Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ministry of Health
Malaysia
Contents
Make It Safe For Kids 4
Prime Safety Tips 5
Preparing For Baby’s Arrival 6
When Baby Arrives 7
Feeding Safety 8
Toy Safety 9
When Baby Begins To Explore 10
When Child Is Able To Understand 11
15 Safety Tips You Can Teach Your Child 11
Safety In The Living Room 12
Safety In The Kitchen 13
Safety In The Bedroom 14
Safety In The Bathroom 15
When You Are Not Around 16
Recognising An Emergency 16
First Aid Kit Must-Haves 19
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 20
TECHNICAL TASKFORCE The ‘Make It Safe For Kids’ Manual was produced for the Malaysian Paediatric
Chairman Association by VersaTrend Sdn Bhd. No part of this publication may be
Professor Dr Zulkifli Ismail reproduced without the written consent of the Malaysian Paediatric
Consultant Paediatrician Association. Any reproduction, whether in part or in full, must be attributed to
the ‘Make If Safe For Kids’ campaign by the Malaysian Paediatric Association.
Members
Dr Rosnah Ramly
The reprinting of this booklet is made possible with the support and assistance
Principal Assistant Director
from Health Education Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Violence and Injury Prevention Unit
Ministry of Health A Word To Readers
Professor Dr R. Krishnan The information and advice in this manual are relevant to boys and girls.
Consultant Paediatrician & Family Throughout the manual, we shall be using both the masculine noun ‘he’ and
Physician feminine noun ‘she’ interchangeably. This manual is intended only as a guide
Dr Shyam Ishta Puthucheary and not as a substitute for medical advice, where required.
Consultant Paediatrician
Dr Mary Joseph Marret For further information and media enquires, please call the MISK Secretariat:
Consultant Paediatrician VersaTrend Sdn Bhd, 12A, Jalan PJS 8/4, Mentari Plaza, Bandar Sunway,
Yam Phak Hong 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Tel No: (03)56211408
Johnson & Johnson Sdn Bhd Email: versatrend@versa-group.com
Honorary Advisor Acknowledgements
Dato’ Dr Shafie Ooyub The Malaysian Paediatric Association and the MISK Technical Taskforce would
Deputy Director General Public like to thank:
Health • Malton Berhad
Ministry of Health • Metrojaya Berhad
The Malaysian Paediatric Association does not endorse any • Dr Lim Wei Leng
brand or product.
Message from
MISK Chairman
Under the best circumstances, bringing up a child is not an easy task. As your
child begins to crawl and explore, the home surrounding can be truly
dangerous as they are not aware of the danger the home surrounding can
pose to them. As a result, children below the age of 4 are at a higher risk of
injuries at home compared to motor vehicle injuries. It is a sad fact that some
home injuries can cause children to be badly injured or may even be fatal.
But with careful planning and adjustments, you can make your home a safe
home for children to live in. As parents, you can avoid some of the worst
injuries at home through some simple preventive measures.
Realising the need for child injury prevention knowledge and exposure,
Malaysian Paediatric Association (MPA) initiated a public education
campaign on child injury prevention known as Make It Safe for Kids (MISK),
a campaign made possible with a philantropic grant from Johnson &
Johnson.
This manual has been planned and written to bring forth the objective of
providing parents with the appropriate knowledge on safety measures and
precautionary techniques to avoid injuries from happening to their children
at home. Throughout this book, the word ‘accident’ is substituted with
‘injury’ because the former has a ring of inevitability and inability to prevent.
On the other hand, injury denotes a disease entity that can be prevented.
And, prevention is the ultimate aim of this manual.
So, with careful planning and adjustments, you can child-proof your home
making it safe for children to live in. Learn how to protect your children
from home injuries with simple tips in this manual. Children’s safety,
Parents priority!
