25 Bolt Threads

BOLT THREADS Page 25 - 1
Threads versus Strength of Bolt

EXHAUST STACK 25 Christy
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03:26
ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

384879769.xls
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
BOLT THREADS
ROOT
DIAMETER
NET AREA
DIAMETER
GROSS
DIAMETER
17/24 H
H/8
H = 0.866 P P/8
PITCH
Figure 25-1 Bolt threads and bolt body. row 40
Reference: AISC 9th Edition Part 4 - 3 tension on gross area

Section J - 3, page 5 - 72 and some common sense
D 1.2500 in American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
D threads 1.2191 in
n 7 threads/inch
pitch 0.1429 in distance between threads 1.5000
H 0.1237 in 0.866 P
H/6 0.0206 in
H/8 0.0155 in row 50
K root 1.0747 in diameter to thread roots 1.0000
A tensile 0.9691 in2

D tensile 1.1108 in
pitch_angle 2.2785 degrees 0.5000
0.0000
-1.5000 -1.0000 -0.5000 0.0000 0.5000 1.0000 1.5000
-0.5000
-1.0000
row 70
-1.5000
Figure 25-3 The thread cross-section.
You will note that this manual contains only examples

Figure 25-2 The bolt thread spiral and templates.
from an AUTOCad DRAWING. There are no problems or example problems, just

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opportunities to do engineering and make a living.
row 80

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BOLT STRENGTH
Shear Across Bolt

D 1.25 in gross diameter
n 7 count number of threads per inch
Grade A354 Gr. BD type AISC Values D thread
Ft 44 ksi Fu * 0.33 row 90
A gross 1.227 in2 π * (D /2)²

3.14 * (1.250 /2)²
K root
V gross 54.0 k on gross section of bolt
44 * 1.227
A threads 0.969 in2 =0.7854*(D - 0.9743 /n)²

0.7854 * (1.250 - 0.9743 /7)²
row 100
V threaded 42.6 k at threaded portion of bolt
44 * 0.969
Figure 25-4 This is a cut through an elevation and the resulting

section showing the area of the thread(s).
BOLT GRADE VALUES

Calculated Values AISC Values
Grade Fy Fu Ft Fv =0.17Fu Fv =0.22Fu Ft Fy threads Fy row 110
yield ultimate threads in plane in plane gross
A36 36 58 19.14 9.86 12.76 19.1 9.9 12.8 carbon,
carbon steel with/without head
A307 60 19.8 10.2 13.2 20 10 13.2 quenched
carbon,steel with head
carbon
&
quenched
alloy,
A325 to 1" Grade 5, B7 92 120 39.6 20.4 26.4 44 21 30
tempered
&
quenched
A325-1 1 1/8" to 1 1/2" 81 105 34.65 17.85 23.1 44 17.9 23.1 steel with
tempered
&
A490 Grade 8, 1/2" to 1 1/2" 120 150 49.5 25.5 33 54 28 40 head
steel with
tempered
A354 Gr. BD 1/2" to 2 1/2" 120 150 49.5 25.5 33 54 28 40 alloy,
head quenched & tempered
steel with
steel
head with/without head
AISI 304 SS 65 100 33 17 22 stainless steel
row 120
A36 can be purchased at the hardware store as allthread rod.
A354 Grade BD is usually specified as interchangeable with A490 bolts. A354 Gr. BD is often
furnished as a high-strength anchor bolt and is also used in high temperature conditions, like head bolt head
your car engine's head bolts. n number of threads
Values Calculated per the AISC Ninth Edition -- Thread Stripping Shear
Grade A325 type AISC Values
Ft 44 ksi tension
Fv 21 ksi shear through threads in plane Shear row 130
D gross 1.25 in gross diameter of bolt

n 7 threads/inch FORCE
H 0.124 in
K root 1.075 in least diameter
w thread 0.1071 in actual width of thread pitch - pitch/4
F/thread 5.698 k/thread Fv * area of thread in shear
21 ksi * 0.75 * 0.1071 inch* 1.075 in * π
Shear row 140
Threads 7 n threads provided
actual width of thread 0.1071"
T threads 39.88 k 7 threads * 5.698 k pitch = 1/n = 0.143"
T gross 54.00 k A gross * Ft

1.227 * 44 Figure 25-5 Stripping shear through the bolt threads.
T threads 42.64 k A threads * Ft

