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ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN OF A R.C.C. BUILDING FRAME STRUCTURE

Site location:
DG Khan

Building title:
Marriage Hall

Data used:
ABCSOIL = 1ton per square foot
Unit weights:
Soil = 120pcf
R.C.C. = 150pcf
Brick ballast = 110pcf
P.C.C + terrazzo = 144pcf
Mud filling = 100pcf
Brick tiles = 120pcf
C/S mortar = 120pcf
Wall loads:
1foot high 9inch wide = 90 lbs per foot
Live loads:
LL = 150psf (for slabs, beams etc.)
LL = 200psf (for stairs)
Material strength:
fc’ = 3ksi (for slabs and beams)
= 4ksi ( for basement and columns)
fy = 60ksi (deformed steel bars)

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Fig 1: Plan of building

DESIGN OF SLABS

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DESIGN OF BEAMS
Roof Slab Beams Design
Design of B1:
Factored moments:

Exterior support Mu  = 32.48 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 37.125 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 232.875 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 161.72 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
15 12 30  12
= = 9.729in = = 17.143in
18.5 21
Say, h = 18in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 12in

d min for Mumax :

Mumax
d min =
0.205 fc ' b

232.875 12
=  19.45in
0.205  3 12

hmin = 19.45 + 2.5 = 21.95in

Thus,
h  22in
d  22  2.5  19.5in

Page 16 of 116
Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy

Note:
To make sure that every flexural member fails by yielding of the steel giving sufficient warning before
failure, steel should be well ahead of its yield strain when concrete reaches its fracture strain  0.003. For
all other sections, except negative sections in continuous flexural members, steel should have strain 
0.005 when concrete reaches the strain = 0.003 to allow redistribution of moments. For this condition,
 max can be derived.
d c c 3
0.003  0.005  
c d 8
fc ' c
  0.851 ,
fy d

c 3 3 fc '
For  ,    max  0.851 = 0.00135, for fc’= 3ksi & fy = 60ksi
d 8 8 fy

For negative sections in continuous members, extreme tensile strain should be equal to or greater than
0.0075 when concrete reaches strain = 0.003. For this condition,  max can be derived.
d c c 2
0.003  0.0075  
c d 7
fc ' c
  0.851 ,
fy d

c 2 2 fc '
For  ,   max  0.851 = 0.00103, for fc’=3ksi & fy = 60ksi
d 7 7 fy

Anyways, “ In all flexural members behavior will be UNDER REINFORCED iff max  0.75b
in tension regions, ACI 1999. (Compression reinforcement can be used @  max  b )
fc ' 87, 000
b  0.851  0.0213 , for fc’=3ksi & fy = 60ksi.
f y f y  87, 000

max  0.75  0.02138  0.016  even greater than the previous cases (0.00103 & 0.00135).

However, to have more warning I’m gonna use 0.00103 & 0.00135 in corresponding sections.

Page 17 of 116
AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103 12 19.5  2.41in 2

AS 1 f y 2.41 60
a = = = 4.725in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 12

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

4.725
0.9(2.41)(60)(19.5  )
= 2 = 185.85 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 185.85 k-ft

Effective flange width for L-beam behavior:

bf is lesser of the following:

l 15 12
i) =  15in for exterior span
12 12
30 12
=  30in for interior span
12

ii) 6h f  bw = 6 (7)+12 = 54in


Sc 13.5 12
iii) bw  = 12 + = 93in
2 2

Thus, bf = 15in for exterior span

= 30in for interior span


Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135 12 19.5  3.159in 2

AS 1 f y 3.159  60
a = = = 2.477in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  30
Page 18 of 116
a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

2.477
0.9(3.159)(60)(19.5  )
= 2 = 259.59 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 259.59 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033 12 19.5  0.772in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:

Mu  = 37.125 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
37.125 12
= = 0.458in 2  Asmin
3
0.9(60)(19.5  )
2

Thus, As = 0.772in 2
Use, 3 - #6.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  2.1in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  15

a 2.1
c =   2.47in
1 0.85

c 2.47
=  0.126  0.375 (OK)
d 19.5
Design for positive moment in interior span:

Mu  = 161.72 k-ft
Page 19 of 116
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
161.72 12
= = 2in 2
3
0.9(60)(19.5  )
2

AS f y 2  60
a = = = 1.57in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  30

(Assumption is correct)
161.72 12
As = = 1.92in 2
1.57
0.9(60)(19.5  )
2
Use, 3 - #8

Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.79)  60
a = =  1.858in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  30

a 1.858
c =   2.186in
1 0.85

c 2.186
=  0.112  0.375 (OK)
d 19.5

Design for negative moment at exterior support:

Mu  = 32.48 k-ft
Flange is under tension:
b = 12in
d = 19.5in
Mu 32.48 12
R = =  0.0854
bd 2 12(19.5) 2

 = 0.0022 <  min


Page 20 of 116
Thus, As = 0.772in 2
Use, 3 - #6.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  2.588in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 12

a 2.588
c =   3.044in
1 0.85

c 3.044
=  0.156  0.375 (OK)
d 19.5

Design for negative moment at interior support:

= 232.875 k-ft > b Mn = 185.85 k-ft



Mu  (OK)

Design as doubly reinforced section of size 12in×22in.

d' = 2.5in
d = 19.5in

= Mu   b Mn = 47.025k-ft

M2

Assuming compression steel is yielding:


M2 47.025 12
AS 2 = = = 0.051in 2
0.9 f y ( d  d ') 0.9(60)(19.5  2.5)

87( a  1d ') 87(4.725  0.85  2.5)


fs ' = =
a 4.725

= 47.87 ksi < f y

fy 60
As2revised = As2 = 0.051 = 0.064 in 2
fs ' 47.87

Thus, As = As1 + As2revised = 2.41+ 0.064 = 2.474 in 2

Use, 4 - #8 (Top bars)


2 - #6 (Bottom bars)

Page 21 of 116
Ductility Check:
Assume compression steel is yielding.

( AS  As ') f y (3.16  0.88)  60


a = =  4.47in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 12

a 4.47
c =   5.26in
1 0.85

cd' 5.26  2.5


 S' =( ) cu = ( )  0.003
c 5.26

= 0.00157   y  0.00207

( As ' Es cu  Asf y ) As ' Es cu d '


c2  c
0 = 0.85 fc ' b1 0.85 fc ' b1

0.88  87  3.16  60 0.88 87  2.5


0 = c2  c
0.85  3 12  0.85 0.85  3 12  0.85

0 = c 2  4.35c  7.36
c = 5.56

c 5.65
=  0.289  0.375 (OK)
d 19.5
Design for Shear:
1) Exterior Span:
Vu = 26k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 12 19.5


= = 19.22k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 26  19.22
Vs = =  9.04
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  12  19.5
4 fc 'bw d =  51.26
1000

Page 22 of 116
Vs < 51.56 OK.
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 22in
50bw 50 12

d 19.5
ii) = = 9.75in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  19.5


iv) = = 28.47
Vu  vVc 26  19.22

Provide:
l
i) #3@8 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@12 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
2) Interior Span:
Vu = 43.125k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 12 19.5


= = 19.22k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 43.125  19.22
Vs = =  31.87k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

Note: If in any case Vs > 4 fc 'bw d , then either increase the x-sectional dimensions or reduce the
maximum spacing, given below, by 50%.

4 3000  12  19.5
4 fc 'bw d =  51.26
1000
Vs < 51.56 ( OK )

Page 23 of 116
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 22in
50bw 50 12

d 19.5
ii) = = 9.75in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  19.5


iv) = = 8.07in
Vu  vVc 43.125  19.22

Provide:
l
i) #3@6 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@9 " c/c in remaining middle portion.