4
Prime Safety Tips
1. Never leave your 5. Make sure the 10. Stop smoking.
baby or child alone or electrical wiring in Smoking is bad for
locked in a room. your house is safe. Do health. It can also
2. Store all detergents, not overload outlets or cause fire and burns.
cleaning products, run wiring under rugs. 11. Never leave kids
bleach and other Ensure that there is no near water
damage to the outer unattended. This
cover of the electrical includes the bathtub.
wire. Children can drown
6. Use plug socket in just a few
covers to prevent your centimetres of water.
child 12. Have an escape
from route out of the
sticking house in case of fire,
her that everyone in the
fingers house, including
potentially harmful or other children, knows
chemicals out of objects into electrical about. Determine an
children’s reach or in outlets. assembly point
a locked cabinet. 7. Wipe or mop up any outside the exit.
Never put them in spillage on the floor
other containers that 13. Store all medications
immediately to in a locked cabinet,
kids can mistake for prevent slips and falls.
food or drink. far from children’s
8. Keep a properly reach. Never leave
3. Keep small jewellery, stocked first aid kit in them on the kitchen
perfumes and your house and make table or bedside
colognes, belts, sure other adults in tables. Never tell a
scarves and ties out of the house know child that medicines
reach to prevent where it is are “sweets”. Never
choking and kept. take your medicines
strangulation. in front of your
9. Try to have at
4. While cooking, least one fire children.
whether in the kitchen extinguisher
or outside (barbecues, and smoke
‘kenduri’ and such), detector in the
do not allow children house. Follow
to be near the cooking its proper
area at any time. maintenance
Flammables such as and service
matches and candles schedules.
should be kept out of
reach of children.
5
Preparing for
Baby’s Arrival
Before a newborn baby comes home, remove or fix possible household hazards. Start
with the basic precautions. As the baby develops, modify them regularly.
A cot is the safest place for baby to sleep. ‘Sarong cots’ or ‘buai’ and
beds are unsafe as baby is at serious risk of falling out.
Height of cot
All cots have 2 or 3 adjustable heights. You start with the mattress base at the
highest and lower it as your baby grows. On the highest level, the distance
from the top of the mattress to the top of the cot side should measure not less
than 30 centimetres.
5. Install cot bumpers all around the cot, and attach each bumper to the cot with
safety straps to ensure a tight fit.
6
6. Check that the cot has a durable, non-toxic
finish which will not harm your child.
7. Do not use plastic mattress pads. The plastic can
cling to her face and cause suffocation.
8. Do not place the cot near windows, curtains,
lamps, electrical cords and appliances (such as
fans) or any other piece of furniture that your
child can use to climb out of a cot.
Feeding Safety
1. Breast milk gives your baby the
best nutrition and protects against
infection.
2. If you are breastfeeding, avoid
alcohol. Only take drugs
prescribed by your doctor and
inform your doctor first that you
are breastfeeding.
could be hotter than the bottle
3. Never leave a baby to feed itself, which can burn your baby’s
unattended with a bottle propped mouth. Trapped steam inside a
in his mouth. He may choke. Do bottle could also cause it to burst.
not let your baby sleep with a milk
8. Pacifiers are not encouraged
bottle in his mouth. Apart from the
because they can cause damage to
risk of choking, this habit also
teeth alignment. If your baby uses
causes tooth decay.
a pacifier make sure that the shield
4. Use a clean bottle with freshly on the pacifier is large enough to
prepared milk for every feed. prevent your baby from putting the
Do not keep the balance of entire pacifier in his mouth.
unfinished milk for the next feed.
9. Prevent choking. Train children to
It will grow bacteria that will make
sit when eating. Teach them to
your baby ill.
chew and swallow their food
5. Warm the bottle by putting it in a before talking or laughing. Never
pot of hot water. allow a child
6. Test the milk’s to walk, run
temperature by or play when
shaking a few drops he has food
onto the inside of in his mouth.
your wrist.
