Noun Suffixes - Grammar Quizzes

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Grammar-Quizzes › Noun Phrases › Nouns–Suffixes › Noun Suffixes
Noun Suffixes (Nominal Suffixes)

Recognize a variety of noun forms
In Context
Our plane departed from San Francisco on time. We arrived in San Diego at 11:00 a.m. The plane landed without difficulty. A bus transported us promptly and
comfortably to our hotel.
The departure of our plane from San Francisco was on time. Our arrival in San Diego was at 11:00 a.m. The landing of the plane was not difficult. The
transportation by bus to our hotel was prompt and comfortable.
Verb → Noun word form
VERB WORD FORM
Nouns may be formed from verbs, adjectives or other nouns. The forms are often Latin or Greek in origin. There is no simple rule for adding suffixes, but there are
patterns.
SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT

NOUN PHRASE VERB + PP / ADJ
Our plane departed from San Francisco on time.
We arrived in San Diego at 11:00 a.m.
The plane landed without difficulty.
A bus transported us to our hotel promptly and comfortably.
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/noun-forms.html 1/22
NOUN WORD FORM
Adding a suffix to a verb form is one way of forming a noun. A suffix is a part added to the end of a word. Examples of suffixes are listed below. Modifiers to the noun
are enclosed in brackets [ ].

NOUN PHRASE "BE" VERB + PP / ADJ
The departure [of our plane from San Francisco] was on time.
Our arrival [in San Diego] was at 11:00 a.m.
The landing [of the plane] was not difficult.
The transportation [by bus to the hotel] was prompt and comfortable.
derive (V) — come from a source or origin; derivation (N) the formation of a word from another word or base
prompt (Adj) — on time or timely, not delayed
A suffix normally marks a word as an adjective, verb, or noun. A suffix is placed at the end of the word. (Affixation includes: prefix (before) pre-pare; infix (between) [rare in English];
and suffix (after) prepara-tion.
(Swan 384) "What can follow a noun?"
Also see Plural Noun Forms| Adjective Suffixes | Word Forms | Adverb Suffixes | Negative Noun Prefixes | Noun Properties.
Verb to Noun Suffixes
SUFFIX VERB – NOUN VERB – NOUN VERB – NOUN
-AL condition, quality arrive –arrival deny –denial refuse – refusal

approve – approval propose –proposal dismiss – dismissal
-ANCE / ENCE action, state, condition attend –attendance prefer – preference refer – reference
or quality
accept –acceptance insure – insurance exist –existence
-ATION / TION action or resulting state educate – education eliminate – elimination combine – combination
inform – information declare – declaration immigrate – immigration
-SION action or resulting state confuse – confusion divide –division impress – impression
decide – decision revise – revision profess–profession
-URE action or resulting state depart – departure fail – failure press – pressure
erase – erasure enclose – enclosure legislate – legislature
-MENT state, act, condition agree– agreement employ – employment punish – punishment
pay – payment argue – argument govern – government
-AGE action, state, process break – breakage pack – package bag– baggage
post – postage pass – passage marry – marriage
-ING action, state, process bless – blessing write – writing end –ending
land – landing feed – feeding seat – seating
-ERY a business or trade, a behavior, a cream – creamery bake –bakery brew – brewery
condition
slave (N) – slavery brave (Adj) – bravery machine (N) – machinery
Nominalization – the forming of words from other categories , verbs and nouns, by suffixation. (Huddleston 1706)
Pop-Q "The fix"
Noun Forms
Nouns derived from adjectives
Adjective → Noun word form
VERB WORD FORM
Nouns may be formed from adjectives. The forms are often Latin or Greek in origin. There is no simple rule for adding suffixes, but there are patterns.
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENT
The passengers were happy.
The aircraft was safe.
The flight attendants were polite.
Their information is private.
NOUN WORD FORM
Adding a suffix to an adjective form is another way of forming a noun. A suffix is the part added to the end of a word.
SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENT
Their happiness was obvious. easy to see
Safety was important.
Politeness is not always easy.
Privacy is expected.
Adjective to Noun Suffixes
SUFFIX ADJECTIVE – NOUN ADJECTIVE – NOUN ADJECTIVE – NOUN
-NESS state, quality, condition happy – happiness kind – kindness quiet – quietness
useful – usefulness truthful – truthfulness sleepy – sleepiness
-ITY state or condition active – activity curious – curiosity real – reality

