Grammar Book

With vocabulary

Made by Teacher Giselda Bica

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Table of Contents
Pronouns: ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Exercises with pronouns:..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Demonstrative Pronouns: .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Exercises with demonstrative pronouns:............................................................................................................................................7
Question words: ............................................................................................................................... 8
Exercise with question words:........................................................................................................................................................... 9
Singular and Plural nouns: ................................................................................................................ 9
REGULAR NOUNS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
IRREGULAR NOUNS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Articles definite and indefinite: ...................................................................................................... 10
Exercises with Articles: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
There is and there are .................................................................................................................... 11
There was and there were .............................................................................................................. 11
Exercises there is /there are: .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Exercises there was/ there were: .................................................................................................................................................. 11
Adjectives: ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Exercises with Comparative and Superlative: .......................................................................................................................... 13
Ordering adjectives: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Exercises with Adjective ordering: ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Adverbs of frequency: .................................................................................................................... 14
Preposition of time:........................................................................................................................ 14
Exercises with Adverbs od frequency: ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Countable and uncountable nouns ................................................................................................. 15
Countable and Uncountable exercises’: ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Quantifiers: ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Possessive Case: ............................................................................................................................. 16
Possessive case exercises: ................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Telling the time: ............................................................................................................................. 17
Exercises with telling time: .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Adverbs:......................................................................................................................................... 18
Forming Adverbs .................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Exercises with adverbs and adjectives:....................................................................................................................................... 18
Comparative adjectives vs. Comparative Adverbs: .......................................................................... 19
Conditionals: .................................................................................................................................. 19
Exercise with conditionals................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Reported speech: ........................................................................................................................... 20
Exercises with Reported speech: ................................................................................................................................................... 21
Phrasal verbs:................................................................................................................................. 21
Exercises with Phrasal Verb: ........................................................................................................................................................... 23

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The verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Types of verbs: ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Auxiliary Verbs: .............................................................................................................................. 27
Short Answers: ............................................................................................................................... 28
The verb to be: ............................................................................................................................... 29
Exercises with the verb to be (Present) ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Exercises with the verb to be (Past) ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Present simple: .............................................................................................................................. 30
Exercises with Present Simple:....................................................................................................................................................... 31
Present Continuous: ....................................................................................................................... 31
Exercises with Present Continuous: ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Present Simple vs Present Continuous: ........................................................................................... 32
Exercises with the Present Simple or Present Continuous: ................................................................................................ 33
Past simple:.................................................................................................................................... 33
Exercises with Past simple: .............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Present Perfect:.............................................................................................................................. 34
Exercises with Present Perfect: ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
Present Simple vs. Present Perfect:................................................................................................. 35
Exercises with Past Simple and Present Perfect: .................................................................................................................... 36
Positive Sentences................................................................................................................................................................................ 36
Negative Sentences .............................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Questions ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Past Continuous: ............................................................................................................................ 36
Exercises with Past Continuous: .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Present Perfect Continuous: ....................................................................................................... 37
Will or going to:.............................................................................................................................. 39
Exercises with will future and going to: Put in ‘will’ or ‘be going to’: ............................................................................. 40
1. A: We don’t have any bread......................................................................................................................................................... 40
B: I know. I __________________ get some from the shop. ........................................................................................................... 40
2. A: We don’t have any bread. ........................................................................................................................................................ 40
B: Really? I __________________ get some from the shop then. ................................................................................................. 40
3. A: Why do you need to borrow my suitcase? ....................................................................................................................... 40
B: I __________________ visit my mother in Scotland next month. .......................................................................................... 40
4. A: I’m really cold. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 40
B: I __________________ turn the heating on. .................................................................................................................................... 40
5. A: Are you going to John’s party tonight? .............................................................................................................................. 40
B: Yes. Are you going too? I __________________ give you a lift. ............................................................................................... 40
Verb Can/ Cannot: .......................................................................................................................... 40
6. A: What are your plans after you leave university? .......................................................................................................... 40
B: I __________________ work in a hospital in Africa. I leave on the 28th. ............................................................................ 40
7. (The phone rings) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40
A: I __________________ get it! ................................................................................................................................................................. 40
8. A: Are you ready to order? ........................................................................................................................................................... 40
B: I can’t decide … Okay, I __________________ have the steak, please................................................................................... 40
9. A: Are you busy tonight? Would you like to have coffee? ............................................................................................... 40
B: Sorry. I __________________ go to the library. I’ve been planning to study..................................................................... 40
all day. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40