7. Never warm a bottle
in the microwave
oven. The milk
8
Toy Safety
1. When shopping for toys, keep in
mind the child’s age, interests and
abilities. • Toys with fluffy and longish hair
2. Give your child toys that are age- or fur that may trigger an
appropriate. A toy intended for an allergic reaction.
older child may be dangerous in • Toys with rotating blades or
the hands of a younger one. motors.
3. Remove and discard all packaging 08. Supervise children when they
from a toy before giving it to your play and set good examples
child. of safe play (no hitting,
4. Do not leave toys on the stairs or throwing, etc.)
on the floor. Teach children to put 09. Make sure that batteries in toys
their toys away and set up a safe are properly installed and do not
storage place for the toys. allow a child to sleep with a
5. Choose toys that are non-toxic and battery-operated toy.
non-flammable. 10. Check your children’s toys
6. Ensure that the toy’s eyes, fur, regularly. Make any repairs
buttons, body paint and other parts immediately or throw away
do not come off or peel off easily. damaged or broken ones.
9
When
Baby
Begins
to
Explore
With every passing day baby
becomes more alert and interested in
his surroundings. The new-found
mobility and curiosity will give rise to
a different set of safety concerns. 3. Set cot mattress at the lowest
Unsteady legs can lead to tumbles and position by the time your baby
falls and curious hands may touch and learns to stand. Adjust the height of
reach for potentially dangerous items. the top rail as well so that baby
While nothing can replace adult cannot climb out.
supervision, simple changes can help 4. Move your child to a bed when
make the home safe for baby. she is 87 centimetres tall or the
1. Parents should crawl on hands and height of the top rail is less than
knees through each room to see 75 percent of her height. (source:
from the baby’s perspective and American Academy of Pediatrics –
identify potential hazards. Some Infant Furniture Safety)
areas may need locks, latches, 5. Baby walkers are dangerous. It is
guards or other safety advisable not to use them. Baby
improvements. You may notice walkers give baby mobility before
small objects on the floor that may he is ready and can make him
attract baby. more prone to potentially fatal
2. When your baby can stand up, injuries such as falls, burns and
remove pillows and toys from the scalds. Please note that walkers
cot. Your baby can step on these do not make baby walk earlier
things to climb out of the cot or faster.
and fall.
10
When Child is Able
to Understand
By the time your child reaches pre- 5. When she is able to read, write the
school age, she has accomplished a following text on a note and post it
great number of skills – talking, walking, next to the phone. In an emergency,
running and playing. She is also learning the child should be prepared to read
to reason. Take the time to teach and the following:
explain safety rules that the child can
understand and follow.
“My name is _____________________
1. Teach her the 15 Safety Tips.
I live at _________________________
2. Teach her how to use the telephone.
3. Teach the child to dial the emergency My phone number is ______________
phone numbers only in urgent We have an emergency.”
situations.
4. Teach the child her name, address
and phone number
13
Safety in the
BedRoom
1. Use safety latches or door knob 6. Make sure the top and bottom bunk
covers on closet doors to prevent have a guardrail next to the wall
your child from becoming trapped and at both ends of the bed. The
inside closets. top bunk should also have a
2. Secure any unstable furniture to the guardrail on the outer side.
wall. Generally if it is taller than it is 7. Check to make sure guardrails
wide, it should be secured. extend at least 12 centimetres above
3. Keep the cot, the mattress.
beds and other 8. Make sure the mattresses are well
furniture away secured.
from windows. 9. Do not allow children to play on
Use window bunk beds.
grilles and
secure them so 10. Install smoke detectors outside the
that they will not door. The alarm should be loud
open more than enough for you to hear when you
10 centimetres. are in the room. Test it regularly
and replace the batteries at least
4. Always cover the wastebasket in the twice a year.
bedroom. Never place dangerous
materials such as plastic 11. Ensure that there is an exit/escape
bags, small or sharp items route in case of a fire. One window
in the wastebasket. grille should be able to be opened
from the inside. Determine an
5. If you are using bunk assembly area for the whole family
beds for your children, in case of an emergency.
never allow children
younger than 6 years
old to sleep in the
top bunk.