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0.969 * 44
row 150

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SUMMARY
Diameter 1.2500 in gross diameter
n 7 count number of threads per inch
Grade A325
Ft 44 ksi tension
Fv 21 ksi shear
Thread Stripping Shear

Threads 7 n threads provided row 160
T stripping 39.88 k stripping capacity
Bolt Tension
T gross 54.00 k on gross section of bolt
T threads 42.64 k at threaded portion of bolt
Shear Across Bolt

V gross 54.0 k on gross section of bolt row 170
V threaded 42.6 k at threaded portion of bolt
Loads
T required 35.60 k
V required 1.38 k sum of wind pressure at 35.6 mph during vortex shedding
row 180
COMBINED LOADS FOR THE UNITY EQUATION
For Shear and Tension on Threaded Portion of the Bolt

T governs 39.88 k min(39.88, 42.64)
Parabolic Curve
Temsion Shear Sum
(35.60 /39.88)² + (1.4 /42.6)² = 0.797 + 0.001
0.797 + 0.001 = 0.798
row 190
Straight Line
(35.60 /39.88) + (1.4 /42.6) = 0.893 + 0.032
0.893 + 0.032 = 0.925 Figure 25-6 Tension and shear through the bolt threads.
For Shear Through the Unthreaded Portion of the Bolt

and Tension on Threaded Portion of the Bolt
Parabolic Curve row 200

Temsion Shear Sum
(35.60 /39.88)² + (1.4 /54.0)² = 0.797 + 0.001
0.797 + 0.001 = 0.797
Straight Line
(35.60 /39.88) + (1.4 /54.0) = 0.797 + 0.026
0.797 + 0.026 = 0.822 Figure 25-7 Tension and shear through the bolt body.
row 210

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row 220

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BOLT THREADS AISC Ninth Edition First Printing (7/89)
Ft Ft Thread Fv * area Ft/ thread

Area tension on tension on Shear of thread per thread
Diameter Root Gross Root Tensile Threads gross threaded Plane in shear Threads length
bar stock K AD AK Stress per inch Pitch (nominal) (net area) length plane Required required H
inch inch in2 in2 in2 n in k k in k n inch in
1/4 0.189 ### ### ### 20 0.050 ### ### 0.0375 0.351 ### ### 0.043
3/8 0.298 ### ### ### 16 0.063 ### ### 0.0469 0.691 ### ### 0.054
1/2 0.406 ### ### ### 13 0.077 ### ### 0.0577 1.159 ### ### 0.067
5/8 0.514 ### ### ### 11 0.091 ### ### 0.0682 1.734 ### ### 0.079
3/4 0.627 ### ### ### 10 0.100 ### ### 0.0750 2.327 ### ### 0.087
7/8 0.739 ### ### ### 9 0.111 ### ### 0.0833 3.047 ### ### 0.096
1 0.847 0.7854 0.551 0.606 8 0.125 34.6 24.2 0.0938 3.929 8.80 1.099 0.108
1 1/8 0.950 0.994 0.693 0.763 7 0.143 43.7 30.5 0.1071 5.036 8.68 1.241 0.124
1 1/4 1.075 1.227 0.890 0.969 7 0.143 54.0 39.1 0.1071 5.699 9.47 1.354 0.124
1 3/8 1.171 1.485 1.054 1.155 6 0.167 65.3 46.4 0.1250 7.243 9.02 1.503 0.144
1 1/2 1.296 1.767 1.294 1.405 6 0.167 77.8 56.9 0.1250 8.016 9.70 1.617 0.144
1 3/4 1.505 2.405 1.744 1.899 5 0.200 105.8 76.7 0.1500 11.170 9.47 1.895 0.173
2 1.727 3.142 2.300 2.498 4.5 0.222 138.2 101.2 0.1667 14.242 9.71 2.157 0.192
Comparison of Published and Calculated Threaded Areas

Values in the AISC Ninth Edition, First Printing (7/89) vary from
the formula 0.7854*(D -1.3 /n)² for the root area AK. The
difference between the first and second AISC printings is shown row 250
below and in the graph. ICE calculations equal the revised
AISC values. 3.000
2.500
AISC AISC 1st ed
Diameter Threads ICE (7/89)
bar stock per inch AK AK 2.000
inch n in² in² % difference
Old values
1.500
Area
0.25 20 0.027 0.032 16.0 row 260