stupid – stupidity mobile – mobility tranquil – tranquility
-ISM state, practice ideal – idealism human – humanism conservative – conservatism

colonial – colonialism imperial – imperialism favorite – favoritism
-TH condition wide – width long – length born (V) – birth

dead – death foul – filth grow (V) – growth
-Y condition private – privacy honest – honesty modest – modesty

difficult – difficulty jealous – jealousy
-ERY location, collective, behavior condition brave – bravery
-TY condition safe – safety certain – certainty loyal – loyalty

cruel – cruelty subtle – subtlety admiral (N) – admiralty
See Adjective Forms for: -able, -ant, -ary, -ed, -en -ent, -ful, -ic, -ical, -less, -ing, -ive, -ish, -like, -y.
See Negative Prefixes for : a-, dis-, il-, in-, im-, ir-, non-, un-.
Personal Noun Forms

Personal nouns derived from other nouns
Verb → Personal Noun
VERB WORD FORM
Personal nouns may be formed from other word forms—specific verbs, adjectives and nouns.
The company employs workers. (V)
The man took refuge in the US. (N)
Nature is real. (Adj)
Beauty is ideal.
NOUN WORD FORM
Specific verbs adjectives and nouns permit the addition of suffixes such as -ee, -ant or -ent, -ist, -ster, -arian, and -eer.
Employees (V→N) work for the company.
The refugee (N→N) asked for protection.
The realist (Adj→N) sees things as they are.

The idealist (Adj→N) sees things as they should be.
refuge (N) — shelter, protection from danger
Verb to Personal Noun List
SUFFIX VERB – PERSONAL NOUN VERB – PERSONAL NOUN VERB– PERSONAL NOUN
-ANT / ENT person / instrument / agent attend– attendant inform – informant preside – president
assist – assistant correspond – correspondent reside – resident
-EE person / instrument / recipient of action appoint – appointee pay – payee divorce¹ – divorcée (V/N)
attend – attendee trust – trustee license – licensee (V/N)
-IST person who practices tour – tourist machine (V) – machinist type – typist
-AR person who does beg – beggar lie – liar registrate – registrar
burgle – burglar
-ER person who does advertise – advertiser buy – buyer keep – keeper
believe – believer call – caller listen – listener

build – builder interpret – interpreter pitch – pitcher
-OR person who does act – actor direct – director navigate – navigator
collect – collector instruct – instructor sail – sailor

dictate – dictator legislate – legislator spectate – spectator
¹divorce — end a marriage: (N) The divorce was final. (V) They will divorce.
Adjective to Personal Noun
SUFFIX ADJ – PERSONAL NOUN ADJ – PERSONAL NOUN ADJ– PERSONAL NOUN
-IST person who practices active – activist human – humanist left – leftist
colonial – colonialist ideal – idealist natural – naturalist
extreme – extremist imperial – imperialist nude – nudist
-STER person connected to young¹ – youngster hip — hipster

old¹ – oldster
¹ young / old — could be an adj or a noun: (Adj) He is young not old. vs. (Group noun) The young have time, the old do not.
Noun to Personal Noun
SUFFIX NOUN – PERSONAL NOUN NOUN – PERSONAL NOUN NOUN– PERSONAL NOUN
-ARIAN holders of a particular doctrine vegetable – vegetarian human – humanitarian parliament – parliamentarian
discipline – disciplinarian sect – sectarian
-EE person / instrument address (N/V) – addressee refuge (N) – refugee
-ER person concern with farm (N/V) – farmer law – lawyer prison – prisoner
hat – hatter jewel – jeweler village – villager
-EER person concerned with engine –engineer musket – musketeer auction – auctioneer
profit – profiteer racket – racketeer mountain – mountaineer
-IST person who practices bicycle – bicyclist (N→N) column – columnist terror – terrorist
cartoon – cartoonist (N→N) physics – physicist violin – violinist
-STER person connected to game – gamester prank – prankster old¹ – oldster
gang – gangster song – songster spin² – spinster

mob – mobster trick – trickster
¹ young / old – could be an adj or a noun: (Adj) He is young not old. vs. (Group noun) The young have time, the old do not.
² spinster – used for a woman who has never married "a spinner of thread" spinning
London – Londoner See Demonyms.
(Huddleston 19 5.7 Nominalizations) (Swan 384-6)
Feminine Noun Forms