14
Safety in
the Bathroom
1. Keep the door to the bathroom and temperature
toilet closed at all times. should be
2. Do not allow your child to go to the pleasantly warm.
bathroom or toilet alone. Always Bathtub
make sure the child is accompanied thermometers
by an adult. If possible, use locks on are also
toilet seats to prevent a child from available to
falling in headfirst and drowning. test water
temperature.
3. Never leave your child alone
in a bath or near any water 6. When bathing infants,
such as a pail, wading cradle the child in
pool or toilet for any one arm and use the
reason or for any amount free hand to wash
of time. A child can the baby.
drown in less than 7. Use a rubber mat or a towel in
2.5 centimetres the base of a bathtub to help
of water. prevent the baby from sliding.
4. When preparing for 8. Do not place electrical
baby’s bath always add appliances near sinks, tubs
cold water first, then or toilets.
hot. Never add water to 9. Empty pails containing water
the tub while your baby immediately after using them to
is in it. If you need to add prevent accidental drowning.
more water, remove the baby first.
Be sure to test the water before 10. Put basins and pails out of reach
placing the baby back in the tub. so that a child can’t fill them
up herself.
5. Test the temperature of the bath
water with your elbow before 11. Water filled containers should be
placing your baby into the tub. The securely covered.
15
When You
are not Around
With busy lives and demanding careers, safety concerns with the childminder
some parents may not be able to look if you feel that there are
after their children all the time. Some improvements to be made.
parents may need to send their children
3. Give the childminder all your
to babysitters or nurseries during
telephone numbers to call in case of
working hours. Others may employ live-
an emergency.
in maids or leave the children with the
grandparents. In this manual, these 4. If your child is sick and taking
people will be collectively known as medication, write down the times the
‘childminders’. It becomes their job to medication should be given and the
protect your child’s safety when you are dosage. Inform the childminder if
not around you have given the medication
earlier in the day to avoid
1. Always leave your child in the care overdosing.
of a responsible adult. Older children
should not be given the responsibility 5. Tell the childminder about any special
to look after the younger ones. medical condition your child may
have, such as asthma or epilepsy.
2. Make sure that the person who is Make sure you explain how an event
looking after your child also such as asthma attacks or a seizure
practices good safety habits. Discuss should be handled.
Recognising an
Emergency
Falls • The absence of movement abilities
that your baby previously had before
If your child falls and you are worried
the injury (e.g. crawling or walking)
that he may have a head injury or a
broken bone, watch him carefully for: • Blood or watery discharge from
ears/nose
• Disorientation
• A seizure after the injury
• More than one or two episodes of
vomiting • Eye pupils unequal in size
• Unusual sleepiness/difficulty
Should he have any of the above signs,
awakening
take him to hospital immediately.
16
What To Do In An Emergency What To Do In An Emergency
19
How to Make A Splint
A splint is a first aid, short-term treatment for an injured body part. The purpose of
a splint is to protect a wounded body part from further damage until you get
medical help. It is important to check for good circulation after the injured body
part has been immobilized.
1. First, find something that is rigid, movement of the joints above and
such as a piece of wood, a stick, or the joints below the injured area, if
rolled up newspaper. you can. Sometimes this will be
impossible because of the location
2. Place the object against the injured
of the injury
body part.
6. Once the splint has been secured,
3. Wrap tape around the object and
use devices such as belts or cloth
the body part to hold them
strips to tie in place. To avoid
together.
stopping blood flow, do not make
4. Attempt to splint injuries in the knots and ties too tight.
position in which they are found.
7. Check often after the splint is in
Do not try to straighten or realign
place to make sure that the blood
the injured body part.
flow is not cut off.