Page 24 of 116
Design of B2:
Factored moments:

Exterior support Mu  = 26.31 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 30.1 k-ft

First Interior support Mu  = 42.1 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 38.27 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 26.31 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
13.5 12 13.5  12
= = 8.756in = = 7.14in
18.5 21
Say, h = 9in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 9in

d min for Mumax :

Mumax
d min =
0.205 fc ' b

42.112
=  9.6in
0.205  3  9

hmin = 9.6 + 2.5 = 12.1in


Thus,
h  16in
d  16  2.5  13.5in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

Page 25 of 116
 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103  9 13.5  1.25in 2

AS 1 f y 1.25  60
a = = = 3.268in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  9

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

3.27
0.9(1.25)(60)(13.5  )
= 2 = 66.74 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 66.74 k-ft

Effective flange width for L-beam behavior:

b f is lesser of the following:


l 13.5 12
i) =  13.5in
12 12

ii) 6h f  bw = 6 (7)+9 = 51in


Sc 13.5  12
iii) bw  =9+ = 90in
2 2

Thus, bf = 13.5in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135  9 13.5  1.64in 2

AS 1 f y 1.64  60
a = = = 2.86in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 13.5

Page 26 of 116
a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

2.86
0.9(1.64)(60)(13.5  )
= 2 = 89.1 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 89.1 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033  9 13.5  0.401in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:

Mu  = 30.1 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
30.1 12
= = 0.557in 2  Asmin
3
0.9(60)(13.5  )
2

Thus, As = 0.557in 2
Use, 3 - #6.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  2.3in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 13.5

a 2.3
c =   2.71in
1 0.85

c 2.71
=  0.2004  0.375 (OK)
d 13.5

Design for positive moment in interior span:


Page 27 of 116
Mu  = 26.31 k-ft.
This moment is even lesser than the previous that I just calculated the steel. So,
Use, 3 - #6
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  2.3in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 13.5

a 2.3
c =   2.71in
1 0.85

c 2.71
=  0.2004  0.375 (OK)
d 13.5
Design for negative moment at exterior support:

= 26.31k-ft < b Mn = 66.74 k-ft



Mu  (OK)

Flange is under tension:


b = 9in
d = 13.5in
Mu 26.3112
R = =  0.192
bd 2 9(13.5) 2

 = 0.0038 >  min (OK)

Thus, As = 0.0038  9 13.5  .462in 2


Use, 3 - #6

Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  3.45in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  9

a 3.45
c =   4.1in
1 0.85

c 4.1
=  0.304  0.375 (OK)
d 13.5
Design for negative moment at interior supports:

= 42.1 k-ft < b Mn = 66.74 k-ft



Mu  (OK)
Page 28 of 116
Flange is under tension:
b = 9in
d = 13.5in
Mu 42.112
R = =  0.308
bd 2 9(13.5) 2

 = 0.006 >  min (OK)

Thus, As = 0.006  9 13.5  .729in 2


3 - #6

Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  3.45in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  9

a 3.45
c =   4.1in
1 0.85

c 4.1
=  0.304  0.375 (OK
d 13.5
Design for Shear:
Vu = 23.39k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000  9 13.5


= = 9.98k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 23.39  9.98
Vs = =  17.88k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  9  13.5
4 fc 'bw d =  26.62
1000
Vs < 26.61 OK.
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2
Page 29 of 116
Smax is smallest of the following.
Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 29.33in
50bw 50  9

d 13.5
ii) = = 6.75in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  13.5


iv) = = 9.83in
Vu  vVc 23.39  9.8

Provide:
l
i) #3@5 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@8 " c/c in remaining middle portion.

Page 30 of 116
Design of B3:
Factored moments :

Exterior support Mu  = 46.4 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 53.03 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 360.045 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 250.1 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
15 12 30  12
= = 9.729in = = 17.143in
18.5 21
Say, h = 18in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 12in

dmin for Mu  in interior span :

Here selecting the depth based on negative moment at interior support (Mumax = 360.045k-ft) will
make the section too heavier. Let’s select the depth based on +ve moment in interior span and go for
doubly reinforced section (at negative moment sections; interior support) where demand exceeds the
capacity.

d min Mu
=
0.205 fc ' b

250.112
=  20.2in
0.205  3 12

hmin = 20.2 + 2.5 = 22.7in


Thus,
h  25in
d  25  2.5  22.5in

Page 31 of 116
Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103 12  22.5  2.781in 2

AS 1 f y 2.781 60
a = = = 5.45in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 12

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

5.453
0.9(2.781)(60)(22.5  )
= 2 = 247.46 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 247.46 k-ft

Effective flange width for T-beam behavior:

b f is lesser of the following:


l 15 12
i) =  45in for exterior span
4 4
30 12
=  90in for interior span
4

ii) 16h f  bw = 16 (7)+12 = 124in


iii) S = 13.5 12 = 162in

Thus, bf = 45in for exterior span

= 90in for interior span


Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in interior spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135 12  22.5  3.645in 2
Page 32 of 116
AS 1 f y 3.645  60
a = = = 0.95in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

0.952
0.9(3.645)(60)(22.5  )
= 2 = 361.24 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 361.24 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033 12  22.5  0.891in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:

Mu  = 53.03 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
53.03 12
= = 0.561in2  Asmin
3
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

Thus, As = 0.891in 2
Use, 3 - #6.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  0.69in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  45

a 0.69
c =   0.812in
1 0.85

c 0.812
=  0.04  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
Page 33 of 116
Design for positive moment in interior span:

Mu  = 250.1 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
250.112
= = 2.65in 2
3
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

AS f y 2.65  60
a = = = 0.692in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

(Assumption is correct)
250.1 12
As = = 2.58in 2
0.692
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2
Use, 4 - #8

Ductility Check:
AS f y 4(0.79)  60
a = =  0.826in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

a 0.826
c =   0.972in
1 0.85

c 0.972
=  0.043  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5

Design for negative moment at exterior support:

Mu  = 46.4 k-ft
Flange is under tension:
b = 12in
d = 22.5in

Page 34 of 116
Mu 46.4 12
R = 2
=  0.092
bd 12(22.5) 2

 <  min
Thus, As = 0.891in 2
Use, 3 - #6.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  2.59in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  12

a 2.59
c =   3.044in
1 0.85

c 3.044
=  0.135  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
Design for negative moment at interior support:

= 360.45 k-ft > b Mn = 247.46 k-ft



Mu 

Design as doubly reinforced section of size 12in×25in.

d' = 2.5in
d = 22.5in

= Mu   b Mn = 112.96k-ft

M2

Assuming compression steel is yielding:


M2 112.96 12
AS 2 = = = 1.255in 2
0.9 f y ( d  d ') 0.9(60)(22.5  2.5)

87( a  1d ') 87(5.45  0.85  2.5)


fs ' = =
a 5.45

= 53.1 ksi < f y

fy 60
As2revised = As2 = 1.255  = 1.42 in 2
fs ' 53.1

Thus, As = As1 + As2revised = 2.781+ 1.42 = 4.2 in 2

Use, 4 - #8 + 3- #6 (Top bars)


2 - #8 (Bottom bars) Page 35 of 116
Ductility Check:
Assume compression steel is yielding.

( AS  As ') f y (4.48  1.58)  60


a = =  5.68in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 12

a 5.68
c =   6.68in
1 0.85

cd' 6.68  2.5


 S' =( ) cu = ( )  0.003
c 6.68

= 0.001877   y  0.00207

( As ' Es cu  Asf y ) As ' Es cu d '


0 = c2  c
0.85 fc ' b1 0.85 fc ' b1

1.58  87  4.48  60 1.58 87  2.5


0 = c2  c
0.85  3 12  0.85 0.85  3 12  0.85

0 = c 2  5.05c  5.28

c = 5.93

c 5.93
=  0.264  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
. Design for Shear:
1) Exterior Span:
Vu = 37.125k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 12  22.5


= = 22.18k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 37.125  22.18
Vs = =  19.92k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  12  22.5
4 fc 'bw d =  59.15
1000

Page 36 of 116
Vs < 59.51 OK.
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 22in
50bw 50 12

d 22.5
ii) = = 11.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  22.5


iv) = = 14.9
Vu  vVc 37.125  22.18

Provide:
l
i) #3@8 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@12 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
2) Interior Span:
Vu = 66.675k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 12  22.5


= = 22.18k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 66.675  22.18
Vs = =  59.32k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  12  22.5
4 fc 'bw d =  59.15
1000
Vs  59.15 ( OK )
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Page 37 of 116
Smax is smallest of the following.
Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 22in
50bw 50 12

d 22.5
ii) = = 11.2in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  22.5


iv) = = 5.06in
Vu  vVc 66.675  22.18

Provide:
l
i) #3@5 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@8 " c/c in remaining middle portion.

Page 38 of 116
Design of B4:
Factored moments :

Exterior support Mu  = 46.4 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 53.03 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 360.045 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 250.1 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
15 12 30  12
= = 9.729in = = 17.143in
18.5 21
Say, h = 18in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 12in

dmin for Mu  in interior span :

Here selecting the depth based on negative moment at interior support (Mumax = 360.045k-ft) will
make the section too heavier. Let’s select the depth based on +ve moment in interior span and go for
doubly reinforced section (at negative moment sections; interior support) where demand exceeds the
capacity.

