Name: ________________________ AP Bio Test – Genetics

1. The genotype of a husband and a wife’s blood type is IAIB and IAi. All of the following are possible
blood type phenotypes for their child except:

A. Type A B. Type AB C. Type O D. Type B

2. Fertilization of a gamete in which nondisjunction has occurred can result in

A. Trisomy
B. Triploidy
C. Barr bodies
D. Tetraploidy

3. In a species of a rhododendron flower, pure breeding red flowers are crossed with pure
breeding white flowers. The F1 offspring have flowers that are red in some areas and white in
others. This is an example of:

A. Codominance B. Incomplete dominance C. Epistasis D. Sex-linked trait

4. In mammals, in which situation can a female display the phenotype for a sex-linked trait?

A. When she is heterozygous for an X-linked recessive trait

B. When she is homozygous for a Y-linked trait
C. When she is heterozygous for an X-linked dominant trait
D. A female mammal can never display the phenotype for a sex-linked trait

5. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an inherited disease that results in muscle weakness and
gradual muscle loss at a young age. A typical pedigree for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is
shown below.

What is most likely the pattern of inheritance for this disease?

A. Autosomal dominant B.X-linked dominant C. X-linked recessive D. Y-linked

6. According to the gene linkage map below, the two genes with the highest recombination rate is
_____, while the two genes with the lowest recombination rate is ____.

X Y Z
A. X and Z; X and Y B. X and Z; Y and Z C. X and Y; X and Z D. X and Y; Y and Z

7. Mendel’s law of independent assortment has its basis in which phase of meiosis?

A. Prophase I B. Metaphase I C. Prophase II D. Anaphase II

8. If two genes are linked

A. The two genes are guaranteed to always be inherited together

B. The recombination frequency of the two traits will be much less than 50%
C. Performing a cross between a dihybrid and an organism that is homozygous recessive for
both traits will produce many more recombinant offspring than parental-type offspring
D. During meiosis, a crossing over event will always occur between those two genes

9. Given the pedigree below, which of the choices cannot be the pattern of inheritance shown?

A. Autosomal recessive B. Autosomal dominant C. X-linked dominant D. X-linked recessive

10. The phenotypic ratio of a typical dihybrid cross is

A. 9:3:3:1 B. 3:1 C. 4:1 D. 9:3:4

11. A test cross involves

A. Crossing an organism of unknown phenotype with a heterozygous organism

B. Crossing a heterozygous organism with a homozygous organism
C. Crossing an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous dominant
D. Crossing an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive
12. Huntington’s disease is an inherited disorder. It results in the death of brain cells and is passed
on in an autosomal dominant pattern. If a woman without the disease has a child with a man
with the disease and is heterozygous for it, what is the chance that their first child will be born
with Huntington’s disease?

A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 100%

13. A child’s blood type is AB. Which cannot be the genotypes of the blood type of his parents?

A. IAIB and IAIB B. IAIA and IAIB C. IBi and IAi D. IAIB and ii

14. If the recombination frequency of two traits is 50%

A. The genes are very likely linked

B. The genes are very close to each other on the same chromosome
C. The same gene very likely codes for the expression of those two traits
D. The genes are very likely on two different chromosomes

15. In Mendel’s pea plant experiment, two of the traits he observed were seed color and seed
shape. When he crossed true-breeding plants with yellow and round seeds with true-breeding
plants with green and wrinkled seeds, all of the F1 generation offspring developed yellow and
round seeds. This means that

A. Yellow seed color is dominant over green; wrinkled seed shape is dominant over round
B. Green seed color is dominant over yellow; wrinkled seed shape is dominant over round
C. Yellow seed color is dominant over green; round seed shape is dominant over wrinkled
D. Green seed color is dominant over yellow; round seed shape is dominant over wrinkled

16. Turner syndrome is caused by nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes. A person with Turner
syndrome has monosomy in the number of X chromosomes, which can cause a number of
abnormalities, including a webbed neck, low ears, and short stature. A person with Turner
syndrome would have how many total chromosomes in their somatic cells?

A. 23 B. 45 C. 46 D. 47

17. Colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait. Which of the following statements about
colorblindness is not true?

A. A female can only be colorblind if she is homozygous for the trait

B. A colorblind male can only produce a colorblind daughter if the mother carries at least one
gene for colorblindness
C. If a male’s mother is colorblind, then he is guaranteed to be colorblind himself
D. A colorblind female will always produce colorblind daughters
18. For a cross between Aa and aa, the phenotypic ratio is _____, while the genotypic ratio is ____?