5. Extend the splint beyond the
8. Seek medical attention.
injured area. Try to prevent
Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR can save a child’s life if his heart • Unresponsiveness, with no evidence
stops beating or he has stopped of effective breathing
breathing for any reason – drowning, • Extreme difficulty in breathing
poisoning, suffocation, choking. It is
• Blue lips or skin
most successful if given immediately
after the heart or breathing stops. • Severe wheezing
• Drooling, or difficulty in swallowing
Danger signs that may alert you that CPR with trouble breathing
might be needed: • Extreme paleness
20
DETERMINE RESPONSE
YES NO
(Opens his eyes, • Ask for help
wakes up, cries) • Lie him down on his back
• Tilt his head back and lift
Let the child rest his chin
BREATHING
(Watch, listen and feel the
nose or mouth for breathing)
YES NO
BLOOD CIRCULATION
(Feel for his pulse at the right
or left side of the neck)
YES NO
21
Emergency Numbers / JOHOR
Sultanah Aminah Hospital 07-223 1666
Muar Hospital 06-952 1901
Police & Ambulance 999 Batu Pahat Hospital 07-434 1999
Fire Department 994 Segamat Hospital 07-943 3333
From mobile phone to any Emergency numbers 112 Kluang Hospital 07-772 3333
National Poison Centre 04-6570 099
St. John’s Ambulance PAHANG
– KL City 03-9200 4755 Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital 09-513 3333
– Klang Valley 03-3371 5005 Pekan Hospital 09-422 3333
TERENGGANU
Government Hospitals Kuala Terengganu Hospital
Dungun Hospital
09-623 3333
09-844 3333
Besut Hospital 09-697 1200
WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN
Kuala Lumpur Hospital 03-2692 1044 KELANTAN
Putrajaya Hospital 03-8888 0080 Kota Baharu Hospital 09-748 5533
Pasir Mas Hospital 09-790 9333
SELANGOR
Tengku Ampuan Rahimah
Hospital 03-3372 3333
Kajang Hospital 03-8736 3333 Private Hospitals /
Banting Hospital 03-3187 1333
Sungai Buloh Hospital 03-6156 1321 JOHOR
Sabak Bernam Hospital 03-3216 3333 Johor Specialist Hospital 07-223 7811
Puteri Spec. Hospital 07-223 3377
PERLIS Century Med. Centre (J) 07-331 1722
Kangar Hospital 04-976 3333 Southern Hospital 07-431 7333
Pelangi Medical Centre 07-333 1263
KEDAH Hospital Penawar 07-252 1800
Alor Setar Hospital 04-730 3333 Medical Specialist Centre (JB) 07-224 3888
Sungai Petani Hospital 04-421 3333 Pusat Pakar Kluang Utama 07-771 8999
Kulim Hospital 04-490 3333
Langkawi Hospital KEDAH
04-966 3039 Klinik Mata & Pembedahan
PULAU PINANG Sandhu 04-421 5089
Pulau Pinang Hospital 04-229 3333 Kedah Medical Centre 04-730 8878
Seberang Jaya Hospital 04-398 3333 Putra Medical Centre 04-734 2888
Bukit Mertajam Hospital 04-538 3333 Metro Specialist Hospital 04-423 8888
Balik Pulau Hospital 04-866 9333 Strand Hospital & Retirement
Home Sdn Bhd 04-442 8888
PERAK
Ipoh Hospital 05-253 3333 KELANTAN
Taiping Hospital 05-808 3333 Pusat Rawatan Islam An-Nisa 09-744 6023
Kuala Kangsar Hospital 05-776 3333 Kota Bharu Medical Centre 09-743 3399
Tanjung Malim Hospital 05-459 8146 Perdana Specialist Hospital 09-745 8000