0.375 16 0.068 0.078 13.1 Revised values
0.5 13 0.126 0.142 11.5 1.000
0.625 11 0.202 0.226 10.7
0.75 10 0.302 0.334 9.6
0.875 9 0.419 0.462 9.3 0.500
1 8 0.551 0.606 9.1
1.125 7 0.693 0.763 9.2
0.000
1.25 7 0.890 0.969 8.2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
1.375 6 1.054 1.16 9.2
1.5 6 1.294 1.41 8.3 Diameter row 270
1.75 5 1.744 1.90 8.2 Figure 25-8 VERIFICATION GRAPH
2 4.5 2.300 2.50 8.0
The diagram shown in the AISC Ninth Edition and previous

editions is inaccurate. The gross diameter of the bolt threads is
never as great as the bolt stock from which they were cut or
rolled.
row 280

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row 290

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BOLT GRADES
A354 Grade BD bolt stock is the same as

A490 headed bolts and bolt mark
SAE Grade 8 bolts
Threaded bolt stock may be marked BD or with the

six spoke symbol.
row 300
high strength
Figure 25-9 The old bolt mark for Grade BD bolts. nut grade
Figure 25-10 An older bolt with the spokes and initials

representing Portland Bolt Company.
row 310
STEEL GRADES
Steels Grade Yield Tensile Range
A36 36 58 - 80 carbon steel
A53 35 60 min
A500 A 33 45 min
A500 B 42 58 min
A501 36 58 min
A529 50, 55 42 60 - 85 carbon steel
A572 42 42 60 min high strength, low alloy
A572 50 50 65 min row 320
A588 < 4" 50 70 min high strength, low alloy
A709 36 36 58 - 80
A709 50 50 65 min ASTM established A992 in 1998 to replace/upgrade A36 and A572 grade 42
A709 50W 50 70 min and is commonly provided in lieu of A36.
A913 50 50 65 min
A992 50 65 A992 is produced in the US from recycled steel and scrap in arc furnaces.
Bolt to be Installed row 330
row 340
Figure 25-11 The 1 1/2" Ø bolt in an epifoam insulation sleeve is shown row 350
here with a 10 Lb. hammer and hit wrench. The surveyor's rod is used for
reference.
Epifoam sleeves, pipes, and plastic pipes are used to prevent concrete bond with
the bolt. This allows bolt stretch during impact events. The bolt can be pretensioned
with the hit wrench or a large impact hammer. Calculate the turn of the nut versus

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the length of the bolt between the nuts.
row 360

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GRAPHING RANGES
K root diameter D threads 1.5000