Mumax
d min =
0.205 fc ' b

250.112
=  20.2in
0.205  3 12

hmin = 20.2 + 2.5 = 22.7in


Thus,
h  25in
d  25  2.5  22.5in

Page 39 of 116
Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103 12  22.5  2.781in 2

AS 1 f y 2.781 60
a = = = 5.45in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 12

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

5.453
0.9(2.781)(60)(22.5  )
= 2 = 247.46 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 247.46 k-ft

Effective flange width for T-beam behavior:

b f is lesser of the following:


l 15 12
iv) =  45in for exterior span
4 4
30 12
=  90in for interior span
4

v) 16h f  bw = 16 (7)+12 = 124in


vi) S = 13.5 12 = 162in

Thus, bf = 45in for exterior span

= 90in for interior span


Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in interior spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135 12  22.5  3.645in 2
Page 40 of 116
AS 1 f y 3.645  60
a = = = 0.95in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

0.952
0.9(3.645)(60)(22.5  )
= 2 = 361.24 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 361.24 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033 12  22.5  0.891in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:

Mu  = 53.03 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
53.03 12
= = 0.561in2  Asmin
3
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

Thus, As = 0.891in 2
Use, 3 - #6.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  0.69in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  45

a 0.69
c =   0.812in
1 0.85

c 0.812
=  0.04  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
Page 41 of 116
Design for positive moment in interior span:

Mu  = 250.1 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
250.112
= = 2.65in 2
3
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

AS f y 2.65  60
a = = = 0.692in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

(Assumption is correct)
250.1 12
As = = 2.58in 2
0.692
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2
Use, 4 - #8

Ductility Check:
AS f y 4(0.79)  60
a = =  0.826in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

a 0.826
c =   0.972in
1 0.85

c 0.972
=  0.043  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5

Design for negative moment at exterior support:

Mu  = 46.4 k-ft
Flange is under tension:
b = 12in
d = 22.5in

Page 42 of 116
Mu 46.4 12
R = 2
=  0.092
bd 12(22.5) 2

 <  min
Thus, As = 0.891in 2
Use, 3 - #6.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  2.59in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  12

a 2.59
c =   3.044in
1 0.85

c 3.044
=  0.135  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
Design for negative moment at interior support:

= 360.45 k-ft > b Mn = 247.46 k-ft



Mu 

Design as doubly reinforced section of size 12in×25in.

d' = 2.5in
d = 22.5in

= Mu   b Mn = 112.96k-ft

M2

Assuming compression steel is yielding:


M2 112.96 12
AS 2 = = = 1.255in 2
0.9 f y ( d  d ') 0.9(60)(22.5  2.5)

87( a  1d ') 87(5.45  0.85  2.5)


fs ' = =
a 5.45

= 53.1 ksi < f y

fy 60
As2revised = As2 = 1.255  = 1.42 in 2
fs ' 53.1

Thus, As = As1 + As2revised = 2.781+ 1.42 = 4.2 in 2

Use, 4 - #8 + 3- #6 (Top bars)


2 - #8 (Bottom bars) Page 43 of 116
Ductility Check:
Assume compression steel is yielding.

( AS  As ') f y (4.48  1.58)  60


a = =  5.68in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 12

a 5.68
c =   6.68in
1 0.85

cd' 6.68  2.5


 S' =( ) cu = ( )  0.003
c 6.68

= 0.001877   y  0.00207

( As ' Es cu  Asf y ) As ' Es cu d '


c2  c
0 = 0.85 fc ' b1 0.85 fc ' b1

1.58  87  4.48  60 1.58  87  2.5


0 = c2  c
0.85  3 12  0.85 0.85  3 12  0.85

0 = c 2  5.05c  5.28

c = 5.93

c 5.93
=  0.264  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
. Design for Shear:
1) Exterior Span:
Vu = 37.125k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 12  22.5


= = 22.18k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 37.125  22.18
Vs = =  19.92k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  12  22.5
4 fc 'bw d =  59.15
1000

Page 44 of 116
Vs < 59.51 OK.
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 22in
50bw 50 12

d 22.5
ii) = = 11.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  22.5


iv) = = 14.9in
Vu  vVc 37.125  22.18

Provide:
l
i) #3@8 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@12 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
2) Interior Span:
Vu = 66.675k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 12  22.5


= = 22.18k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 66.675  22.18
Vs = =  59.32k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  12  22.5
4 fc 'bw d =  59.15
1000
Vs  59.15 ( OK )
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Page 45 of 116
Smax is smallest of the following.
Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 22in
50bw 50 12

d 22.5
ii) = = 11.2in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  22.5


iv) = = 5.06in
Vu  vVc 66.675  22.18

Provide:
l
i) #3@5 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@8 " c/c in remaining middle portion.

Page 46 of 116
Design of B5:
Factored moments:

Exterior support Mu  = 272.3 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 311.23 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 435.72 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 272.3 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
27 12 27 12
= = 17.51in = = 15.42in
18.5 21
Say, h = 18in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 15in

dmin for Mu  in Exterior span :

Mumax
d min =
0.205 fc ' b

311.23 12
=  20.12in
0.205  3 15

hmin = 20.12 + 2.5 = 22.32in

Thus, h  25in
d  25  2.5  22.5in
Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
Page 47 of 116
= 0.0103 15  22.5  3.476in 2

AS 1 f y 3.476  60
a = = = 5.452in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 15

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

5.453
0.9(3.476)(60)(22.5  )
= 2 = 309.29 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 309.29 k-ft

Effective flange width for T-beam behavior:

b f is lesser of the following:


l 27 12
i) =  81in
4 4

ii) 16h f  bw = 16 (7)+12 = 124in


iii) S = 13.5 12 = 162in

Thus, bf = 81in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in interior spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135 15  22.5  4.556in 2

AS 1 f y 4.556  60
a = = = 1.324in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  81

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

1.324
0.9(4.556)(60)(22.5  )
= 2 = 447.72 k-ft
12

Page 48 of 116
b Mn  = 447.72 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033 15  22.5  1.114in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:

Mu  = 311.23 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
311.23 12
= = 3.29in 2
3
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

AS f y 3.29  60
a = = = 0.96 in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  81

(Assumption is correct)
311.23 12
As =
0.96
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

Thus, As = 3.14in 2
Use, 4- #8.

Ductility Check:
AS f y 3.16  60
a = =  0.918in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  81

a 0.918
c =   1.08in
1 0.85

c 1.08
=  0.05  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
Page 49 of 116
Design for positive moment in interior span:

Mu  = 272.3 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
272.3 12
= = 2.88in 2
3
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

AS f y 2.88  60
a = = = 0.84in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  81

(Assumption is correct)
272.3 12
As = = 2.74in 2
0.84
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2
Use, 4 - #8

Ductility Check:
AS f y 3.16  60
a = =  0.918in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  81

a 0.918
c =   1.08in
1 0.85

c 1.08
=  0.05  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5

Design for negative moment at exterior support:

Mu  = 272.3 k-ft
Flange is under tension:
b = 15in
d = 22.5in

Page 50 of 116
Mu 272.3 12
R = =  0.43
bd 2 15(22.5) 2

 = 0.00899 >  min (OK)

Thus, As =  0.00899 15  22.5  3.034in 2


Use, 4 - #8

Ductility Check:
AS f y 3.16  60
a = =  4.96in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 15

a 4.96
c =   5.83in
1 0.85

c 5.83
=  0.259  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
Design for negative moment at interior support:

= 435.72k-ft > b Mn = 309.29 k-ft



Mu 

Design as doubly reinforced section of size 15in×25in.

d' = 2.5in
d = 22.5in

= Mu   b Mn = 126.43k-ft

M2

Assuming compression steel is yielding:


M2 126.43 12
AS 2 = = = 1.404in 2
0.9 f y ( d  d ') 0.9(60)(22.5  2.5)

87( a  1d ') 87(5.45  0.85  2.5)


fs ' = =
a 5.45

= 53.1 ksi < f y

fy 60
As2revised = As2 = 1.404  = 1.586 in 2
fs ' 53.1

Thus, As = As1 + As2revised = 3.476+ 1.586 = 5.06 in 2

Page 51 of 116
Use, 5 - #8 + 3- #6 (Top bars)
2 - #8 (Bottom bars)
Ductility Check:
Assume compression steel is yielding.

( AS  As ') f y (5.27  1.58)  60


a = =  5.788in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  15

a 5.788
c =   6.81in
1 0.85

cd' 6.81  2.5


 S' =( ) cu = ( )  0.003
c 6.81

= 0.001898   y  0.00207

( As ' Es cu  Asf y ) As ' Es cu d '


c2  c
0 = 0.85 fc ' b1 0.85 fc ' b1

1.58  87  5.27  60 1.58  87  2.5


0 = c2  c
0.85  3 12  0.85 0.85  3 12  0.85

0 = c 2  6.87c  5.28

c = 7.56

c 7.56
=  0.336  0.375 (OK)
d 22.5
. Design for Shear:
1) Exterior Span:
Vu = 121.05k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 15  22.5


= = 27.73k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 121.05  27.73
Vs = =  124.42k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

Page 52 of 116
4 3000  15  22.5
4 fc 'bw d =  73.94
1000
Vs > 73.94
Let use single loop #4 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.20  0.4in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.4  60000
i) = = 32in
50bw 50  15

d 22.5
ii) = = 11.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.40  60  22.5


iv) = = 4.4in
Vu  vVc 121.05  27.73

Provide:
4.4 l
i) #4@  2.5 " c/c utpo from both supports.
2 3
ii) #4@5 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
2) Interior Span:

Vu = 80.69k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 15  22.5


= = 27.73k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 80.69  27.73
Vs = =  70.61k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  15  22.5
4 fc 'bw d =  73.94
1000

Page 53 of 116
Vs < 73.94 ( OK )
Let use single loop #4 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.20  0.4in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.4  60000
i) = = 32in
50bw 50  15

d 22.5
ii) = = 11.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.40  60  22.5


iv) = = 7.6in
Vu  vVc 80.69  27.73

Provide:
l
i) #4@ 6 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #4@8 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
.