Suffixes that denote females
Masculine/Neutral to Feminine
SUFFIX MASCULINE – FEMININE MASCULINE – FEMININE NEUTER/MASC. – FEMININE
-ETTE feminine / diminutive brunet¹ (Adj) [Fr. masc.] – brunette (fem.) bachelor² (N) – bachelorette suffrage³ (N) – suffragette
(French) major (N) – majorette coque (N) [Fr. "rooster"] – coquette
-TRIX / -TRICE feminine aviator (N) – aviatrix executor (N) – executrix beatus (N) [Latin "who makes happy"] –
Beatrice
(Latin) dominator (N) – dominatrix director (N) – directrice (fem.)
administrator (N) – administratrix
-TRESS /-ESS feminine actor (N) – actress (wait staff) seducer (N) – seductress Melissa ("honey bee")
(French from -ISSA Greek) master/mister(N) – mistress ( Ms.) lion (N) – lioness Clarissa
-IENNE feminine comedian (N) – comedienne equestrian (N) – equestrienne Adrian (name masc.)– Adrienne
(French)
-ÉE feminine fiancé (Partcpl) – fiancée divorcé (Partcpl) – divorcée
(French)
¹ brun (French) – brown; masculine hair color brunet (Fr) feminine brunette (Fr / Eng)
² bachelor (N) – a young unmarried man; a college degree
³ suffrage – the right to vote
-ISSA (Greek) – meli "honey" Melissa ("honey bee"); Clarissa (fem./diminutive of Clara)
Find word origins (etymology) on Dictionary.com.
Diminutive Noun Forms

Suffixes for smallness or affection
Standard to Diminutive
SUFFIX STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE STANDARD – DIMINUATIVE
-ETTE diminutive case (N) [Fr. casse] – cassette vinegar (N) – vinaigrette cigar (N) – cigarette
(French) towel (N) – towelette kitchen (N) – kitchenette toilet (N) – toilette³ (N)
novel (N) – novelette (novela) rouelle (FR. "wheel") – roulette (ethics) (N) [Fr.] – etiquette
rose (N) – rosette vine (N) [Fr.] "vigne" – vignette
-SIE / SY foot– footsie tiny (Adj) – teensie weensie Patricia / Pat – Patty / Patsie
one – onesie (one-piece baby wear) hot (Adj) – hotsy-totsy ? – Tootsie
-IE / Y cook (N/V) – cookie pup (N) – puppy Bob – Bobby

hood (N) – hoodie duck (N) – ducky Thomas – Tommy
lad (N) – laddie mom (N) – mommy Susan – Susie
-LET book (N) – booklet out (Adv) – outlet tart (N) – tartlet
brace (N) – bracelet owl (N) – owlet toile (N "small cloth" Fr.) – toilet
cut (N) – cutlet (small cut of meat) [alemelle "thin plate" OFr.] – omelet viola (N "purple flower" Lat.) – violet
-LING change (V) – changeling (folklore– baby found (V) – foundling (abandoned baby) prince (N) – princeling
left by fairy)
hire (V) hireling (menial or hourly worker) under (Adv) – underling (subordinate)
dear (Adj) – darling
nest (N) – nestling
duck (N) – duckling
-KIN pumpkin "pepon" melon (Grk.) munchkin Wizard of Oz (1900) napkin "nappe" little table cloth (O. Fr.)
[Dutch / German / -quin French] lambkin "lamb" (1570) bumpkin "little barrel" a simple person (M. ramekin (little baking dish "ram") (M.
Dutch) Dutch), ramequin (Fr.)
¹ brun (French) — brown masculine brunet (Fr) feminine brunette (Fr / Eng)
² bachelor (N) – a young unmarried man; a college degree
³ toilette – may refer to a toilet (commode) or to the process of bathing and grooming
peponi – melon (Greek)
nape – table cloth in (Middle English)
munchkin – dwarf in Wizard of Oz
-cule — molecule, animacule, capsule
-ello / -ella — bordello, limoncello, salmonella, Ella (name)
silhouette – à la silhouette, after Etienne de Silhouette
Find word origins (etymology) Dictionary.com.
Collective Noun Forms