Sri Manjung Hospital 05-688 1333
Teluk Intan Hospital 05-621 3333 MELAKA
Hospital Pantai Ayer Keroh 06-231 9999
NEGERI SEMBILAN Mahkota Medical Centre 06-281 3333
Seremban Hospital 06-7623 3333 The Southern Hospital 06-283 5888
Port Dickson Hospital 06-662 6333
NEGERI SEMBILAN
MELAKA N.S.Chinese Mat.Hospital 06-762 2104
Melaka Hospital 06-282 2344 Columbia Asia Medical Centre 06-601 1988
Nilai Cancer Institute 06-850 0999
PAHANG WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN – KUALA LUMPUR
S.T.Chong Mat. & Surgery 09-567 2928 Selayang Hospital 03-6136 7788
Kuantan Specialist Hospital 09-567 8588 Sentosa Medical Centre 03-4043 7166
Kuantan Medical Centre 09-514 2828 Tung Shin Hospital 03-2072 1655
Pantai Medical Centre 03-2282 5077
PERAK Lourdes Medical Centre 03-4042 5335
Hospital Fatimah 05-545 5777 Dato' Dr. Harnam ENT Clinic 03-4041 0092
Ipoh Specialist Hospital 05-251 8777 Sambhi Clinic & Nursing Home 03-2692 4594
Kinta Medical Centre 05-254 2166 Damai Service Hospital 03-4043 4900
Hospital Pantai-Putri 05-548 4333 Pusat Rawatan Islam 03-4041 4922
Pusat Pakar Rajindar Singh 05-621 1112 Roopi Medical Centre 03-4042 3766
Apollo Medical Centre 05-805 6000 Pusat Pakar Tawakal 03-4023 3599
Pantai Cheras Medical Centre 03-9132 2022
PULAU PINANG Taman Desa Medical Centre 03-7982 6500
Penang Adventist Hospital 04-226 1133 Gleneagles Intan Medical Centre 03-4257 1300
Mount Miriam Hospital 04-890 7044 Cheras Geriatric Centre 03-9132 5223
Gleneagles Medical Centre 04-227 6111 Apollo TTDI Medical Centre 03-7726 6911
Loh Guan Lye Spec. Centre 04-228 8501 Poliklinik Kotaraya 03-4108 4622
Peace Medical Centre 04-226 6032 Sentul Hospital 03-4041 6962
Lam Wah Ee Hospital 04-657 1888 Imran Ear Nose & Throat
Bagan Spec. Centre 04-332 2800 Specialist Hospital 03-2274 0599
Bukit Mertajam Specialist Hospital Pantai Indah 03-4278 2727
Hospital 04-538 7577
Island Hospital 04-228 8222
Hospital Pantai Mutiara
Hope Children Hospital
04-643 3888
04-228 6557
University Hospitals
Srigim Medical Centre 04-829 9188
Universiti Malaya Medical Centre 03-7956 4422
Tanjung Medical Centre 04-226 2323
Hospital UKM 03-9173 3333
Hospital USM 09-766 3000
SABAH
Sabah Medical Centre 088-424 333
Damai Spec. Centre 088-222 922
SARAWAK
Normah Medical Spec. Centre 082-440 055
Timberland Medical Centre 082-234 466
Columbia Asia Medical Centre 085-428 621
Miri City Medical Centre 085-426 622
SELANGOR
Assunta Hospital 03-7782 3433
Pantai Klang Specialist Centre 03-3372 5222
Tun Hussein Onn National
Eye Hospital 03-7956 1511
Subang Jaya Medical Centre 03-5634 1212
Ampang Puteri Specialist
Hospital 03-4270 2500
Damansara Specialist Hospital 03-7722 2692
Selangor Medical Centre 03-5543 1111
QHC Medical Centre 03-5631 7730
Sri Kota Medical Centre 03-3373 3636
Arunamari Specialist
Medical Center 03-3324 3288
Sunway Medical Centre 03-7491 9191
Kelana Jaya Medical Centre 03-7805 2111
Damansara Women's Specialist
Centre 03-7729 3199
Darul Ehsan Medical Centre 03-5880 8868
Damai Service Hospital
(Melawati) 03-4108 9900