Question Bank Unit I Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Vibrations: Type A

UE15ME352: Mechanical Vibrations, Unit I and II: Question Bank
PES University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
UE15ME352: Mechanical Vibrations
Question Bank
Unit I Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Vibrations
Type A:
1. Define Mechanical Vibrations
2. Define oscillation
3. Differentiate between vibration and oscillation
4. Give two examples each of the bad and the good effects of vibration
5. Name the elementary parts/parameters of a vibrating systems
6. Define number of degrees-of-freedom
7. Define discrete or lumped parameter systems
8. Define continuous or distributed systems
9. Differentiate between discrete and continuous system
10. List the advantages of discrete system over continuous system in vibration studies
11. List the classification of vibration
12. Define free vibration and forced vibration
13. Define undamped and damped vibration
14. Define Linear and non-linear vibration
15. Define deterministic and random vibration
16. List the steps involved in vibration analysis procedure
17. Write the free hand sketch of a motorcycle with a rider and show any three mathematical
model considered for vibration analysis
18. What is the role of spring elements in a vibration analysis
19. What is the role of mass or inertia elements in a vibration analysis
20. What is the role of damping elements in a vibration analysis
21. List the types of damping model
22. Define periodic motion
23. Define simple harmonic motion
24. Define natural frequency
25. Define cycle, amplitude and period of oscillation associate with vibration
26. Define phase angle
27. Define resonance
Dr. C V Chandrashekara, Professor and Lead: Design Domain, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, PESU, B’lore
Type B:
1. Figure 1 shows a forging hammer. Develop a sequence of two mathematical models of
the system for investigating vibration in the vertical direction. Consider the elasticity and
damping of the soil, elasticity and damping of the pad, masses of the foundation block
and anvil.
Fig. 1 Forging hammer
2. Figure 2 shows a human body and a restraint system at the time of an automobile
collision. Suggest a simple mathematical model by considering the elasticity, mass, and
damping of the seat, human body, and restraints for a vibration analysis of the system
Fig. 2 A human body and a restraint system
3. Figure 3 shows the suspension system of a freight truck with a parallel-spring

arrangement. Find the equivalent spring constant of the suspension if each of the three
helical springs is made of steel with a shear modulus ‫ = ܩ‬80 × 10ଽ ܰ/݉ଶ and has five
effective turns, mean coil diameter ‫ = ܦ‬20 ܿ݉, and wire diameter ݀ = 2ܿ݉
Fig. 3 Parallel arrangement of springs in a freight truck
4. Oil drum of diameter d and mass m floats in a bath of sea water of density ρw as shown in
Figure 4. Considering a small displacement x of the oil drum from its static equilibrium
position, determine the equivalent spring constant associated with the restoring force
Fig. 4 Oil drum floating in sea water
5. Figure 5 shows a three-stepped bar fixed at one end and subjected to an axial force F at
the other end. All the steps are made of the same material with Young’s modulus E. Find
the equivalent spring constant (or stiffness) of the stepped bar, keq in the axial direction so
that F = keq x
Fig. 5 A stepped bar subjected to axial force
6. Figure 6 shows three-stepped shaft fixed at one end and subjected to a torsional moment
T at the other end. All the steps are made of the same material with shear modulus G.
Find the equivalent spring constant (or stiffness) of the stepped shaft, kteq in the torsional
direction so that T = kteq θ
Fig. 6 A stepped shaft subjected to torsional moment

7. A rigid bar pivoted at point O is supporting three masses m1, m2 and m3 as shown in
Figure 7. Assume the location of the equivalent mass to be that of mass m2. If l1 = 1 m,
l2 = 2 m and l3 = 3 m; m1 = 2 kg, m2 = 3 kg and m3 = 4 kg and an equivalent spring of
stiffness 200 N/m is fixed vertically at m2. Find the natural frequency of the system.
Fig. 7 A rigid bar with three masses