Collective nouns derived from other nouns
Noun → Collective Noun
NOUN WORD FORM
A collective noun may be formed from other nouns. The nouns below refer to individuals.
A star lives a public life.
Our partner is Sky Airways.
A child enjoys playtime.
COLLECTIVE NOUN WORD FORM
Some nouns permit a suffix such as -ship, -dom or -hood. These suffixes express a state, condition, or office of all the individuals within the group.
Stardom can attract too much attention.
Our partnership has been successful.
Childhood lasts a short time.
Noun to Collective Noun List
SUFFIX NOUN – COLL. NOUN NOUN – COLL. NOUN OTHER – COLL. NOUN
-DOM state, condition, dignity, office star – stardom bore – boredom free – freedom (Adj→N)
fan – fandom king – kingdom wise – wisdom (Adj→N)
-SHIP state, condition, skill, office, censor – censorship scholar – scholarship workman – workmanship
associated with
partner – partnership dealer – dealership apprentice – apprenticeship
-HOOD state, collective brother – brotherhood neighbor – neighborhood live – livelihood (V→N)
widow – widowhood child – childhood false – falsehood (Adj→N)
-ERY location, collective, behavior condition slave – slavery (collective state) machine – machinery
-dom archdukedom, bachelordom, boredom, chiefdom, computerdom, coupledom, czardom, freedom, gangsterdom, hippiedom, kaiserdom, kingdom, princedom, serfdom,
sheikdom, sheriffdom, wisdom, yuppiedom
-ship airmanship, authorship, captainship, censorship, comradeship, dealership, fellowship, kingship, kinship, lordship, mentorship, partnership, readership, scholarship,
sponsorship, sponsorship, viewership, workmanship
-hood adulthood, babyhood, boyhood, brotherhood, childhood, cousinhood, falsehood, fatherhood, girlhood, knighthood, likelihood, livelihood, manhood, motherhood, nationhood,
parenthood, priesthood, sisterhood, statehood, toddlerhood, widowhood, womanhood
-ery adultery, antislavery, baptistery, bewitchery, buffoonery, chancellery, demagoguery, distillery, effrontery, gendarmerie, housewifery, jackassery, lampoonery, machinery,
midwifery, millinery, monastery, perfumery, presbytery, savagery, skullduggery, slavery, snobbery, thievery, tomfoolery, villager, witchery
Noun Forms
Noun forms with same verb form ("zero suffix")
Same Form—Verb → Noun
VERB
A suffix normally marks a word as an adjective, verb, or noun. A suffix is placed at the end of the word. The words below are verbs.
The pilots will attempt to take off together.
The pilots will control their aircrafts.
The aircraft will rise into the air.
The aircraft will circle in the air. (loop)
NOUN
In some cases, the same form of the word is used for the verb or the noun. The words below are nouns which are resulting states of the action of the verb.
The attempt was successful. subj NP
The pilot's control was effective. subj NP
The rise will be sharp. subj NP
The path of the aircraft will form a circle. obj NP
SUBJ NP – subject noun phrase
No suffix — also known as 'conversion' , 'zero-affixation' or 'zero-derivation'.
Same Form—Verb to Noun (primarily a verb)
arrest (V) – arrest (N) attempt (V) – attempt (N) bore (V) – bore (N) cheat (V) – cheat (N)
coach (V) – coach (N) cough (V) – cough (N) desire (V) – desire (N) flirt (V) – flirt (N)
go (V) – go (N) grin (V) – grin (N) laugh (V) – laugh (N) read (V) – read (N)
smile (V) – smile (N) sneak (V) – sneak (N) spy (V) – spy (N) whisper (V) – whisper (N)
whistle (V) – whistle (N) win (V) – win (N)
Same Form—Noun to Verb (primarily a noun)
boss (V) – boss (N) butcher (V) – butcher (N) butter (V) – butter (N) cash (V) – cash (N)
eye (V) – go (N) finger (V) – finger (N) fish (V) – fish (N) gesture (V) – gesture (N)
knife (V) – knife (N) knot (V) – knot (N) motion (V) – motion (N) nap (V) – nap (N)
panic (V) – panic (N) parody (V) – parody (N) parrot (V) – parrot (N) queue (V) – queue (N) [Br-En]
ski (V) – ski (N) skin (V) – skin (N) water (V) – water (N) zero (V) – zero (N)
(Huddleston 19 §3.1)
Stress shift → Verb to Noun
acCENT (V) – ACcent (N) conDUCT (V) – CONduct (N) conFLICT (V) – CONflict (N) conTEST (V) – CONtest (N)
conVERT (V) – CONvert (N) conVICT (V) – CONvict (N) deCREASE (V) – DEcrease (N) deSERT (V) – DESert¹ (N)
diGEST (V) – DIgest (N) esCORT (V) – EScort (N) exPORT (V) – EXport (N) fragMENT (V) – FRAGment (N)
inSERT (V) – INsert (N) inSULT (V) – INsult (N) perMIT (V) – PERmit (N) preSENT (V) – PREsent (N)
reCORD (V) – REcord (N) reJECT (V) – REject (N) transFER (V) – TRANSfer (N) susPECT (V) – SUSpect (N)
¹ de-sert' [Latin (V) deserere "abandon, forsake"] → des' ert [Latin (N) desertum "a land that is abandoned"] → des-sert' [French (N) desservir "to clear the table"]. ("dessert" See
Word Origin from Dictionary.com)
(Huddleston 19 §2.6)
Also see dessert vs. desert in Lesson 15 "Commonly Mispelled Words." Keys to Spelling: Sounds and Syllables, 29 Aug. 2016, www.grammar-
quizzes.com/spellingsum.html. Printable 3MB PDF.
Nouns Ending in -ing