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10. A: Why are you carrying a hammer? ..................................................................................................................................... 40
B: I __________________ put up some pictures. ................................................................................................................................ 40
Exercises with Can/ Can´t. ................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Future Continuous: ......................................................................................................................... 41
Exercises with future continuous: ................................................................................................................................................. 41
Future Perfect: ............................................................................................................................... 42
Exercises with Future Perfect: ........................................................................................................................................................ 42
Future Perfect Continuous: ............................................................................................................. 43
Exercises with the Future Perfect Continuous:........................................................................................................................ 43
Past simple Irregular: ..................................................................................................................... 44
Exercises with Past Simple irregular: .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Vocabulary: .................................................................................................................................... 46
The numbers: ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Countries and Nationalities: ............................................................................................................................................................ 48
Classroom: ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
People and Family:............................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Colours and Common adjectives: .................................................................................................................................................. 51
Food: .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Job and where they work: ................................................................................................................................................................. 55
The time and ordinal numbers: ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
Every day actions: ................................................................................................................................................................................ 57
Adjectives: ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Every day objects: ................................................................................................................................................................................ 59
Go, have, get:........................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
The house: ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 61
The Body: ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 62
Clothes: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Fashion: .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Animals:.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
The media: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Health and medicine: .......................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Science and computers: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 68
History and Politics: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 69
Music: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 70
Business and advertising: ................................................................................................................................................................. 71
History and warfare: ........................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Travel and Tourism: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 73

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Pronouns:

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Exercises with pronouns:

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 Exercises with demonstrative pronouns:
Demonstrative Pronouns:

1. I’m really busy _______________ morning.

2. _______________ cake you made last week was
delicious.
3. Let me introduce you. Sue, _______________ is Tom.
4. I’m going to take back _______________ shoes I
bought last week.
5. Are you going to watch _______________ DVD with
us?
6. First you need to chop up _______________ tomatoes
over there.
7. Hello, _______________ is Nick speaking.
8. Yes, _______________’s right. I completely agree with
you.

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Question words:

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Exercise with question words:
Complete the gaps with a word from the box. What, Where, How, How often, When, Why, Who, Whose.

1. A: ____________________ are you going on holiday?

B: Next Friday
2. A: ____________________ are you going?
B: Croatia
3. A: ____________________ bought the tickets?
B: My mum did.
4. A: ____________________ do you go on holiday?
B: Once every two years.
5. A: ____________________ don’t you go more often?
B: Because we don’t want to.
6. A: ____________________ do you do the other years?
B: We relax in the garden and visit friends.
7. A: ____________________ do you choose your holiday destination?
B: We use the Internet.
8. A: And ____________________ idea was it to go to Croatia?
B: Our neighbors recommended it.

Singular and Plural nouns:

REGULAR NOUNS
 Most singular nouns form the plural by adding -s.

 A singular noun ending in s, x, z, ch, sh makes the plural by adding-es.

 A singular noun ending in a consonant and then y makes the plural by dropping the y and adding-ies.

IRREGULAR NOUNS
There are some irregular noun plurals. The most common ones are listed below.

EXAMPLES

woman women leaf leaves

man men mous mice

e

child children
goose geese

tooth teeth
half halves

foot feet
knife knives

person people
wife wives

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Articles definite and indefinite:
A and AN are called indefinite articles.
"Indefinite" means "not specific".
Use A(AN) when you are talking about a
thing in general, NOT a specific thing.
We use THE in this sentence because the
phrase "on the table" tells the listener which
book we are referring to. We are not talking
about other books, we are talking about a
specific book that the listener can see or
already knows about. Learning to recognize
such identifying clauses and phrases will
help you use THE correctly.

Use A(AN) when talking about a thing

which is new, unknown, or introduced to a
listener for the first time. Also
use A(AN) when you are asking about the
existence of something.

THE is called a definite article. "Definite"

means "specific". Use THE when talking
about something which is already known to
the listener or which has been previously
mentioned, introduced, or discussed.

IMPORTANT: You can use THE with both

singular nouns and plural nouns.

Many clauses and phrases make the noun

known to the listener by telling the listener
which person or thing we are talking about.
Let's look at an example sentence:

Can you give me the book on the table.

Exercises with Articles:

1. I like ____blue T-shirt over there better than ___red one.
2. Their car does 150 miles ____hour.
3. Where's ____USB drive I lent you last week?
4. Do you still live in ____Bristol?
5. Is your mother working in ____old office building?
6. Carol's father works as ____electrician.
7. The tomatoes are 99 pence ___kilo.
8. What do you usually have for ____breakfast?
9. Ben has ____terrible headache.
10. After this tour you have _____whole afternoon free to explore the city.

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There is and there are

There was and there were

Exercises there is /there are:

1. it Today ‘s birthday ! my ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. where ? you are Is it sunny ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. . people of here lots are There ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. in the there giants Were ? street ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. It being was than better at home . ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Exercises there was/ there were:

1 Your friend was here a minute ago.

2 The children at the party _____very shy.
3 You _____sleepy in class yesterday. Why?
4 There ______a good programme on television last night!
5 That puzzle ______difficult.