Page 54 of 116
Ground,1st & 2nd Slab Beams Design
Design of B1:
Factored moments:

Exterior support Mu  = 53.02 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 60.6 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 380.86 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 264.49 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
15 12 30  12
= = 9.729in = = 17.143in
18.5 21
Say, h = 18in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 12in

dmin for Mu  in Interior span :

d min Mumax
=
0.205 fc ' b

264.49 12
=  20.73in
0.205  3 12

hmin = 20.73 + 2.5 = 23.23in


Thus,
h  25in
d  25  2.5  22.5in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

Page 55 of 116
 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103 12  22.5  2.781in 2

AS 1 f y 2.781 60
a = = = 5.453in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 12

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

5.453
0.9(2.781)(60)(22.5  )
= 2 = 247.45 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 247.45 k-ft

Effective flange width for L-beam behavior:

bf is lesser of the following:

l 15 12
iv) =  15in for exterior span
12 12
30 12
=  30in for interior span
12

v) 6h f  bw = 6 (7)+12 = 54in
Sc 13.5 12
vi) bw  = 12 + = 93in
2 2

Thus, bf = 15in for exterior span

= 30in for interior span


Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135 12  22.5  3.645in 2
Page 56 of 116
AS 1 f y 3.645  60
a = = = 2.859in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  30

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

2.859
0.9(3.645)(60)(22.5  )
= 2 = 345.61 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 345.61 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033 12  22.5  0.891in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:`


Mu  = 60.6 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
60.6 12
= = 0.64in 2  Asmin
3
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

Thus, As = 0.668in 2
Use, 3 - #6.

For the DUCTILITY CHECK, I’ve seen all the previous beams that I’ve designed are well
below the TENSION CONTROL FAILURE LINE (Beams are ductile). Now, no need to apply
check again and again.
Design for positive moment in interior span:
Mu  = 264.49 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in

Page 57 of 116
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
264.49 12
= = 2.798in 2
3
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2

AS f y 2.798  60
a = = = 2.194in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  30

(Assumption is correct)
264.49 12
As = = 2.75in 2
2.194
0.9(60)(22.5  )
2
Use, 4 - #8

Design for negative moment at exterior support:


Mu  = 53.02 k-ft
Flange is under tension:
b = 12in
d = 22.5in
Mu 53.02 12
R = =  0.105
bd 2 12(22.5) 2

 <  min
Thus, As = 0.891in 2
Use, 3 - #6.

Design for negative moment at interior support:

= 380.86 k-ft > b Mn = 247.45 k-ft



Mu 

Design as doubly reinforced section of size 12in×25in.


d' = 2.5in
d = 22.5in
Page 58 of 116
= Mu   b Mn = 133.11k-ft

M2

Assuming compression steel is yielding:


M2 133.1112
AS 2 = = = 1.48in 2
0.9 f y ( d  d ') 0.9(60)(22.5  2.5)

87( a  1d ') 87(5.454  0.85  2.5)


fs ' = =
a 5.454

= 53.14 ksi < f y

fy 60
As2revised = As2 = 1.48  = 1.67 in 2
fs ' 53.14

Thus, As = As1 + As2revised = 2.781+ 1.67 = 4.54 in 2

Use, 4 - #8 + 4 -#6 (Top bars)


3 - #8 ( Bottom bars)

Design for Shear:


1) Exterior Span:
Vu = 42.41k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 12  22.5


= = 22.18k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 42.41  22.18
Vs = =  26.97 k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  12  22.5
4 fc 'bw d =  59.15
1000
Vs < 59.51 OK.
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Page 59 of 116
Smax is smallest of the following.
Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 22in
50bw 50 12

d 22.5
ii) = = 11.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  22.5


iv) = = 11.01in
Vu  vVc 42.41  22.18

Provide:
l
i) #3@8 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@12 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
2) Interior Span:
Vu = 70.53k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 12  22.5


= = 22.18k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 70.53  22.18
Vs = =  64.47 k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  12  22.5
4 fc 'bw d =  59.15
1000
Vs > 59.15 ( OK )

Let use single loop #4 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.20  0.4in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.4  60000
i) = = 40in
50bw 50  12
Page 60 of 116
d 22.5
ii) = = 11.2in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.4  60  22.5


iv) = = 8.4in
Vu  vVc 70.53  22.18

Provide:
l
i) #4@4.5 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #4@8 " c/c in remaining middle portion.

Page 61 of 116
Design of B2:
Factored moments:

Exterior support Mu  = 41.01 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 46.9 k-ft

First Interior support Mu  = 65.63 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 59.66 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 41.01 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
13.5 12 13.5  12
= = 8.756in = = 7.14in
18.5 21
Say, h = 9in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 9in

d min for Mumax :

d min Mumax
=
0.205 fc ' b

65.63 12
=  11.93in
0.205  3  9

hmin = 11.93 + 2.5 = 14.42in


Thus,
h  16in
d  16  2.5  13.5in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy
Page 62 of 116
AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103  9 13.5  1.25in 2

AS 1 f y 1.25  60
a = = = 3.268in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  9

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

3.27
0.9(1.25)(60)(13.5  )
= 2 = 66.74 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 66.74 k-ft

Effective flange width for L-beam behavior:

bf is lesser of the following:

l 13.5 12
iv) =  13.5in
12 12

v) 6h f  bw = 6 (7)+9 = 51in
Sc 13.5  12
vi) bw  =9+ = 90in
2 2

Thus, bf = 13.5in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135  9 13.5  1.64in 2

AS 1 f y 1.64  60
a = = = 2.86in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 13.5

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

Page 63 of 116
2.86
0.9(1.64)(60)(13.5  )
= 2 = 89.1 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 89.1 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033  9 13.5  0.401in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:

Mu  = 46.9 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
46.9 12
= = 0.868in 2  Asmin
3
0.9(60)(13.5  )
2

Thus, As = 0.868in 2
Use, 3 - #6.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  2.3in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 13.5

a 2.3
c =   2.71in
1 0.85

c 2.71
=  0.2004  0.375 (OK)
d 13.5

Design for positive moment in interior span:

Mu  = 41.01 k-ft.

Page 64 of 116
This moment is even lesser than the previous that I just calculated the steel. So,
Use, 3 - #6
Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  2.3in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 13.5

a 2.3
c =   2.71in
1 0.85

c 2.71
=  0.2004  0.375 (OK)
d 13.5
Design for negative moment at exterior support:

= 41.01k-ft < b Mn = 66.74 k-ft



Mu  (OK)

Flange is under tension:


b = 9in
d = 13.5in
Mu 41.0112
R = =  0.3
bd 2 9(13.5) 2

 = 0.0061 >  min (OK)

Thus, As = 0.0061  9 13.5  .741in 2


Use, 3 - #6

Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  3.45in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  9

a 3.45
c =   4.1in
1 0.85

c 4.1
=  0.304  0.375 (OK)
d 13.5
Design for negative moment at interior supports:

= 65.63 k-ft < b Mn = 66.74 k-ft



Mu  (OK)

Flange is under tension:


Page 65 of 116
b = 9in
d = 13.5in
Mu 65.63 12
R = =  0.48
bd 2 9(13.5) 2

 = 0.01 >  min (OK)

Thus, As = 0.01 9 13.5  1.215in 2


3 - #6

Ductility Check:
AS f y 3(0.44)  60
a = =  3.45in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  9

a 3.45
c =   4.1in
1 0.85

c 4.1
=  0.304  0.375 (OK
d 13.5
Design for Shear:
Vu = 36.46k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000  9 13.5


= = 9.98k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 36.46  9.98
Vs = =  35.3k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  9  13.5
4 fc 'bw d =  26.62
1000
Vs > 26.61
Let use single loop #4 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.2  0.4in 2

Page 66 of 116
Smax is smallest of the following.
Av f y 0.4  60000
i) = = 53in
50bw 50  9

d 13.5
ii) = = 6.75in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.40  60  13.5


iv) = = 9.11in
Vu  vVc 36.46  9.8

Provide:
l
i) #4@4 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #4@10 " c/c in remaining middle portion.