Recognize difference between noun and gerund form
Noun vs. a gerund form
NOUN WORD FORM
A noun form may end in -ing. To test if it is a noun, put an article before it and/or a prepositional phrase after it.
NOUN PHRASE
The landing of the airplane was not difficult.
The passengers enjoyed the landing of the aircraft.
The *taking off of the airplane was not difficult.
GERUND WORD FORM
A gerund expresses the meaning of an activity. An article is not used before a gerund.
GERUND CLAUSE
Landing the airplane was not difficult.

*The landing the airplane was not difficult.
The pilot enjoyed landing the airplane.

The pilot enjoyed *the landing the airplane.
Taking off was not difficult.
Also see Participle Modifiers 2 and Gerunds.
Also see Noun Properties | Noun, Verb, Gerund, Participle Properties. (Apply tests to determine if a word functions as other members in a category.)
Nouns ending with -ing
advertise (V) – advertising (N) airbrush (V) – airbrushing (N) beat (V) – beating (N) bless (V) – blessing (N)
board (V) – boarding (N) bookmark (V) – bookmarking (N) come (V) – coming (N) dance (V) – dancing (N)
edge (V) – edging (N) end (V) – ending (N) feed (V) – feeding (N) forget (V) – forgetting (N)
forward (V) – forwarding (N) fund (V) – funding (N) handwrite (V) – handwriting (N) highlight (V) – highlighting (N)
make (V) – making (N) market (V) – marketing (N) open (V) – opening (N) paint (V) – painting (N)
plant (V) – planting (N) read (V) – reading (N) seat (V) – seating (N) understand (V) – understanding (N)
"deverbal nouns" (Huddleston 19 5.7.2g)
If you are unsure whether a word ending in -ing is a noun, add a determiner and/or a modifer. For example, compare "landing" and "flying". Add a determiner: The landing was
smooth. *The flying was smooth. Or add a modifier: The landing in Atlanta was smooth. *The flying in the airplane was smooth. [Use the flight instead.] However, we could say,
"The flying of the national flag is a sign of patriotism."
*incorrect use
Common Mistakes
Errors and Solutions
Focus and Solution
ERROR
Informal speech may include using a verb form as a noun when a true noun form exists:
~ What's the ask on that house?
~ Let's see the reveal.
~Have a listen to this.
~ Do the reboot and call me later.
Using a noun form as a modifier when a true adjective exists:

~ The education research suggests that we need to improve in math.
SOLUTION
This trendy usage is probably occurring as shortened form in texting.

What is the asking price. / What is the question regarding that house?
Let's reveal the changes. / The revelation caused a protest.
Listen to this. Take a look at this.
Reboot it and call me later. After rebooting, call me.
The educational research suggests that we need to improve in math.

