FASE 2

PRESENTADO POR:
CRISTIAN DE LA CRUZ PONTON
COD. 1104124070

PRESENTADO A:

Freddy Alonso Herrera

GRUPO:

208046_82

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA (UNAD)

ALGEBRA LINEAL
2018
1. Se tienen los vectores ⃗u=2 i+4 j y ⃗v =−i−2 j

Halle:
a) La magnitud y la dirección de cada vector respecto al eje x y represéntelo en una
gráfica.
4
()
|u⃗|=√ 22+ 42 =2 √ 5=4,47, ∡ u⃗ =tan−1 =63,43°
2

|⃗v|=√ (−1 )2 + (−2 )2=√ 5=2,24, ∡ ⃗v =tan−1 ( 42 )−180=−116,56 °

b) El vector suma de u+v y el vector resta u-v

u⃗ + ⃗v =( 2i+ 4 j ) + (−i−2 j )
⃗u + ⃗v =2i+ 4 j−i−2 j
⃗u + ⃗v =2i−i+ 4 j−2 j
⃗u + ⃗v =( 2−1 ) i+ ( 4−2 ) j
⃗u + ⃗v =i+ 2 j

c) El producto escalar u.v

u⃗ ∙ ⃗v =( 2 i+ 4 j ) ∙ (−i−2 j )
⃗u ∙ ⃗v =( 2 ∙ (−1 ) ) + ( 4 ∙ (−2 ) )
 u⃗ ∙ ⃗v =−2+ (−8 )
⃗u ∙ ⃗v =−10

d) El ángulo entre los dos vectores

u⃗ ∙ ⃗v
cos θ=
|⃗u|∙|⃗v|
−10
cos θ=
( 2 √ 5 ) ∙ ( √5 )
−10
cos θ=
10
cos θ=−1
θ=cos−1 (−1 )
θ=180 °
2. Dadas las matrices:

| || |
4 −2 1 4 3
| |
A= 3 5 B= 5 0 C= 4 1 −2
1 4
4 2 6 −2 0

Calcule si es posible:
a) C.B.A

C( 3 ×3 ) ∙ B( 3 ×2) ∙ A (2 ×2 )=M (3 ×2 )

M =C ∙ B ∙ A= ( C ∙ B ) ∙ A

( )( )
1 4 3 4 −2
C ∙ B= 4 1 −2 ∙ 5 0
6 −2 0 4 2

( )
( 1 ∙ 4 )+ ( 4 ∙ 5 ) + ( 3 ∙ 4 ) ( 1∙ (−2 ) ) + ( 4 ∙ 0 )+ (3 ∙ 2 )
C ∙ B= ( 4 ∙ 4 ) + ( 1∙ 5 ) + ( (−2 ) ∙ 4 ) ( 4 ∙ (−2 ) ) + ( 1 ∙0 )+ ( (−2 ) ∙ 2 )
( 6 ∙ 4 ) + ( (−2 ) ∙5 )+ ( 0 ∙ 4 ) ( 6 ∙ (−2 )) + ( (−2 ) ∙ 0 ) + ( 0 ∙ 2 )

( )
36 4
C ∙ B= 13 −12
14 −12

( )(
36 4
( C ∙ B ) ∙ A= 13 −12 ∙ 3 5
14 −12
1 4 )
 ( )
( 36∙ 3 ) + ( 4 ∙ 1 ) ( 36 ∙5 )+ ( 4 ∙ 4 )
( C ∙ B ) ∙ A= ( 13 ∙ 3 ) + ( (−12 ) ∙ 1 ) ( 13∙ 5 ) + ( (−12 ) ∙ 4 )
( 14 ∙ 3 ) + ( (−12 ) ∙ 1 ) (14 ∙5 ) + ( (−12 ) ∙ 4 )

( )
112 196
( C ∙ B ) ∙ A=C ∙ B ∙ A= 27 17
30 22

b) DET(C)*DET(A)*B

| |
1 4 3
det C= 4 1 −2
6 −2 0
det C=( ( 1∙ 1∙ 0 )+ ( 4 ∙ (−2 ) ∙ 3 ) + ( 6 ∙ 4 ∙ (−2 ) ) ) −( ( 1 ∙ (−2 ) ∙ (−2 ) ) + ( 4 ∙ 4 ∙ 0 ) + ( 6 ∙ 1∙ 3 ) )
det C=( 0−24−48 )−( 4+0+ 18 )
det C=−72−22
det C=−94

det A= 3 5
1 4 | |
det A=( 3 ∙ 4 )−( 1∙ 5 )
det A=12−5
det A=7

( )
4 −2
( det C ) ∙ ( det A ) ∙ B= (−94 ) ∙ ( 7 ) ∙ 5 0
4 2

( )
−2632 1316
( det C ) ∙ ( det A ) ∙ B= −3290 0
−2632 −1316

c) C*B+B*A

( )
36 4
C ∙ B= 13 −12
14 −12
 ( )(
4 −2
B ∙ A= 5 0 ∙ 3 5
4 2
1 4 )

( )
( 4 ∙3 )+ ( (−2 ) ∙ 1 ) ( 4 ∙5 )+ ( (−2 ) ∙ 4 )
B ∙ A= (5 ∙ 3 ) + ( 0 ∙ 1 ) (5 ∙ 5 ) + ( 0 ∙ 4 )
( 4 ∙3 )+ ( 2∙ 1 ) ( 4 ∙5 )+ ( 2∙ 4 )

