suitable fuse is 5 A 𝑃
Current flows in fan, I =
𝑉
1100
= = 4.58 𝐴
240

Hairdryer T is most suitable because it uses

nichrome wire, thinner wire, high power fan and
fuse 5 A

State Papers

Trial SPM Melaka 2014 P2 No 2

Diagram below shows an electric iron labelled
240V 1000W.

a) What is the meaning of labelled 240V

1000W? [1] a) i. What is meant by electrical field? [1]
When the voltage supplied is 240 V, the A region where electric charges will
power released by the iron is 1000 W experience a force.
b) If the electrical iron is connected to 240V of ii. Give a reason why oil is used. [1]
power supply, calculate; Oil is an insulator

i. The electric current flows through the iii. On Diagram above, draw the electrical

heating element. [2] field pattern produced when the EHT

1000 power supply is switched on. [1]
𝐼= = 4.166 𝐴
240 b) Diagram A and B below shows two circuits
ii. The resistance of the heating element. connected with bulbs P and Q.
[2]
240
𝑅= = 57.6 
4.166
c) Give one characteristic should be
possessed by the heating element to
produce higher heat energy. [1]
High resistivity material // use this wire //
use higher resistance

Trial SBP 2014

Diagram below shows the top view of electrical
fields apparatus consists of two electrodes
mounted in a petri dish fields with oil. In Diagram A, bulb Q is brighter than bulb P
but in Diagram B, bulb P is brighter than bulb
Q.
Explain why. [2]
 In diagram (A), bulb Q is brighter because it
has less resistance and more current flow.
In diagram (B), bulb P is brighter because
with the same current and higher resistance, it
has more potential difference.
Based on the table above, state the suitable
characteristics of an electric circuit to be used
c)
in the “brooder” to enable enough heat to be
supplied to the chicks continuously. Give
reason for the suitability of the characteristics.
i. Arrangement of dry cell.
Series arrangement
Reason [2]
To increase voltage
Table below shows four types of circuit, V, W,
ii. Thickness of the wire
X and Y to be used in the “brooder”.
Decreases the thickness of wire
All bulbs are identical. The specification of
Reason [2]
each bulb is 6 V, 12 W. Assume each battery Increase resistance
does not have internal resistance. iii. Arrangement of bulbs
Bulb is parallel
Reason [2]
If one bulb is blown, the other can still function
d) Based on answer in (c), determine the most
suitable circuit that can be used in the “brooder”
[1]
Circuit W

Trial SBP 2015

Diagram A and Diagram B shows two identical
uncharged polystyrene balls coated with metallic paint
are suspended between metal plates P and Q. the
metal plates are connected to an Extra High Tension,
E.H.T supply which produces an electrical field
between the plates when the switch is ON
 Equal

iii. The strength of electric field between metal

plate P and metal plate Q. [1]
Strength of electrical field in Diagram B >
Diagram A
d) Relate the strength of electric field with

i. The potential difference across plate P and

plate Q. [1]
When potential difference between metal
plates increases, the strength of electric field
increases.
ii. The speed of oscillation of the polystyrene
ball. [1]
When strength of electrical field increases,
speed of oscillation increases.
When the switch is ON, the electrical field is
produced.
a) What is the meaning of electrical field. [1]
A region where a charged body experiences
electrical force.
b) Based on Diagram A, complete the sentence

below to explain what happens to the polystyrene

ball when it is brought to touch plate P.
SPM Perak 2015
When the polystyrene ball is brought to touch
plate P, the polystyrene ball receives negative
Figure below is a solar car that has been
charges. It is repelled and moves to plate Q.
completely built by a student based on the circuit
When it touches plate Q, it is positive charged and
given.
attracted to plate P. It happens continuously,
causing the ball to oscillate between the plates.
[2]
c) Using Diagram A and B, compare

i. The potential difference across plate P and Q

[1]
Potential difference in Diagram B > Diagram A
ii. The distance between metal plate P and metal
plate Q. [1]

a)
i. Underline the correct answer in the
bracket to complete the sentence below.
The solar panel in Diagram B are
connected in ( series , parallel)
Series circuit
ii. What happens to these solar car when a
solar cell is damaged?
The car won’t be functioning
b) i. You are supplied with 6 pieces of solar
cell each of which has a 5V and 50 mA.
Sketch the circuit diagram that can be
built to move a solar car which has 10 V
and 150 mA
c) ii. With the structure diagram sketched,
shown the calculation steps.
Total voltage = 5 + 5 = 10 V
Total current = 50 mA + 50 mA + 50 mA =
150 mA
Trial Kedah 2016
Diagram A and B shows a circuit where a wire PQ
and RS is respectively connected parallel to a
voltmeter.
Wire PQ and wire RS are made of the same
material and have the same length. The cross
sectional area of wire PQ is 3.2 × 10−3 𝑐𝑚2 and
cross-sectional area of wire RS is 4.0 × 10−3 𝑐𝑚2
[1] a) Name the physical quantity that is measured
by the ammeter. [1]
Current
[1] b) Using Diagram A and Diagram B
i. Compare the ammeter reading the cross-
sectional area and the resistance of wires.
[3]
The ammeter reading in Diagram A is lower
The cross-sectional area of wire PQ is
smaller
[3] The resistance of wire PQ is higher
ii. State the relationship between the ammeter
reading with the cross-sectional area of the
wire, and the cross sectional area with the
resistance of the wire. [2]
The smaller the cross-sectional area, the
lower the reading of the ammeter
The smaller the cross-sectional area, the
[3]
higher the resistance
c) Diagram C shows a ping pong ball coated with
metallic paint and suspended on nylon thread
between the metal plates X and Y. Plate X is
connected to the dome of a Van De Graaff
generator and plate Y is connected to Earth
through a microammeter
 / easier to carry
The capacity is higher Able to recharge
repeatedly / supply more
power / can be used for a
longer time
Shorter charging time Able to save time
Rate of power loss is Able to save energy
lower
Explain why the ping pong ball swings when Higher number / more Able to recharge more
the Van de Graaff generator is switched on. USB ports devices at once
[4]
When the Van de Graaff generator is switched
on, plate X is positively charged. Electrical
force is produced. The ping pong ball is
attracted to plate X. the surface of the ping
pong ball is positively charged. Like charges
repel and the ping pong ball swings to plate Y.
d) Diagram D shows a USB power bank which is
normally used to recharged a handphone
when its battery runs low.