The research in education suggests that we need to improve in math.
Note: In many cases a noun can modify another noun, however, if there is an adjective form for a word, use it.
* Incorrect use / ~ Questionable use
Pop-Q – "The fix"
Works Cited
"50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)." Daily Writing Tips. 2016, dailywritingtips.com/50-diminutive-suffixes-and-a-cute-little-prefix.
Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Brigham Young U, 2013, corpus.byu.edu/coca.
"dessert". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, 29 Aug. 2016, http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dessert.
Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 21 Jun. 2015.
Frank, Marcella. Modern English: Exercises for Non-native Speakers. Part I, Prentice-Hall, 1972.
Huddleston, Rodney D., and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002.
"List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 Aug. 2016,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_roots,_suffixes_and_prefixes.
Swan, Michael. Practical English Usage. 3rd ed., Oxford UP, 2005.
Practice 1
Air Travel
Read Context
International travel requires passing through airports and that can be challenging. Making a -reserve- is mostly done online nowadays. The -seat- is first come, first
served, so it is important to plan ahead. On the day of your trip, you should plan an early -arrive- to the airport. You should be there at least two hours before the -
depart- of an international flight. -Process- for checking in passengers can take a long time.
An agent will ask you to show your -identify-. A security agent will ask you a few -quest- about the contents of your baggage. Then they will permit your -enter- into
the secure area of the airport. Another agent will announce the -board- of the aircraft. At that time, you will walk down a long -pass- to the door of the airplane.
content – what is inside of something (bag)
process – a series of actions directed toward completing a goal
Select the noun form for each verb.
1. Select the response from the list that best completes the sentence.
2. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check 1-10" button at the bottom, or click the "Check" button to the left as you go.
1.
Making –reserve- is mostly done online nowadays.
Feedback 1
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2.
-seat- is first come, first served, so it is important to plan ahead.
Feedback 2
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3.
On the day of your trip, you should plan -arrive- to the airport.
Feedback 3
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4.
You should be there at least two hours before -depart- of an international flight.
Feedback 4
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5.
-Process- for checking in passengers can take a long time.
Feedback 5
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6.
An agent will ask you to show your -identify- .
Feedback 6
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7.
A security agent will ask you -quest- about the contents of your baggage.
Feedback 7
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8.
Then they will permit -enter- into the secure area of the airport.
Feedback 8
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9.
Another agent will announce -board- of the aircraft.
Feedback 9
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10.
At that time, you will walk down -pass- to the door of the airplane.
Feedback 10
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Practice 2
Transportation in my City
Read for Errors
Transportation in my country is very difficulty to use. There are several buses, but they are always congestion with riding people. The arrivings and departings are
rarely on schedule. The taxis are no better because the pay for a trip is too high. Most people have a prefer share a ride. The govenment regulations drivers.
However, no one does inspections to see if they are following the regulations. Most people prefer the inter-city train ( tram) that connectors the neighborhoods of the
city. The train attenders keep the train clean and safe. The other option is to walk and use local shopping and services.
attend (V) – be present, care for, watch over

congestion (N) – overcrowding, excessive amount in a small place
connect (V) – join together, link
inspect (V) – examine details

opt (V) – choose, select
regulate (v..) – control by rule
Change the verbs to noun forms.
1. Select a response correct or incorrect.