( )
10 12
B ∙ A= 15 25
14 28

( )( )
36 4 10 12
C ∙ B+ B ∙ A= 13 −12 + 15 25
14 −12 14 28

( )
46 16
C ∙ B+ B ∙ A= 28 13
28 16

d) Compruebe todas sus respuestas en Geogebra

 3. Sea la matriz:

( )
1 2 −1
A= 3 4 0
0 1 −4

Halle:
a) El determinante

| |
1 2 −1
det A= 3 4 0
0 1 −4
det A=( ( 1∙ 4 ∙ (−4 ) ) + ( 3 ∙1 ∙ (−1 ) ) + ( 0∙ 2 ∙0 ) )−( ( 0 ∙ 4 ∙ (−1 ) ) + ( 3∙ 2 ∙ (−4 ) ) + ( 1 ∙1 ∙ 0 ) )
det A=(−16−3+ 0 )−( 0−24 +0 )
det A=−19−(−24 )
det A=5

b) La matriz inversa empleado en método de Gauss Jordan

 (
1 2 −1 1 0 0
3 4 0 0 1 0
0 1 −4 0 0 1 | )
(
1 2 −1 1 0 0
F2 =F 2−3 F 1 , 0 −2 3 −3 1 0
0 1 −4 0 0 1 | )
1 0
(
2 −2 1 0
F1=F 1 + F2 , 0 −2 3 −3 1 0
0 1 −4 0 0 1 | )
(
1 0 2 −2 1 0
F3 ⇆ F 2 , 0 1 −4 0 0 1
0 −2 3 −3 1 0 | )
(
1 0 2 −2 1 0
F3 =F3 +2 F2 , 0 1 −4 0 0 1
0 0 −5 −3 1 2 | )
2
5 (
0 0 −5 −3
0
1 |
1 0 0 −16 /5 7 /5 4 / 5
F1=F 1 + F3 , 0 1 −4 0 1
2 )
4
(
1 0 0 −16/ 5 7/5
|
4/5
F2 =F 2− F 3 , 0 1 0 12/5 −4/ 5 −3 /5
5
0 0 −5 −3 1 2 )
( | )
1 0 0 −16 /5 7 /5 4 /5
−1
F3 = F 3 , 0 1 0 12/5 −4 /5 −3/5
5
0 0 1 3 /5 −1/5 −2/5

( )
−16/5 7 /5 4 /5
A−1= 12/5 −4 /5 −3 /5
3/5 −1 /5 −2/5

c) La matriz adjunta

( )
1 2 −1
A= 3 4 0
0 1 −4
 ( )
4
1 | | | || |
0
−4
−3
0
0
−4
3
0
4
1

( )
−16 12 3
A ¿= − 2
1 | | | | | |
−1
−4
1
0
−1
−4
−1
0
2 = 7
1 4
−4 −1
−3 −2
2
4 | | | || |
−1
0
−1
3
−1
0
1
3
2
4

( )
−16 7 4
adj A= 12 −4 −3
3 −1 −2

d) Compruebe todas las respuestas en Geogebra

4. Dados los puntos A(-3,5), B(5,-6) y C(-4, -6)

a) ¿Qué coordenadas tiene el punto P que equidista de los puntos A, B y C? Grafique

´ PC
ṔA= PB= ´

√ ( x−5 ) +( y−(−6 )) =√ ( x−(−4 ) ) + ( y−(−6 ) )

2 2 2 2
( x−5 )2 + ( y +6 )2 =( x+ 4 )2 + ( y +6 )2
2 2
x −10 x+25=x + 8 x +16
−18 x=−9
9
x=
18
1
x=
2

√ ( x−(−3 ) ) +( y−5 ) =√( x−5 ) + ( y−(−6 ) )

2 2 2 2

( x+ 3 )2+ ( y−5 )2= ( x −5 )2+ ( y+ 6 )2

2 2 2 2
x +6 x +9+ y −10 y+ 25=x −10 x+ 25+ y +12 y +36
16 x−22 y=27

−27−16 x
y=
22

−27−16 ( 1/2 )
y=
22

−19
y=
22

P ( 12 ,− 1922 )
 5. Calcule el valor de la inversa de la matriz dada usando dos métodos diferentes, y
compruebe su respuesta.

Método 1

|
A= 3 a
−b 4 |
(−b3 a4|10 01)
1
(
F1= F , 1 a/3 1/3 0
3 1 −b 4 0 1 | )
F2 =F 2 +bF 1 , 1 (
a /3 1 /3 0
0 (12+ ab ) /3 b / 3 1 | )
F1=F 1−
a
F ,
1 0
(
12+ab 2 0 ( 12+ab ) /3 |
4 /(12+ab) −a/(12+ab)
b /3 1 )
F2 =
3
F , 1 0
( |
4 /(12+ab) −a/(12+ab)
12+ab 2 0 1 b /(12+ab) 3/(12+ab) )
A−1= (4b /(12+ ab)
/(12+ab)
−a/(12+ ab)
3/(12+ ab))
Método 2

|
A= 3 a
−b 4 |
−1 adj A
A =
det A

(
A ¿= 4 b
−a 3 )
adj A= 4 −a
b 3 ( )
det A= 3 a
−b 4 | |
det A=( 3 ∙ 4 )−(−b ∙ a )
det A=12+ab

adj A 1
A−1= = 4 −a
det A 12+ ab b 3 ( )
A−1=
(4b /(12+ ab)
/(12+ab)
−a/(12+ ab)
3/(12+ ab))