Page 67 of 116
Design of B3:
Factored moments:

Exterior support Mu  = 75.33 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 86.1 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 501 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 405.95 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
15 12 30  12
= = 9.729in = = 17.143in
18.5 21
Say, h = 18in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 15in

dmin for Mu  in Interior span :

d min Mu
=
0.205 fc ' b

405.95 12
=  22.98in
0.205  3 15

hmin = 22.98 + 2.5 = 25.47in


Thus,
h  27in
d  27  2.5  24.5in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy

Page 68 of 116
AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103 15  24.5  3.79in 2

AS 1 f y 3.79  60
a = = = 5.94in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 15

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

5.94
0.9(3.79)(60)(24.5  )
= 2 = 367.2 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 367.2 k-ft

Effective flange width for T-beam behavior:

bf is lesser of the following:

l 15 12
vii) =  45in for exterior span
4 4
30 12
=  90in for interior span
4

viii) 16h f  bw = 16 (7)+15 = 127in


ix) S = 13.5 15 = 202.5in

Thus, bf = 45in for exterior span

= 90in for interior span


Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in interior spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135 15  24.5  4.96in 2

AS 1 f y 4.96  60
a = = = 1.29in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

Page 69 of 116
a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

1.29
0.9(4.96)(60)(24.5  )
= 2 = 532.44 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 532.44 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033 15  24.5  1.21in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:


Mu  = 86.1 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
86.112
= = 0.832in 2  Asmin
3
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2

Thus, As = 1.21in 2
Use, 3 - #6.

Design for positive moment in interior span:


Mu  = 405.95 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
405.95 12
= = 3.92in 2
3
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2
Page 70 of 116
AS f y 3.92  60
a = = = 1.024in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

(Assumption is correct)
405.95 12
As = = 3.761in 2
1.024
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2
Use, 5 - #8

Design for negative moment at exterior support:


Mu  = 75.33 k-ft
Flange is under tension:
b = 15in
d = 24.5in
Mu 75.22 12
R = =  0.1
bd 2 15(24.5) 2

 <  min
Thus, As =  1.21in 2
Use, 3 - #6.

Design for negative moment at interior support:

= 501 k-ft < b Mn = 367.2 k-ft



Mu 

Design as doubly reinforced section of size 15in×27in.

d' = 2.5in
d = 24.5in

= Mu   b Mn = 133.8k-ft

M2

Assuming compression steel is yielding:


M2 133.8 12
AS 2 = = = 1.352in 2
0.9 f y ( d  d ') 0.9(60)(24.5  2.5)

Page 71 of 116
87( a  1d ') 87(5.94  0.85  2.5)
fs ' = =
a 5.94

= 55.87 ksi < f y

fy 60
As2revised = As2 = 1.352  = 1.452 in 2
fs ' 55.88

Thus, As = As1 + As2revised = 3.79+ 1.452 = 5.24 in 2

Use, 5 - #8 + 3- #6 (Top bars)


2 - #8 (Bottom bars)

Design for Shear:


. 1) Exterior Span:
Vu = 66.27k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 15  24.5


= = 30.19k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 66.27  30.19
Vs = =  48.10k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  15  24.5
4 fc 'bw d =  80.51
1000
Vs < 80.51 OK.
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 17.6in
50bw 50 15

Page 72 of 116
d 24.5
ii) = = 12.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  24.5


iv) = = 8.06in
Vu  vVc 60.27  30.19

Provide:
l
i) #3@5 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@8 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
2) Interior Span:
Vu = 108.25k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 15  24.5


= = 30.19k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 108.25  30.19
Vs = =  104.08k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  15  24.5
4 fc 'bw d =  80.51
1000
Vs > 80.51
Let use single loop #4 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.2  0.4in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.40  60000
i) = = 32in
50bw 50 15

d 24.5
ii) = = 12.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

Page 73 of 116
v Av f y d 0.75  0.40  60  24.5
iv) = = 5.64in
Vu  vVc 108.26  30.19

Provide:
l
i) #4@3 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #4@7 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
.

Page 74 of 116
Design of B4:
Factored moments:

Exterior support Mu  = 75.33 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 86.1 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 501 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 405.95 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
15 12 30  12
= = 9.729in = = 17.143in
18.5 21
Say, h = 18in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 15in

dmin for Mu  in Interior span :

d min Mu
=
0.205 fc ' b

405.95 12
=  22.98in
0.205  3 15

hmin = 22.98 + 2.5 = 25.47in


Thus,
h  27in
d  27  2.5  24.5in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy

Page 75 of 116
AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103 15  24.5  3.79in 2

AS 1 f y 3.79  60
a = = = 5.94in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 15

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

5.94
0.9(3.79)(60)(24.5  )
= 2 = 367.2 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 367.2 k-ft

Effective flange width for T-beam behavior:

bf is lesser of the following:

l 15 12
i) =  45in for exterior span
4 4
30 12
=  90in for interior span
4

ii) 16h f  bw = 16 (7)+15 = 127in


iii) S = 13.5 15 = 202.5in

Thus, bf = 45in for exterior span

= 90in for interior span


Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in interior spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135 15  24.5  4.96in 2

AS 1 f y 4.96  60
a = = = 1.29in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

Page 76 of 116
a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

1.29
0.9(4.96)(60)(24.5  )
= 2 = 532.44 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 532.44 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033 15  24.5  1.21in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:


Mu  = 86.1 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
86.112
= = 0.832in 2  Asmin
3
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2

Thus, As = 1.21in 2
Use, 3 - #6.

Design for positive moment in interior span:


Mu  = 405.95 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
405.95 12
= = 3.92in 2
3
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2
Page 77 of 116
AS f y 3.92  60
a = = = 1.024in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  90

(Assumption is correct)
405.95 12
As = = 3.761in 2
1.024
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2
Use, 5 - #8

Design for negative moment at exterior support:


Mu  = 75.33 k-ft
Flange is under tension:
b = 15in
d = 24.5in
Mu 75.22 12
R = =  0.1
bd 2 15(24.5) 2

 <  min
Thus, As =  1.21in 2
Use, 3 - #6.

Design for negative moment at interior support:

= 501 k-ft < b Mn = 367.2 k-ft



Mu 

Design as doubly reinforced section of size 15in×27in.

d' = 2.5in
d = 24.5in

= Mu   b Mn = 133.8k-ft

M2

Assuming compression steel is yielding:


M2 133.8 12
AS 2 = = = 1.352in 2
0.9 f y ( d  d ') 0.9(60)(24.5  2.5)

Page 78 of 116
87( a  1d ') 87(5.94  0.85  2.5)
fs ' = =
a 5.94

= 55.87 ksi < f y

fy 60
As2revised = As2 = 1.352  = 1.452 in 2
fs ' 55.88

Thus, As = As1 + As2revised = 3.79+ 1.452 = 5.24 in 2

Use, 5 - #8 + 3- #6 (Top bars)


2 - #8 (Bottom bars)

Design for Shear:


. 1) Exterior Span:
Vu = 66.27k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 15  24.5


= = 30.19k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 66.27  30.19
Vs = =  48.10k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  15  24.5
4 fc 'bw d =  80.51
1000
Vs < 80.51 OK.
Let use single loop #3 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.11  0.22in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.22  60000
i) = = 17.6in
50bw 50 15

Page 79 of 116
d 24.5
ii) = = 12.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.22  60  24.5


iv) = = 8.06in
Vu  vVc 60.27  30.19

Provide:
l
i) #3@5 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #3@8 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
2) Interior Span:
Vu = 108.25k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 15  24.5


= = 30.19k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 108.25  30.19
Vs = =  104.08k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  15  24.5
4 fc 'bw d =  80.51
1000
Vs > 80.51
Let use single loop #4 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.2  0.4in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.40  60000
i) = = 32in
50bw 50 15

d 24.5
ii) = = 12.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

Page 80 of 116
v Av f y d 0.75  0.40  60  24.5
iv) = = 5.64in
Vu  vVc 108.26  30.19

Provide:
l
i) #4@3 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #4@7 " c/c in remaining middle portion.

Page 81 of 116
Design of B5:
Factored moments:

Exterior support Mu  = 434.84 k-ft

Exterior span Mu  = 496.96 k-ft

Interior support Mu  = 645 k-ft

Interior span Mu  = 434.84 k-ft


Minimum Depth of beam for deflection control:
Exterior Span Interior Span
l l
h= h=
18.5 21
27 12 27 12
= = 17.51in = = 15.42in
18.5 21
Say, h = 18in to keep the deflections in control.
Width of web:

bw = 18in

dmin for Mu  in Exterior span :

d min Mu
=
0.205 fc ' b

496.96 12
=  23.2in
0.205  3 18

hmin = 23.2 + 2.5 = 25.7in

Thus,

h  27in
d  27  2.5  24.5in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section at supports:

 max 2 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0103
7 fy
Page 82 of 116
AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0103 18  24.5  4.54in 2

AS 1 f y 4.54  60
a = = = 5.93in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3 18

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

5.93
0.9(4.54)(60)(24.5  )
= 2 = 439.96 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 439.96 k-ft

Effective flange width for T-beam behavior:

bf is lesser of the following:

l 27 12
iv) =  81in
4 4

v) 16h f  bw = 16 (7)+18 = 130in


vi) S = 13.5 12 = 162in

Thus, bf = 81in

Maximum capacity as singly reinforced section in interior spans:

 max 3 fc '
= 0.851   = 0.0135
8 fy

AS 1 =  max bd
= 0.0135 18  24.5  5.95in 2

AS 1 f y 5.95  60
a = = = 1.7in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  81

a
b Mn  = b AS 1 f y (d  )
2

Page 83 of 116
1.7
0.9(5.95)(60)(24.5  )
= 2 = 633.22 k-ft
12

b Mn  = 633.22 k-ft

Minimum steel ratio:

 min =
200

200
 0.0033
fy 60000

Asmin = 0.0033 18  24.5  1.455in 2

Design for positive moment in exterior span:


Mu  = 496.96 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
496.96 12
= = 4.8in2  Asmin (OK)
3
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2

AS f y 4.8  60
a = = = 1.394in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  81

(Assumption is correct)
496.96 12
As =
1.394
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2

Thus, As = 4.64in 2
Use, 6- #8.