11.
Transportation in my country is very difficulty to use.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 11
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12.
There are several buses, but they are always congestion with riding people.
Correct Incorrect
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13.
The arrivings and departings are rarely on schedule.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 13
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14.
The taxis are no better because the pay for a trip is too high.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 14
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15.
Most people have a prefer share a ride.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 15
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16.
The govenment regulations drivers.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 16
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17.
However, no one does inspections to see if they are following the regulations.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 17
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18.
Most people prefer the inter-city train that connectors the neighborhoods of the city.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 18
Check 18
19.
The train attenders keep the train clean and safe.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 19
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20.
The other option is to walk and use local shopping and services.
Correct Incorrect
Feedback 20
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Practice 3
Focusing on the Action
Read Context
It is indispensable to supervise aircraft checks. ⇒
It is important to maintain an airplane.
It is necessary to inspect the engines.
It is critical to employ good technicians.
It is essential to transport passengers safely.
It is dangerous for any part of the airplane to fail.
It is required to approve all work on the aircraft.
It is necessary to replace all worn parts.
It is logical to require safety updates.
It is reasonable to retire an aircraft after twenty years.
The supervision of aircraft is indispensable.
The… is important.
The… is necessary.
The… is critical.
The… is essential.
The… is dangerous.
The… is required.
The… is necessary.
The… is logical.
The… is reasonable.
Also see "It is" + Adjective + Infinitive
Change the focus from the speaker's opinion to the action.
1. Reword the sentence so that it begins with a noun clause not an it-clause.
21.
It is important to maintain an airplane.
Edit 21
The maintenance…
Feedback 21
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22.
It is necessary to inspect the engines.
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23.
It is critical to employ good technicians.
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24.
It is essential to transport passengers safely.
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25.
It is dangerous for any part of the airplane to fail.
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26.
It is required to approve all work on the aircraft.
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27.
It is necessary to replace all worn parts.
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28.
It is logical to require safety updates.
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29.
It is reasonable to retire an aircraft after twenty years.
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Grammar-Quizzes › Noun Phrases › Nouns–Suffixes › Noun Suffixes

Also see Adjective Suffixes | Word Forms | Adverb Suffixes | Negative Noun Prefixes .
Julie Sevastopoulos (contact) — ESL / ELL / TEFL — English Grammar Reference / Resource – Practices & Exercises – Palo Alto, California USA — 13 Apr 2018
Creative Commons License Grammar Quizzes by Julie Sevastopoulos is licensed for use under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International.

Noun Suffixes - Grammar Quizzes

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18/4/2018 Noun Suffixes | Grammar Quizzes

Grammar-Quizzes › Noun Phrases › Nouns–Suffixes › Noun Suffixes

Noun Suffixes (Nominal Suffixes)

Verb → Noun word form

VERB WORD FORM

SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT

Our plane departed from San Francisco on time.

We arrived in San Diego at 11:00 a.m.

The plane landed without difficulty.

A bus transported us to our hotel promptly and comfortably.

SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT

Our arrival [in San Diego] was at 11:00 a.m.

The landing [of the plane] was not difficult.

prompt (Adj) — on time or timely, not delayed

(Swan 384) "What can follow a noun?"

Verb to Noun Suffixes

SUFFIX VERB – NOUN VERB – NOUN VERB – NOUN

-AL condition, quality arrive –arrival deny –denial refuse – refusal

Pop-Q "The fix"

Adjective → Noun word form

VERB WORD FORM

SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENT

The passengers were happy.

The aircraft was safe.

The flight attendants were polite.

Their information is private.

NOUN WORD FORM

SUBJECT PREDICATE COMPLEMENT

Their happiness was obvious. easy to see

Safety was important.

Politeness is not always easy.

Adjective to Noun Suffixes

SUFFIX ADJECTIVE – NOUN ADJECTIVE – NOUN ADJECTIVE – NOUN

-ITY state or condition active – activity curious – curiosity real – reality

-ISM state, practice ideal – idealism human – humanism conservative – conservatism

-TH condition wide – width long – length born (V) – birth

-Y condition private – privacy honest – honesty modest – modesty

-ERY location, collective, behavior condition brave – bravery

-TY condition safe – safety certain – certainty loyal – loyalty

Personal Noun Forms

Verb → Personal Noun

VERB WORD FORM

SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT

The company employs workers. (V)

The man took refuge in the US. (N)

Nature is real. (Adj)

NOUN WORD FORM

SUBJECT PREDICATE + COMPLEMENT

Employees (V→N) work for the company.

The refugee (N→N) asked for protection.

The realist (Adj→N) sees things as they are.

refuge (N) — shelter, protection from danger

Verb to Personal Noun List

assist – assistant correspond – correspondent reside – resident

attend – attendee trust – trustee license – licensee (V/N)

believe – believer call – caller listen – listener

collect – collector instruct – instructor sail – sailor

Adjective to Personal Noun

-STER person connected to young¹ – youngster hip — hipster

Noun to Personal Noun

discipline – disciplinarian sect – sectarian

-EE person / instrument address (N/V) – addressee refuge (N) – refugee

hat – hatter jewel – jeweler village – villager