8. A rack and pinion arrangement is shown in Figure 8. It is the interest of a designer to
estimate the natural frequency of the rack considering the pinion in place as shown. It is
known that mass of the rack, m = 30 kg, mass polar moment of inertia of the pinion, Jo
= 10 kg-m2 and radius of the pinion, R = 0.15m. Equivalent spring constant along the
rack is 1,200 N/m. Get the equation of motion for the system and estimate the natural
frequency.
Fig. 8 Rack and pinion arrangement
9. A rack and pinion arrangement is shown in Figure 9. It is the interest of a designer to

estimate the natural frequency of the pinion considering the rack in place as shown. It is
known that mass of the rack, m = 30 kg, mass polar moment of inertia of the pinion,
Jo = 10 kg-m2 and radius of the pinion, R = 0.15m. Equivalent torsional spring constant at
the centre of the pinion is 26 N-m/rad. Get the equation of motion for the system and
estimate the natural frequency.
Fig. 9 Rack and pinion arrangement
10. A harmonic motion has a frequency of 12 Hz and its maximum velocity is 3 m/s.
Determine it period, amplitude and maximum acceleration.
11. A simple harmonic motion has amplitude of 30 mm and a period of 2s. Determine the
maximum velocity and acceleration.
12. A harmonic motion has a frequency of 10 Hz and its maximum velocity is 2.5 m/s.
Determine its amplitude, period and maximum acceleration.
13. Find the sum of the two harmonic motions ‫ݔ‬ଵ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ = 2 cosሺ߱‫ ݐ‬+ 0.5ሻ and
‫ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ = 5 sinሺ߱‫ ݐ‬+ 1ሻ , using trigonometric relations
Unit I Chapter 2: Free vibration of single-degree-of-freedom Systems
Type A:
1. State the parameters corresponding to m, c, k and x for a torsional system and their units
2. What effect does a decrease in mass have on the frequency of a system
3. What effect does a decrease in the stiffness of the system have on the natural period
4. Why does the amplitude of free vibration gradually diminish in practical systems?
5. Is the frequency of a damped free vibration smaller or greater than the natural frequency
of the system?
6. What is the use of the logarithmic decrement?
7. What is critical damping and what is its importance?
8. What happens to the energy dissipated by damping?
9. Derive an expression for response of a single-degree-of-freedom undamped free
vibration spring-mass system
10. Derive an expression for response of a single-degree-of-freedom damped free vibration
spring-mass system
Type B:
1. Determine the natural frequency of a spring mass system, where the mass of the spring is
0.3 kg and stiffness of the spring is 10, 000 N/m and attached with a mass of 100 kg
2. If the length of a pendulum is increased by 4 times, what would be the change in its
natural frequency compared to original frequency?
3. A wooden rectangular prism 40 x 60 x 120 cm floats in a fluid, when disturbed vertically;
it has a period of 0.5 sec. Determine the fluid density. Mass of block is 50 kg
4. The exhaust from a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine is to be connected to a
silencer, and the pressure therein is to be measured with a simple U-tube manometer
shown in Figure 10. Calculate the minimum length of the manometer tube so that the
natural frequency of oscillation of the mercury column will be 3.5 times slower than the
frequency of the pressure fluctuations in the silencer at an engine speed of 600 rpm. The
frequency of pressure fluctuation in the silencer is equal to (Number of cylinders * Speed
of the engine)/2
Fig. 10 Simple U-tube manometer
5. An automobile wheel and tire are suspended by a steel rod 10 mm diameter and 2.5 m
long, and given a small angular displacement and released; it makes 15 oscillations in 45
seconds. Determine the moment of inertia of the wheel and tire. Take G = 80 GPa
6. Determine the equation of motion and natural frequency of a simple pendulum with two
springs as shown in Figure 11.
Fig. 11 Simple Pendulum System with two springs
7. Determine the equation of motion and find the natural frequency the system shown in
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
θ
k k
a O
r k
A
Fig. 12 Roller system with two springs r
A O
Inextensible M
cord
Fig. 13 Spring-mass and pulley system
Figure 14.
Fig. 14 Spring-mass and pulley system
Figure 15
Figure 16
Fig. 15 Spring-mass and pulley system Fig. 16 Spring-mass and pulley system
12. A body of mass 10 kg is suspended from a helical spring having a stiffness of 2 N/mm. A
damper having resistance of 5 N at a velocity of 0.1 m/s and is connected between the
mass and the fixed end of the spring. Determine Ratio of successive amplitude and
amplitude of body after 10 cycles if the initial amplitude is 15 mm
13. A mass of 2 kg is supported on an isolator having a spring scale of 2, 940 N/m and
viscous damping. If the amplitude of free vibration of the mass falls to one half its
original value in 1.5 seconds, determine the damping coefficient of the isolator
14. A mass of 7.5 kg hangs from a spring and makes damped oscillations. The time for 60
oscillations is 35 seconds and the ratio of first to seventh displacement is found to be 2.5.
Determine stiffness of spring and damping resistance
15. A spring mass damper system has m = 3 kg, k = 100 N/m and c = 3 N-s/m. Determine the
damping factor, natural frequency of damped system, logarithmic decrement, the ratio of
two successive amplitude and number of cycles after which the original amplitude is
below 20%
16. A 1,000 kg vehicle is mounted on springs such that its static deflection is 2 mm. What is
the damping coefficient of a viscous damper to be added to the system in parallel with the
spring, such that the system is critically damped?
17. A spring mass damper system is having a mass of 10 kg and a spring of such stiffness
which causes a static deflection of 5 mm. the amplitude of vibration reduces to ¼ the
initial value in 10 oscillations. Determine the logarithmic decrement, actual damping
present in the system and damped natural frequency.
18. The schematic diagram of large cannon is shown in Figure 17. When the gun is fired,
high pressure gases accelerate the projectile inside the barrel to a very high velocity. The
reaction force pushes the gun barrel in the opposite direction of the projectile. Since it is
desirable to bring the gun barrel to rest in the shortest time without oscillation, it is made
to translate backward against a critically damped spring-damper system called the recoil
mechanism.
In a particular case, the gun barrel and the recoil mechanism have a mass of 500 kg with
a recoil spring of stiffness 10, 000 N/m. The gun recoils 0.4 m upon firing. Find (1) the
critical damping coefficient of the damper, (2) the initial recoil velocity of the gun, and
(3) the time taken by the gun to return to position 0.1m from its initial position
Fig. 17 Recoil of cannon
Unit II Chapter 3: Harmonically excited vibration of single-degree-of-freedom