Design for positive moment in interior span:


Mu  = 434.84 k-ft
Assume, a = 3in

Page 84 of 116
Mu
As =
a
b f y (d  )
2
434.84 12
= = 4.20in 2  Asmin (OK)
3
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2

AS f y 4.20  60
a = = = 1.22in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  3  81

(Assumption is correct)
434.84 12
As =
1.22
0.9(60)(24.5  )
2

Thus, As = 4.044in 2
Use, 6- #8.

Design for negative moment at exterior support:


Mu  = 434.84 k-ft
Flange is under tension:
b = 18in
d = 24.5in
Mu 434.84 12
R = =  0.483
bd 2 18(24.5) 2

 = 0.01 >  min (OK)

Thus, As =  0.0118  24.5  4.41in 2


Use, 4 - #8 + 3 - #6

Design for negative moment at interior support:

= 645k-ft > b Mn = 439.96 k-ft



Mu 

Design as doubly reinforced section of size 18in×27in.

d' = 2.5in
Page 85 of 116
d = 24.5in

= Mu   b Mn = 205.04k-ft

M2

Assuming compression steel is yielding:


M2 205.04 12
AS 2 = = = 2.07in 2
0.9 f y ( d  d ') 0.9(60)(24.5  2.5)

87( a  1d ') 87(5.93  0.85  2.5)


fs ' = =
a 5.93

= 55.82 ksi < f y

fy 60
As2revised = As2 = 2.07  = 2.23 in 2
fs ' 55.82

Thus, As = As1 + As2revised = 4.54+ 2.23 = 6.77 in 2

6 - #8 + 5 - #6 (Top bars)
Use, 3 - #8 (Bottom bars)

Design for Shear:

. 1) Exterior Span:
Vu = 186.1k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 18  24.5


= = 36.23k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 186.1  36.23
Vs = =  199.82k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  18  24.5
4 fc 'bw d =  96.62
1000
Vs > 96.62

Page 86 of 116
Let use double loop #4 stirrups,

Av = 4  0.2  0.8in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Av f y 0.80  60000
i) = = 53.34in
50bw 50 18

d 24.5
ii) = = 12.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.80  60  24.5


iv) = = 5.88in
Vu  vVc 186.1  36.23

Provide:
l
i) 2#4@3 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii)2#4@7 " c/c in remaining middle portion.
2) Interior Span:
Vu = 120k

vVc = 0.75(2 fc 'bw d )

0.75  2 3000 18  24.5


= = 36.23k < Vu
1000
Shear Reinforcement is required.
(Vu  vVc ) 120  36.23
Vs = =  111.7k
v 0.75

If Vs  4 fc 'bw d , then x-sectional dimensions are OK.

4 3000  18  24.5
4 fc 'bw d =  96.62k
1000
Vs > 96.62
Let use single loop #4 stirrups,

Av = 2  0.2  0.4in 2

Smax is smallest of the following.


Page 87 of 116
Av f y 0.40  60000
i) = = 26.67in
50bw 50 18

d 24.5
ii) = = 12.25in
2 2
iii) 24 in = 24in = 24in

v Av f y d 0.75  0.40  60  24.5


iv) = = 5.264in
Vu  vVc 120  36.23

Provide:
l
i) #4@3 " c/c utpo from both supports.
3
ii) #4@7 " c/c in remaining middle portion.

Page 88 of 116
DESIGN OF COLUMNS
Design of C1:
Basement & GF:
Pu = 950k

Mu x = 122.39k-ft

Mu y = 114.18k-ft

Let’s design the column by Reciprocal Load Method:


Pu  0.6Mux  0.6Mu y
Ag trail =
0.5 fc ' 0.01 f y

950  0.6(122.39 114.81)


=  420in 2
0.5  4  0.01 60
Let, The selected section is 18'' 24''

Ag = 18  24  432in 2 y
Let,  = 0.025

Ast = 0.025  432  10.8in 2


Bending about Y-axis: X x
18  2(2.5) 24in
 =  0.65 0.6
20
Mu y 114.18  12
ex = =  1.44in 18in
Pu 950
ex 1.44
=  0.08
h 18
Pnyo
 0.95  Pn yo = 0.95  4  432  1641k
fc ' Ag

Pno
= 1.2  Pno = 1.2  4  432  2073k
fc ' Ag

Bending about X-axis:


24  2(2.5)
 =  0.79  0.7
24
Page 89 of 116
Mu x 122.39 12
ey = =  1.54in
Pu 950
ey 1.54
=  0.064
h 24
Pnxo
 0.96  Pnxo = 0.96  4  432  1658k
fc ' Ag

Pno
= 1.2  Pno = 1.2  4  432  2073k
fc ' Ag

1 1 1 1
  
Pn Pnxo Pnyo Pno

1 1 1 1
=   = 7.3 104 k 1
Pn 1641 1658 2073
Pn = 1369k > Pu. (OK).
Provide 14 - #8 longitudinal bars.

Lateral ties Reinforcement:


Let the bar used, #3.
3
Diameter of spiral d sp = in
8
Spacing of the ties = least of the:

i) 16 dlb = 16 1  16in
3
ii) 48 dtb = 48   18in
8
iii) Least dimension = 18in
iv) 12in = 12in
Provide 2 - #3 ties at 6inch c/c.

1stF & 2ndF:


Pu = 500k

Mu x = 194.3k-ft

Page 90 of 116
Mu y = 117.3k-ft

Let’s design the column by Reciprocal Load Method:


Pu  0.6Mux  0.6Mu y
Ag trail =
0.5 fc ' 0.01 f y

500  0.6(194.3 117.9)


=  265in 2
0.5  4  0.01 60
Let, The selected section is 18'' 20''

Ag = 18  20  360in 2 y
Let,  = 0.025

Ast = 0.025  360  9in 2


Bending about Y-axis: X x
18  2(2.5) 20in
 =  0.72 0.7
18
Mu y 117.3 12
ex = =  2.82in 18in
Pu 500
ex 2.82
=  0.156
h 18
Pnyo
 0.75  Pn yo = 0.75  4  360  1080k
fc ' Ag

Pno
= 1.2  Pno = 1.2  4  360  1728k
fc ' Ag

Bending about X-axis:


20  2(2.5)
 =  0.75  0.7
20
Mu x 194.3 12
ey = =  4.66in
Pu 500
ey 4.66
=  0.233
h 20
Pnxo
 0.6  Pnxo = 0.6  4  360  864k
fc ' Ag

Page 91 of 116
Pno
= 1.2  Pno = 1.2  4  360  1728k
fc ' Ag

1 1 1 1
  
Pn Pnxo Pnyo Pno

1 1 1 1
=   = 1.5  103 k 1
Pn 1080 864 1728
Pn = 664k > Pu. (OK).
Provide 12 - #8 longitudinal bars.

Lateral ties Reinforcement:


Let the bar used, #3.
3
Diameter of spiral d sp = in
8
Spacing of the ties = least of the:

i) 16 dlb = 16 1  16in
3
ii) 48 dtb = 48   18in
8
iii) Least dimension = 18in
iv) 12in = 12in
Provide 2 - #3 ties at 6inch c/c.

Page 92 of 116
Design of C2:
Pu = 301.25k

Mu x = 34.53k-ft

Mu y = 69.87k-ft

Let’s design the column by Reciprocal Load Method:


Pu  0.6Mux  0.6Mu y
Ag trail =
0.5 fc ' 0.01 f y

301.25  0.6(34.53  69.87)


=  140in 2
0.5  4  0.01 60
Let, The selected section is 15''15'' y

Ag = 15 15  225in 2
Let,  = 0.025

Ast = 0.025  225  5.625in 2 15in 15in x


Bending about Y-axis:
15  2(2.5) 15in
 =  0.67  0.6
12
Mu y 69.87 12
ex = =  2.78in
Pu 301.25
ex 2.78
=  0.185
h 15
Pnyo
 0.7  Pn yo = 0.7  4  225  630k
fc ' Ag

Pno
= 1.19  Pno = 1.19  4  225  1071k
fc ' Ag

Bending about X-axis:


15  2(2.5)
 =  0.67 0.6
15
Mu x 34.53 12
ey = =  1.375in
Pu 301.25

Page 93 of 116
ey 1.375
=  0.09
h 15
Pnxo
 0.92  Pnxo = 0.92  4  225  826k
fc ' Ag

Pno
= 1.19  Pno = 1.19  4  225  1071k
fc ' Ag

1 1 1 1
  
Pn Pnxo Pnyo Pno

1 1 1 1
=   = 1.86 103 k 1
Pn 630 826 1071
Pn = 536k > Pu. (OK).
Provide 8 - #8 longitudinal bars.