MRSM 2017
You are required to modify the power bank in
Diagram D so that the recharging of the Diagram A shows a dry cell with an electromotive
handphone is more efficient and convenient to force (e.m.f) of 1.5 V
bring along.
State and explain the modifications based on
the following aspects:
i. The density of the power bank
ii. The capacity of electric charge of the power
bank in unit milliAmpere-hour (mAh)
iii. The charging time a) Electromotive force (e.m.f) is the potential

iv. The rate of power loss difference across the terminals of the cell when

v. The number of USB port. [10] …………………. [1]

b) What happens to the effective internal
The density is lower The power bank is lighter
 resistance of the dry cell when the cells are f) Diagram B shows an electrical circuit. Assume
connected in parallel? [1] that the internal resistance of the battery is
c) Diagram B shows an electric circuit using two negligible.
dry cells.

i. State the physical quantity that is shown by

Calculate
the voltmeter reading when the switch is
iv. The effective resistance of the circuit. [1]
closed. [1] 1 1 1 1
= + =
ii. Calculate the effective internal resistance of 𝑅 6 6 3
the dry cells in this circuit. [3] Thus R = 3
Effective resistance = 1 + 3 = 4
Trial Terengganu 2017 v. The reading of the ammeter? [1]
Diagram A below shows an electrical circuits
𝑉 12
𝐼= = =3𝐴
𝑅 4

vi. Another resistor of 2  is fixed between

points P and Q. What happens to the
ammeter reading? [1]
Decreasing
g) vii.
e) i. Tick (√) the correct answer in the box
provided
The bulbs in Diagram A are connected in

Series

Parallel
[1]
ii. When the switches is on, what happens to
the other bulb when one bulb blows. [1]
Still light turned ON
 Y

c) Based on Diagram 3.2, determine

Trial SBP 2017
Diagram 3.1 shows an electric circuit of an i. The internal resistance of dry cells [2]
9−3
experiment to determine the electromotive r = - gradient // - 2−8
force and internal resistance of dry cells.
r = 1.0 Ω
Diagram 3.2 shows a potential difference
ii. The electromotive force of dry cells. Show
against current graph obtained from the
on the graph how you determine the
experiment.
electromotive force of dry cells. [2]
Draw an extrapolation line on the graph

11 V

Trial Pahang 2017

Diagram A below shows an electrical circuit
consists of three identical bulbs. Two bulbs and an
ammeter are placed across PQ. A bulb and an
ammeter are placed across RS. Assume the
internal resistance of the dry cells is zero.

a) What is the meaning of electromotive force? [1]

Voltage when I=0 // Energy supplied to move
1C of charge through open circuit
b) Where is the suitable position of a voltmeter?
Tick ( ) the correct answer in the box
provided. [1]
X
 c) A piece of copper wire is connected across bulb
B in diagram A.
Explain what happens to the ammeter readings
and brightness of the bulbs. [4]
 Bulb B doesn’t light up because of short
circuit.
 The total resistance across PQ decreases,
hence the current increases
 Brightness of bulb A and B is the same
 Ammeter reading of X and Y is the same.

d) Diagram B shows a torch light with a dim bulb.

a) What is meant by internal resistance in a dry
cell? [1]
Resistance due to electrolyte that resist the flow
of electrons in the dry cell
b) Using diagram A above

i. Compare number of bulbs across PQ and

RS, magnitude of current flow across PQ
You are required to modify the torch light in
and RS and the total resistance across PQ
Diagram B to make the torch light up brighter.
and RS. [3]
 Number of bulbs across PQ is more than
State and explain the modification based on the
that of RS.
following aspects:
 The magnitude of current flow across PQ
i. Number of dry cells
is less than that of RS
ii. Internal resistance of the cells
 The total resistance across PQ is more
iii. Power of bulb
than that of RS
iv. Surface of reflector
ii. State the relationship between number of v. Position of the bulb [10]
bulbs and magnitude of current flow to
make a deduction regarding the relationship
between resistance and magnitude of
Modification Explanation
current [2]
More number of dry Greater voltage
 The more the number of bulbs the less
cells
the magnitude of current.
Low internal resistance Less voltage drop
 The greater the resistance, the lower the High power of bulb Produce more light
magnitude of current. Shiny reflector Can reflect most of the
 light g) iii.
Bulb at focal point of Produce bright light in
the reflector parallel
h) iv.

e) i.

f) ii.