system
Type A:
1. Distinguish between transient, steady-state, and total solutions
2. Define magnification factor
3. Write the graphical representation to indicate the variation of the amplitude ratio and
frequency ratio for a undamped harmonically excited vibration system
4. Write the three types/cases of responses of a harmonically excited vibration system
based on frequency ratio
5. Write the graphical representation to indicate the variation of the amplitude ratio and
frequency ratio for a damped harmonically excited vibration system
6. Write any four important characteristic of the magnification factor of a damped
harmonically excited vibration system
7. Distinguish between displacement transmissibility and force transmissibility
8. Write the graphical representation to indicate the variation of the displacement
transmissibility ratio and frequency ratio for a damped harmonically excited vibration
system
9. Write any four important characteristic of the displacement transmissibility of a damped
harmonically excited vibration system
10. Derive an expression for response of a single-degree-of-freedom undamped
harmonically excited spring-mass system
11. Derive an expression for response of a single-degree-of-freedom underdamped
harmonically excited spring-mass system
Type B:
1. A spring-mass system, with m = 100 kg and k = 400N/m, is subjected to a harmonic force

F(t) = F0 cos ωt with F0 = 10N. Find the response of the system when ω is equal to
(a) 2 rad/s,
(b) 0.2 rad/s, and
(c) 20 rad/s. discuss the results
2. A spring-mass system with m = 10 kg and k = 5, 000N/m is subjected to a harmonic force
of amplitude 250 N and frequencyω. If the maximum amplitude of the mass is observed
to be 100 mm, find the value ofω
3. A spring-mass system consists of a mass weighing 120 N and a spring with a stiffness of
1,800 N/m. The mass is subjected to resonance by a harmonic force ‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ = 22 cos ߱‫ܰ ݐ‬.
Find the amplitude of the forced motion at the end of
a. 1¼ cycle
b. 2 ¼ cycles and
c. 3 ½ cycles
4. A mass m is suspended from a spring of stiffness 4, 000 N/m and is subjected to a
harmonic force having amplitude of 100 N and a frequency of 5 Hz. The amplitude of the
forced motion of the mass is observed to be 20 mm. Find the value of m
5. Find the total response of a single-degree-of freedom system with m = 12 kg, c = 22 N-