Lateral ties Reinforcement:


Let the bar used, #3.
3
Diameter of spiral d sp = in
8
Spacing of the ties = least of the:

i) 16 dlb = 16 1  16in
3
ii) 48 dtb = 48   18in
8
iii) Least dimension = 15in
iv) 12in = 12in

Provide 2 - #3 ties at 10inch c/c.

Page 94 of 116
Design of C3:
Basement & GF:

Pu = 1388k

Mu x = 109.6k-ft

Mu y = 78.76k-ft

Let’s design the column by Reciprocal Load Method:


Pu  0.6Mux  0.6Mu y
Ag trail =
0.5 fc ' 0.01 f y

1388  0.6(109.6  78.76)


=  577.31in 2
0.5  4  0.01 60

4A 4  577.31
D = =  27.11in
 3.14
D = 24in
Let assume,
D = 24 in

19
 =  0.792
24

Ag =  242  452.16in 2
4
Let,  = 0.025
 D = 24-5=19
Ast = 0.025  452.16  11.3in 2
Bending about Y-axis:
 = 0.8

Mu y 78.76 12
ex = =  0.68in
Pu 1388
ex 0.68
=  0.028
h 24
Pnyo
 1.04  Pn yo = 1.04  4  452.16  1880k
fc ' Ag
Page 95 of 116
Pno
= 1.2  Pno = 1.2  4  452.16  2170k
fc ' Ag

Bending about X-axis:


 = 0.8

Mu x 109.6 12
ey = =  0.947in
Pu 1388
ey 0.947
=  0.039
h 24
Pnxo
 1.04  Pnxo = 1.04  4  452.16  1880k
fc ' Ag

Pno
= 1.2  Pno = 1.2  4  452.16  2170k
fc ' Ag

1 1 1 1
  
Pn Pnxo Pnyo Pno

1 2 1
=  = 6.03 10 4 k 1
Pn 1880 2170
Pn = 1658k > Pu. (OK).
Provide 15 - #8 longitudinal bars.

Spiral Reinforcement:
Let the bar used, #4.
1
Diameter of spiral d sp = in
2
Concrete cover = 2.5in
Diameter of chore = 26  2  2.5 = 21in

Ag = 452.16 in 2
 
Ach = d ch2  192  283.4in 2
4 4

Page 96 of 116
2
1
3.14     60
 d sp f y
2
2
Smax =   3in
Ag 452.16
0.45d ch fc '(  1) 0.45 19  4(  1)
Ach 283.4

Provide #4 spiral at a pitch of 3inch c/c.

1stF & 2ndF:


Pu = 685.87k

Mu x = 187.18k-ft

Mu y = 154.43k-ft

Let’s design the column by Reciprocal Load Method:


Pu  0.6Mux  0.6Mu y
Ag trail =
0.5 fc ' 0.01 f y

685.87  0.6(187.18 154.43)


=  342.63in 2
0.5  4  0.01  60

4A 4  342.63
D = =  20.89in
 3.14
D = 22in
Let assume,
D = 22 in

17
 =  0.77
22

Ag =  222  380in 2
4
Let,  = 0.025
 D = 22-5=17
Ast = 0.025  380  9.5in 2
Bending about Y-axis:
 = 0.7

Page 97 of 116
Mu y 154.43 12
ex = =  2.7in
Pu 685.87
ex 2.7
=  0.123
h 22
Pnyo
 0.82  Pn yo = 0.82  4  380  1246.4k
fc ' Ag

Pno
= 1.2  Pno = 1.2  4  380  1824k
fc ' Ag

Bending about X-axis:


 = 0.7

Mu x 187.18 12
ey = =  3.27in
Pu 685.87
ey 3.27
=  0.148
h 22
Pnxo
 0.78  Pnxo = 0.78  4  380  1185.6k
fc ' Ag

Pno
= 1.2  Pno = 1.2  4  380  1824k
fc ' Ag

1 1 1 1
  
Pn Pnxo Pnyo Pno

1 1 1 1
=   = 1.097 103 k 1
Pn 1246.4 1185.6 1824
Pn = 911k > Pu. (OK).
Provide 12 - #8 longitudinal bars.

Spiral Reinforcement:
Let the bar used, #4.
1
Diameter of spiral d sp = in
2
Concrete cover = 2.5in

Page 98 of 116
Diameter of chore = 22  2  2.5 = 17in

Ag = 380 in 2
 
Ach = d ch2   17 2  226.86in 2
4 4
2
1
3.14     60
 d sp f y
2
2
Smax =   3in
Ag 380
0.45d ch fc '(  1) 0.45  17  4(  1)
Ach 226.86

Provide #4 spiral at a pitch of 3inch c/c.

Page 99 of 116
Design of Combined Footing

Fig 2: Foundation Schedule


Page 100 of 116
Design of F1:
P1 P2 P3 P4
27ft 27ft 27ft
1ft 1ft

83ft

Fig: Length and loading for footing


Solution:
L = 83ft
ton
qa =1 = 2.204ksf
ft 2

( P1 , P4 ) D L = 461.65kip

( P1 , P4 ) L L = 247kip

( P2 , P3 ) D L = 593.7kip

( P2 , P3 ) L L = 421.8kip

P = (461.65+247)×2+(593.7+421.8)×2 = 3448kip

 Pu = 4673kip

A f ,req = P =
3448
 1564.4 ft 2
qa 2.204

Af 1564.4
Width of footing (B) = =  18.84 ft
L 83
Say, B = 19ft

A f , provided = 19×83 = 1577 ft 2

Pu 4673
qu = A 
1577
 2.96ksf
f

Load per unit length of beam, wu = qu  B  2.96 19  56.24 kip / ft

Page 101 of 116


Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram:

950k 1388k 1388k 950k


1ft
27ft 27ft 27ft

56.24k/ft
916.8 765.3
56.6 613.7

613.7 765.3 56.6


916.8

4120.5 4120.5
28.3 28.3

1045.4
3278.3 3278.3

a) Design of Beam:
Let, width of beam, b = 24 + (3+3) = 30in
l 30  12
Depth of beam, h = =  18in
21 21
d = h  2.5 = 15.5in

4120.5 12
d min for singly reinforced section =  44.8in
0.205  4  26

hmin  44.8+2.5 = 47.33in

Thus, h = 48in
d = 45.5in

Design for Flexure


Top steel:
Exterior spans:
Mu = 3278.3 k-ft
Mu 3278.3 12
=  0.63
bd 2 30  45.52

Page 102 of 116


For , fc’ = 4ksi and fy = 60ksi
 = 0.0129

 min = 0.0033

As = 0.0129×30×45.5=17.5 in 2
Use, 22  #8 bars.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 22(0.79)  60
a = =  10.22in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  4  30

a 10.22
c =   12.03in
1 0.85

c 12.03
=  0.264  0.375 (OK)
d 45.5
Interior span:
Mu = 1045.4 k-ft
Mu 1045.4 12
=  0.202
bd 2 30  45.52
For , fc’ = 4ksi and fy = 60ksi
 = 0.0042

 min = 0.0033

As = 0.0042×30×45.5=5.8 in 2
Use, 8  #8 bars.
In interior span negative moment is less due to presence of heavier loads at middle of the beam. But
for compatibility, provide 11  #8 bars.
Ductility Check:
AS f y11(0.79)  60
a = =  5.11in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  4  30

a 5.11
c =   6.015in
1 0.85

Page 103 of 116


c 6.015
=  0.132  0.375 (OK)
d 45.5

Bottom steel:
Under the Interior Columns:
Mu = 4120.5 k-ft
Mu 4120.5 12
=  0.79
bd 2 30  45.52
For , fc’ = 4ksi and fy = 60ksi
 = 0.017

 min = 0.0033

As = 0.017×30×45.5=23.2 in 2
Use, 30  #8 bars.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 30(0.79)  60
a = =  13.94in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  4  30

a 13.94
c =   16.4in
1 0.85

c 16.4
=  0.36  0.375 (OK)
d 45.5
Under the Exterior Columns:
Provide minimum steel.
 min = 0.0033

As = 0.0033×30×45.5=4.5 in 2
Use, 6  #8 bars.

Design for Shear:


Value of design Shear force at critical section, d distance from face of column:
916.18
Vu =  (16.17  4.29) = 651.75k
16.17

vVc = 0.85  2 fc '  bwd


Page 104 of 116
0.85  2 4000  30  45.5
=  146.76 k
1000
Use, double loop stirrup of #4 bar.