A. 2:2; 2:2 B. 3:1; 1:2:1 C. 1:2:1; 3:1 D. 4:0; 2:2

19. The difference between trisomy and triploidy is

A. Trisomy results in three complete sets of chromosomes, while triploidy results in three sets of
a single chromosome
B. Trisomy results from nondisjunction, while triploidy results from improper segregation of
homologous chromosomes during meiosis
C. Trisomy can cause disorders such as Downs syndrome, while triploidy can cause disorders
such as Turner’s syndrome
D. Trisomy results in 2n+1 number of chromosomes, while triploidy results in 3n number of
chromosomes

20. Sources of non-nuclear DNA include:

A. Mitochondria B. Plastids C. Chloroplasts D. All of the above

21. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that is often associated with
chromosomal mutations. During this mutation, a segment of chromosome 9 is attached to a
broken end of chromosome 22, and the piece of chromosome 22 that should have been
attached there is instead attached to the broken end of chromosome 9. The mutated
chromosome 22 is called the Philadelphia gene. This type of mutation is called

A. Deletion B. Translocation C. Inversion D. Duplication

22. Trisomy in other animals rarely create viable offspring, but in some cases, it can occur. Trisomy
28 in cattle results in calf that are born with cleft palates and heart abnormalities and is caused
by trisomy of chromosome 28. If the gametes of the cattle have 30 chromosomes, how many
total chromosomes do the cells of a calf with Trisomy 28 have?

A. 29 B. 31 C. 59 D. 61

23. Which of the following is true about autosomal traits?

A. Males can only express autosomal traits if they are hemizygous for it
B. Autosomal dominant traits are completely hidden during codominance
C. Only homozygous females can express autosomal recessive traits
D. Autosomal recessive traits are only expressed if the individual is homozygous for it
Free-Response Questions

1. In a newly found species of beetle, researchers want to determine the chromosomal basis of its
genetic makeup. Through many previous tests, they have already determined the patterns of
inheritance of many of its traits. They are now turning their attention to two other traits: the
color of the beetle’s elytra (the hard, outer forewings) and the length of its mandibles. They
crossed true breeding beetles that have black elytra and short mandibles with true breeding
beetles that have green elytra and long mandibles. The F1 generation that were produced all had
black elytra and long mandibles.

a. Give the genotypes of the P generation parents and the F1 generation offspring. Describe
how you know which traits are dominant and which are recessive.

The researchers are now ready to test cross the F1 generation. They decide to cross one F1
generation offspring with a beetle that has green elytra and short mandibles.

b. Give the genotype of the beetle with which the F1 generation offspring is being crossed.
Explain why the researchers would choose this beetle with this genotype to cross with the F1
generation.

The researchers were curious about possible gene linkage between the two traits. They crossed
the two beetles for the test cross and counted the number of offspring. The results of this cross
are shown in the table below.

Beetle traits Number of offspring

Black elytra, long mandible 468
Black elytra, short mandible 23
Green elytra, long mandible 30
Green elytra, short mandible 479

c. Specify the null hypothesis that the researchers are testing.

d. Perform a chi-squared analysis on the data in the table above.
e. Explain whether your null hypothesis was supported by the chi-square test. Justify your
explanation.
2. Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects body morphology. Patients with Marfan
syndrome develop very disproportionately long and thin digits and extremities, stooped
shoulders, above average height, and scoliosis, along with many other medical complications
because of their condition. A typical pedigree for inheritance of Marfan syndrome is shown
below. Determine the pattern of inheritance and describe in detail how you determined it.
Include instances on the pedigree that caused you to rule out any patterns.

3. Genes W, X, Y, and Z are all on the same chromosome. The distance between Gene W and X is
15 map units, between X and Y is 35 map units, between X and Z is 10 map units, between W
and Y is 20 map units, and between Y and Z is 45 map units.
a. Determine the linear order of the genes on the chromosomes
b. Another gene, Gene A, is found on the same chromosome. Test crosses were performed to
determine the linkage between this gene and the others. The results of the test crosses are
below.
Cross between A and W Cross between A and X
Number of 900 Number of 750
parental-type parental-type
offspring offspring
Number of 100 Number of 250
recombinant recombinant
offspring offspring
Cross between A and Y Cross between A and Z
Number of 900 Number of 650
parental-type parental-type
offspring offspring
Number of 100 Number of 350
recombinant recombinant
offspring offspring
Calculate the recombination frequencies of each of the crosses and determine where Gene A
lies on the chromosome with respect to the other genes.