s/m, k = 5, 000 N/m, ‫ݔ‬଴ = 0.01 ݉ ܽ݊݀ ‫ݔ‬ሶ ଴ = 0 under the condition, an external force
‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ = ‫ܨ‬଴ cos ߱‫ ݐ‬acts on the system with ‫ܨ‬଴ = 100 ܰ ܽ݊݀ ߱ = 10 ‫݀ܽݎ‬/‫ݏ‬
6. The natural frequency of vibration of a person is found to be 5.2 Hz while standing on a

horizontal floor. Assuming damping to be negligible, determine the following:
a. If the weight of the person is 70 kg, determine the equivalent stiffness of his body
in the vertical direction.
b. If the floor is subjected to a vertical harmonic vibration of frequency of 5.3 Hz
and amplitude of 0.1 m due to an unbalanced rotating machine operating on the
floor, determine the vertical displacement of the person
7. The landing gear of an airplane can be idealized as the spring-mass-damper system
shown in Figure 18. If the runway surface is described y (t) = y0 cos ωt, determine the
values of c that limit the amplitude of vibration of the airplane (x) to 0.1 m. Assume m =
2,000 kg, y0 = 0.2 m and w = 157.08 rad/s. [Assume the value of k = 5(106) N/m]
Fig. 18 Landing gear of an airplane

8. A precision grinding machine shown in Figure 19 is supported on an isolator that has a
stiffness of 1 MN/m and a viscous damping constant of 1 kN-s/m. The floor on which the
machine is mounted is subjected to a harmonic disturbance due to the operation of an
unbalanced engine in the vicinity of the grinding machine. Find the maximum acceptable
displacement amplitude of the floor if the resulting amplitude of vibration of the grinding
wheel is to be restricted to 10-6 m. Assume that the grinding machine and the wheel are a
rigid body of weight 5000 N.
Fig. 19 Precision grinding Machine
9. A heavy machine, weighing 2,500 N, is supported on a resilient foundation. The static

deflection of the foundation due to the weight of the machine is found to be 50 mm. It is
observed that the machine vibrates with amplitude of 8 mm when the base of the
foundation is subjected to harmonic oscillation at the undamped natural frequency of the
system with amplitude of 2.5 mm. Find
a. The damping constant of the foundation,
b. The dynamic force amplitude on the base, and
c. The amplitude of the displacement of the machine relative to the base
10. A single-cylinder air compressor of mass 100 kg is mounted on rubber mounts, as shown
in Figure 20. The stiffness and damping constants of the rubber mounts are given by 106
N/m and 2,000 N-s/m, respectively. If the unbalance of the compressor is equivalent to a
mass 0.1 kg located at the end of the crank (point A), determine the response of the
compressor at a crank speed of 3000 rpm. Assume r = 10 cm and l = 40 cm
Fig. 20 Air compressor

Question Bank Unit I Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Vibrations: Type A

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UE15ME352: Mechanical Vibrations, Unit I and II: Question Bank

Unit I Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Vibrations

Fig. 1 Forging hammer

Fig. 2 A human body and a restraint system

3. Figure 3 shows the suspension system of a freight truck with a parallel-spring

Fig. 3 Parallel arrangement of springs in a freight truck

Fig. 4 Oil drum floating in sea water

Fig. 5 A stepped bar subjected to axial force

Fig. 6 A stepped shaft subjected to torsional moment

Fig. 7 A rigid bar with three masses

Fig. 8 Rack and pinion arrangement

9. A rack and pinion arrangement is shown in Figure 9. It is the interest of a designer to

Fig. 9 Rack and pinion arrangement

Unit I Chapter 2: Free vibration of single-degree-of-freedom Systems

Fig. 10 Simple U-tube manometer

Fig. 11 Simple Pendulum System with two springs

Fig. 13 Spring-mass and pulley system

Fig. 14 Spring-mass and pulley system

Fig. 17 Recoil of cannon

Unit II Chapter 3: Harmonically excited vibration of single-degree-of-freedom

1. A spring-mass system, with m = 100 kg and k = 400N/m, is subjected to a harmonic force

5. Find the total response of a single-degree-of freedom system with m = 12 kg, c = 22 N-

6. The natural frequency of vibration of a person is found to be 5.2 Hz while standing on a

Fig. 18 Landing gear of an airplane

Fig. 19 Precision grinding Machine

9. A heavy machine, weighing 2,500 N, is supported on a resilient foundation. The static

Fig. 20 Air compressor

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