Av = 4×0.2 = 0.8 in 2

Smax = least of the following

Av f y 0.8  60000
1) =  32in
50bw 50  30

d
2) = 22.75in
2
3) 24in = 24in
v Av f y d 0.85  0.8  60  45.5
4) =  3.67in
Vu  vVc 651.75  146.7

Provide #4 bar double loop stirrup@ 3.5 in c/c.

b) Design of Slab:
19  2.5
Cantilever length, l = = 8.25ft
2
Depth of slab:
For the estimation of the trail depth of footing slab, the one-way shear for unknown effective depth
may be equated to the applied shear at the edge of beam giving some additional margin of safety.
Say 20%.

0.8 vVc = qu  l

0.85  2 4000  12  d
0.8× = 2.96×8.25
1000
d = 23.5
h = 26in

2.96   9 
2
qu l 2
Mu = =  119.88k  ft
2 2
Mu 119.88 12
=  0.217
bd 2 12  23.52
 = 0.004
Page 105 of 116
 min = 0.003

As = 0.004×12×23.5 = 1.128 in 2
Use, #8 @ 8” c/c.
fy 60000
Development length for #8 bars = db = 1  47.43in  121in (OK)
20 fc ' 20 1 4000

Page 106 of 116


Design of F2:

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7
13.5ft 13.5ft 13.5ft 13.5ft 13.5ft 13.5ft

83ft

Fig: Length and loading for footing


Solution:
L = 83ft
ton
qa =1 = 2.204ksf
ft 2

( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 , P5 , P6, P7 ) D L = 164kip

( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 , P5 , P6 , P7 ) L L = 65kip

P = (164+65)×7= 1603kip

 Pu = 2108kip

A f ,req = P =
1603
 727.3 ft 2
qa 2.204

Af 727.3
Width of footing (B) = =  8.76 ft
L 83
Say, B = 9ft

A f , provided = 9×83 = 747 ft 2

Pu 2108
qu = A 
747
 2.82ksf
f

Load per unit length of beam, wu = qu  B  2.82  9  25.4 kip / ft

Page 107 of 116


Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram:

301k 301k 301k 301k 301k 301k


1ft
13.5ft 13.5ft 13.5ft 13.5ft 13.5ft

25.4k/ft
209.6 166.11 174.48 182.8 139.3
25.8
25.8
139.3 182.8 174.48 166.11 209.6
487.4 374.3 374.3 487.4
12.9 12.9

154 202.5 154


360.6 360.6

a) Design of Beam:
Let, width of beam, b = 15 + 3 = 18in
l 13.5 12
Depth of beam, h = =  8in
21 21
d = h  2.5 = 5.5in

487.4 12
d min for singly reinforced section =  19.9in
0.205  4 18

hmin  19.9+2.5 = 22.4in

Thus, h = 24in
d = 21.5in

Design for Flexure


Bottom Steel:
Mu = 487.4 k-ft
Mu 487.4 12
=  0.702
bd 2 18  21.52
For , fc’ = 4ksi and fy = 60ksi
 = 0.014

Page 108 of 116


 min = 0.0033

As = 0.014×18×21.5=5.82 in 2
Use, 8  #8 bars.
Ductility Check:
AS f y 8(0.79)  60
a = =  6.19in
0.85 fc 'b 0.85  4 18

a 6.19
c =   7.28in
1 0.85

c 7.28
=  0.339  0.375 (OK)
d 21.5

Top steel:
Mu = 360.6 k-ft
Mu 360.6 12
=  0.52
bd 2 18  21.52
For , fc’ = 4ksi and fy = 60ksi
 = 0.012

 min = 0.0033

As = 0.012×18×21.5=4.06 in 2
Use, 6  #8 bars.

Design for Shear:


Value of design Shear force at critical section, d distance from face of column:
209.6
Vu = (8.11  2.42)  147 k
8.11

vVc = 0.85  2 fc '  bwd

0.85  2 4000 18  21.5


=  41.6k
1000
Use, single loop stirrup of #4 bar.

Av = 2×0.2 = 0.4 in 2

Page 109 of 116


Smax = least of the following

Av f y 0.4  60000
1) =  22in
50bw 50  21

d
2) = 10.75in
2
3) 24in = 24in
v Av f y d 0.85  0.4  60  21.5
4) =  4in
Vu  vVc 147  41.6

Provide #4 bar single loop stirrup@ 4 in c/c.

b) Design of Slab:
Cantilever length, l = 9×12  (21+12) = 75in
Depth of slab:
For the estimation of the trail depth of footing slab, the one-way shear for unknown effective depth
may be equated to the applied shear at the edge of beam giving some additional margin of safety.
Say 20%.
0.8 vVc = qu  l

0.85  2 4000  12  d 75
0.8× = 2.82×
1000 12
d = 17.5
h = 20
2
 75 
2 2.82   
Mu
ql
= u =  12   55k  ft
2 2
Mu 55 12
=  0.18
bd 2 12 17.52

 = 0.00367 >  min

As = 0.00367×12×17.5 = 0.77 in 2
Use, #8 @ 10” c/c.
fy 60000
Development length for #8 bars = db = 1  47.43in  60in (OK)
20 fc ' 20 1 4000
Page 110 of 116
Design of F3:
Though there is no need of F3 for structural requirement but to provide lateral fixity to F1 & F2 and to
tackle the DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT F3 is provided.
Beam:
h = 36in
b = 22in
Flexural Reinforcement:
Top steel: 12  #8
Under the columns: 10  #8

Shear Reinforcement:
#4 @ 5inch c/c.
Slab:
h = 20in
width = 8feet.
Reinforcement: #8@inch c/c.

Page 111 of 116


DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL
Wall need to be designed against shear and bending, only. As the wall is monolithically
connected to a very rigid thick base slab, so it’s safe against sliding and overturning.

9in

NSL surcharge = 500psf

  30
H = 6feet Ps
  120 pcf
3’
Pb 2’
O
Base Slab

Lateral Loads Calculation:


Let’s assume 1foot depth into the page.
Surcharge Loading:
S = 500psf

1  sin  1  sin 30
Ka =   0.33
1  sin  1  sin 30

PS =  S K a H  500  0.33  6  990lbs

Backfill Loading (active pressure):


1 1
Pb =  K a H 2  120  0.33  62  712.8lbs
2 2

Page 112 of 116


Factored Loads:
PuS = 1.6  990  1.58K

Pub = 1.6  712.8  1.14k

Factored Bending Moments about point O:

Mu S = 1.584  3 12  57k-in

Mub = 1.14  2 12  27.36k-in

Let thickness of the wall = 9in


d = 92  7
d
Value of moment at critical section, distance from O.
2
57
Mus d = (3  0.292)  51.45k  in
2
3

27.36
Mubd = (2  0.292)  23.36 k  in
2
2

Mu = 51.45+23.36 = 74.81k-in

Mu
d min =
0.205 fc ' b

74.81
=  2.757in  9in (OK)
0.205  4 12
Thus, Thickness of wall = 9in

Shear Check:
Critical shear at d-distance from O.
Vu = 1.584+1.14 = 2.724k

vVc = v 2 fc 'bd

0.75  2 4000 12  7


=  7.96k  Vu (OK)
1000
Flexural Design of Stem:
Mu 74.81
R =   0.1271
bd 2 12  7 2
Page 113 of 116
 = 0.0025

As = 0.0025 12  7  0.21in 2

Asmin = 0.0018 12  9  0.194in 2

As > Asmin (OK)


Use, #3 @ 6inch c/c

Page 114 of 116


DESIGN OF STAIRS

5foot 10@ 7inch = 5'10"

UP 5foot

UP 5foot

l = 5' 5'10"  10'10"


l 10 12  10
hmin considering one end continuous  =  5.42inch  6inch
24 24
d = 5inch
Loads Calculation:
Dead Loads

6 R2  T 2 72  102
R.C. slab = 150  75   91.55 psf
12 T 10
R 150 7 150
Weight of steps =  =   43.75 psf
2 12 2 12
1
1inch floor finish =  120  10 psf
12

qD = 145.3psf

Live Loads
qL = 200psf

Factored slab loads:


qu = 1.2(145.3)  1.6(200)  494.36 lb / ft  ft

Factored Bending Moment:

Page 115 of 116


1 1 494.36
Mu = qul 2   1302  1000  69.62k  in
10 10 12

Mu 69.62
d min for singly reinforced section = =  3.07in
0.205 fc ' b 0.205  3 12

Thus, h = 6inch

Reinforcement Calculation:
69.62
R =  0.232
12  52

 = 0.0046 > min  0.0018 (OK)

As = 0.0046 12  5  0.276in 2


Use, #6 @ 8inch c/c

Temperature Reinforcement:

As = 0.0018 12  6  0.129in 2


Use, #3 @ 10inch c/c

Page 116 of 116

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