EEL6426.

001F17 RF & MICROWAVE CIRCUITS I

HW 1- Homework #1

Part I: Problems
1) (6 points) The radio link shown in the figure below operates with a transmitter power of 3 W. The transmitting
antenna has a gain of 15 dB and the receiving antenna a gain of 20 dB. The distance between the antennas is 15
km and the frequency of operation is 2.5 GHz. The receiving antenna sees an average background brightness
temperature of Tb = 150 K. At the output of the receiving antenna, there is a low noise amplifier with a gain of
23 dB and a noise figure of 1dB. Following it, there is a bandpass filter with an insertion loss of 2 dB. The
bandwidth of the filter is 15 MHz and is the same as the bandwidth of the system.

Find:
a) The effective isotropic radiated power of the transmitter.
The radiated power of the transmitting antennas is given by:
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜 = 𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑡 𝐷𝑡 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐷𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 (𝐷𝑡 = 1)
𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜 = (𝑒𝑡 𝐷𝑡 )𝑃𝑡 = (𝐺𝑡 )𝑃𝑡
The gain of the antenna is 15dB, this is:
15
𝐺𝑡 = 10(10) = 31.6227, then

𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜 = (31.6227)(3)[𝑊] = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟖𝟔𝟖𝟏[𝑾] = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟕𝟕𝟏𝟐[𝒅𝑩𝒎]

b) The power available at the output of the receiving antenna, Pr.

𝜆 2
𝑃𝑟 = ( ) 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟 |𝑝̂𝑤 . 𝑝̂𝑟 |2 𝑃𝑡 [𝑊]
4𝜋𝑅
20
𝐺𝑟 = 10(10) = 100,

|𝑝̂𝑤 . 𝑝̂𝑟 |2 = 1,
𝑚
1 2.998 ∗ 108 [ ]
𝜆= = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 0.11992[𝑚]
9
2.5 ∗ 10 [ℎ𝑧]
𝑓 √𝜇 𝑜 𝜖𝑜
2
0.11992[𝑚]
𝑃𝑟 = ( ) (31.6227)(100)(1)(3[𝑊]) = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟑𝟗𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 [𝑾] 𝒐𝒓 − 𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟗[𝒅𝑩𝒎]
4𝜋(15000[𝑚])

By Jonas Mendoza / U2188-4097

 EEL6426.001F17 RF & MICROWAVE CIRCUITS I
c) The signal to noise ratio at the output of the receiving antenna, SNRr.

𝐺𝑟 𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 𝜆2
𝑆𝑁𝑅𝑟 =
𝑇 𝑘𝐵(4𝜋𝑅)2

Where T is referred as the total system noise temperature, 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝐴 . For a matched passive device NF is L
(Assuming that the receiving antenna is 100% efficient, then L=1)

𝑇𝑒 = (𝐿 − 1)𝑇0 = ((𝐿) − 1)290[𝑘] = 0

𝑇𝑏 (𝐿 − 1)𝑇𝑝
𝑇𝐴 = + = 𝑇𝑏 = 150[𝐾]
𝐿 𝐿

(100) (3) (31.6227)(0.11992)2

𝑆𝑁𝑅𝑟 = ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟓𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝒅𝑩
(150) (1.38 ∗ 10−23 )(15 ∗ 106 )(4𝜋(15000))2

d) The power at the output of the filter, Po.

𝑃𝑜 = 𝑃𝑟 ∗ 𝐺𝐴 ∗ 𝐺𝐼𝑙

𝑃𝑟 = 3.8397 ∗ 10−9 [𝑊]

23
𝐺𝐴 = 10(10) = 199.52
−𝐼𝐿
𝐺𝐼𝐿 = 10 10 = 0.6309

𝑃𝑜 = 3.8397 ∗ 10−9 [𝑊] ∗ 199.52 ∗ 0.6309 = 𝟒𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 [𝑾] = −𝟑𝟑. 𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟓[𝒅𝑩𝒎]

e) The signal to noise ratio at the output of the filter, SNRo.

𝑁𝑜 = 𝐺𝐴 𝐺𝐼𝐿 (𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝐴 )𝐾𝐵

𝑇𝑒2 𝑁𝐹𝑑𝐵 1
𝑇𝑒 = 𝑇𝑒1 + = (𝑁𝐹𝐴 − 1)𝑇𝐴 + (𝐿𝐼𝐿 − 1)𝑇𝐴 = (10 10 − 1) 𝑇𝐴 + ( − 1) 𝑇𝐴
𝐺𝐴 𝐺𝐼𝐿

𝑇𝑒 = 38.8388 + 87.7555 = 126.5943[𝐾]

𝑁𝑜 = 34816.9181 ∗ (1.38 ∗ 10−23 ) ∗ (15 ∗ 106 ) = 7.2071 ∗ 10−12 [𝑊]

𝑃𝑜 483.3305 ∗ 10−9 [𝑊]

𝑆𝑁𝑅𝑜 = = = 𝟔𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟕[𝒅𝑩]
𝑁0 7.2071 ∗ 10−12 [𝑊]

f) How much power should be transmitted in order to obtain an SNR of 20dB at the output of the filter if both
antennas are half-wave dipoles (G=2.2 dB)?
20
𝑃𝑜 = 𝑆𝑁𝑅𝑜 ∗ 𝑁𝑜 = 1010 ∗ 𝑁𝑜 = (100)(7.2071 ∗ 10−12 ) = 7.2071 ∗ 10−10 [𝑊]

𝑃𝑜 7.2071 ∗ 10−10
𝑃𝑟 = = = 5.7255 ∗ 10−12 [𝑊]
𝐺𝐴 ∗ 𝐺𝐼𝑙 199.52 ∗ 0.6309

𝑃𝑟 5.7255 ∗ 10−12 5.7255 ∗ 10−12

𝑃𝑡 = = = = 5.1362[𝑊]
𝜆 2 0.11992[𝑚]
2 2.2 2.2 4.0474 ∗ 10−13 ∗ 2.7542
(
4𝜋𝑅
) 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟 ( ) (10( 10 ) ) (10( 10 ) )
4𝜋(15000[𝑚])

By Jonas Mendoza / U2188-4097