Sine Cosine x y z x y z
0 1 0 1.0747 0.0000 0.0000 1.2191 0.0000 0.0000
0.1736482 0.9848078 1 1.0584 0.1866 0.0079 1.2006 0.2117 0.0079
1.0000
0.3420201 0.9396926 2 1.0099 0.3676 0.0159 1.1456 0.4169 0.0159
0.5 0.8660254 3 0.9308 0.5374 0.0238 1.0557 0.6095 0.0238
0.6427876 0.7660444 4 0.8233 0.6908 0.0317 0.9339 0.7836 0.0317
0.5000
0.7660444 0.6427876 5 0.6908 0.8233 0.0397 0.7836 0.9339 0.0397
0.8660254 0.5 6 0.5374 0.9308 0.0476 0.6095 1.0557 0.0476
0.9396926 0.3420201 7 0.3676 1.0099 0.0556 0.4169 1.1456 0.0556
0.0000
0.9848078 0.1736482 8 0.1866 1.0584 0.0635 0.2117 1.2006 0.0635
-1.5000 -1.0000 -0.5000 0.0000 0.5000 1.0000 1.5000
1 6.123E-17 9 0.0000 1.0747 0.0714 0.0000 1.2191 0.0714
0.9848078 -0.173648 10 -0.1866 1.0584 0.0794 -0.2117 1.2006 0.0794
0.9396926 -0.34202 11 -0.3676 1.0099 0.0873 -0.4169 1.1456 0.0873 -0.5000
0.8660254 -0.5 12 -0.5374 0.9308 0.0952 -0.6095 1.0557 0.0952
0.7660444 -0.642788 13 -0.6908 0.8233 0.1032 -0.7836 0.9339 0.1032
0.6427876 -0.766044 14 -0.8233 0.6908 0.1111 -0.9339 0.7836 0.1111 -1.0000
0.5 -0.866025 15 -0.9308 0.5374 0.1190 -1.0557 0.6095 0.1190
0.3420201 -0.939693 16 -1.0099 0.3676 0.1270 -1.1456 0.4169 0.1270
0.1736482 -0.984808 17 -1.0584 0.1866 0.1349 -1.2006 0.2117 0.1349 -1.5000
1.225E-16 -1 18 -1.0747 0.0000 0.1429 -1.2191 0.0000 0.1429
-0.173648 -0.984808 19 -1.0584 -0.1866 0.1508 -1.2006 -0.2117 0.1508 Figure 25-12 This is a graph of bolt
-0.34202 -0.939693 20 -1.0099 -0.3676 0.1587 -1.1456 -0.4169 0.1587 threads relative to the gross round-bar
-0.5 -0.866025 21 -0.9308 -0.5374 0.1667 -1.0557 -0.6095 0.1667 stock diameter and thread pitch.
-0.642788 -0.766044 22 -0.8233 -0.6908 0.1746 -0.9339 -0.7836 0.1746
-0.766044 -0.642788 23 -0.6908 -0.8233 0.1825 -0.7836 -0.9339 0.1825
-0.866025 -0.5 24 -0.5374 -0.9308 0.1905 -0.6095 -1.0557 0.1905 row 390
-0.939693 -0.34202 25 -0.3676 -1.0099 0.1984 -0.4169 -1.1456 0.1984
-0.984808 -0.173648 26 -0.1866 -1.0584 0.2063 -0.2117 -1.2006 0.2063
-1 -1.837E-16 27 0.0000 -1.0747 0.2143 0.0000 -1.2191 0.2143
-0.984808 0.1736482 28 0.1866 -1.0584 0.2222 0.2117 -1.2006 0.2222
-0.939693 0.3420201 29 0.3676 -1.0099 0.2302 0.4169 -1.1456 0.2302
-0.866025 0.5 30 0.5374 -0.9308 0.2381 0.6095 -1.0557 0.2381
-0.766044 0.6427876 31 0.6908 -0.8233 0.2460 0.7836 -0.9339 0.2460
-0.642788 0.7660444 32 0.8233 -0.6908 0.2540 0.9339 -0.7836 0.2540
-0.5 0.8660254 33 0.9308 -0.5374 0.2619 1.0557 -0.6095 0.2619
-0.34202 0.9396926 34 1.0099 -0.3676 0.2698 1.1456 -0.4169 0.2698 row 400
-0.173648 0.9848078 35 1.0584 -0.1866 0.2778 1.2006 -0.2117 0.2778
-2.449E-16 1 36 1.0747 0.0000 0.2857 1.2191 0.0000 0.2857
0.1736482 0.9848078 37 1.0584 0.1866 0.2937 1.2006 0.2117 0.2937
row 410
row 420

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BOLT THREADS Page 25 - 1

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Reference: AISC 9th Edition Part 4 - 3 tension on gross area

A tensile 0.9691 in2

You will note that this manual contains only examples

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Shear Across Bolt

A gross 1.227 in2 π * (D /2)²

A threads 0.969 in2 =0.7854*(D - 0.9743 /n)²

Figure 25-4 This is a cut through an elevation and the resulting

BOLT GRADE VALUES

D gross 1.25 in gross diameter of bolt

T gross 54.00 k A gross * Ft

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Thread Stripping Shear

Shear Across Bolt

For Shear and Tension on Threaded Portion of the Bolt

For Shear Through the Unthreaded Portion of the Bolt

Parabolic Curve row 200

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Ft Ft Thread Fv * area Ft/ thread

Comparison of Published and Calculated Threaded Areas

0.25 20 0.027 0.032 16.0 row 260

The diagram shown in the AISC Ninth Edition and previous

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

A354 Grade BD bolt stock is the same as

Threaded bolt stock may be marked BD or with the

Figure 25-10 An older bolt with the spokes and initials

Bolt to be Installed row 330

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

K root diameter D threads 1.5000

Threads versus Strength of Bolt

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET

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