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Adjectives:
Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike, silly, yellow, fun, fast.
They can also describe the quantity of nouns: many, few, millions, eleven.

Most students learn that adjectives are words that modify (describe) nouns. Adjectives do not modify verbs or
adverbs or other adjectives.

Adjectives come in three forms: absolute, comparative, and superlative. Absolute adjectives describe something in its
own right.

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Exercises with Comparative and Superlative:

1. My brother has a (tidy) ________ room than me.

2. Australia is (big) ___________ than England.
3. I'm (good) _________ now than yesterday.
4. She's got (little) ____________money than you, but she doesn't care.
5. He thinks Chinese is (difficult) ____________________language in the world
6. Valencia played (bad) ______________than Real Madrid yesterday.
7. Cats are not (intelligent) _______________as dogs.
8. Show me (good) __________________restaurant downtown.
9. (hot) ______________desert of all is the Sahara and it's in Africa.
10. Who is (talkative) _____________________person in your family?

Ordering adjectives:

Exercises with Adjective ordering:

Make 5 sentences describing your house.
1)__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2)__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3)
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4)
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5)
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

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Adverbs of frequency:

Preposition of time:

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Exercises with Adverbs od frequency:
1. He listens to the radio. (often)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. They read a book. (sometimes)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Pete gets angry. (never)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Tom is very friendly. (usually)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. I take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Countable and uncountable nouns

Countable and Uncountable exercises’:

1. The children are playing in the garden. ___________

2. I don't like milk. ___________
3. I prefer tea. _______________
4. Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution. _______________
5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes. ________________
6. There are a lot of windows in our classroom. __________________
7. We need some glue to fix this vase. _________________
8. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional. ______________
9. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning. _______________

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 Quantifiers:

5. Look! He's having _____________ sandwiches.

a few or a little?

1. _______________ sugar
2. _______________ time
3. _______________ houses
4. _______________ cheese
5. ________________ cars
much or many?

1. ________________ pupils
Complete with a/ an or some. 2. ________________ time
1. I have ______________ good idea. 3. ________________ money
2. That's ______________ interesting job! 4. ________________ dollars
3. They have found _____________ gold in that old 5. ________________ milk
mine.
4. Do the Smiths have ______________ yellow van?

Possessive Case:
The possessive case is predominantly used for showing possession (i.e., ownership). The possessive case applies
to nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. For example:

 Possessive Nouns. With nouns, the possessive case is usually shown by preceding it with of or by adding 's (or
just ') to the end.
 Possessive Pronouns. The possessive-case pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs.
 Possessive Adjectives. The possessive-case adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, and their.

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 Here are the basic rules for creating a possessive noun with an apostrophe:

Type Example Possessive Case

singular noun dog dog's dinner
plural noun dogs dogs' dinner
singular noun ending -s Chris Chris' hat or Chris's hat
plural noun not ending -s People People's rights

Possessive case exercises:

1. This is book. (Peter)

2. Let's go to the . (Smiths)
3. The room is upstairs. (children)
4. sister is twelve years old. (John)
5. and school is old. (Susan – Steve)

Telling the time:

Exercises with telling time:

1. 2:15-
2. 6:55-
3. 12:00-
4. 2:00-
5. 8:20-
6. 5:30-

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Adverbs:
An adverb is a word that is used to change or qualify the meaning of an adjective, a verb, a clause,
another adverb.
Adverbs can always be used to modify verbs. Notice that the second of these two sentences is much more
interesting simply because it contains an adverb.
Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters “-ly” to adjectives. This makes is very easy to identify adverbs in
sentences. There are many exceptions to this rule; everywhere, nowhere, and upstairs are a few examples.
An adverb can be used to modify an adjective and intensify the meaning it conveys.

Forming Adverbs

Exercises with adverbs and adjectives:

Choose the correct item:
1. He (correct, correctly) defined the terms. The answer sounded (correctly, correct).
2. She (quickly, quick) adjusted the fees. She adapted (quick, quickly) to any situation.
3. He measured the floor (exact, exactly). They proved to be (perfectly, perfect) (exact, exactly) measurements.
4. The stillness of the tomb was (awfully, awful). The tomb was (awfully, awful) still.
5. It was a (dangerously, dangerous) lake to swim in. The man was (dangerous, dangerously) drunk. The gas smelled
(dangerously, dangerous).

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 Comparative adjectives vs. Comparative Adverbs:

Conditionals:

Exercise with conditionals.

Complete the Conditional Sentences with the correct form (Type I, II or III).

 If I_______ stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.

 If we'd seen you, we ______________ .
 If we _______________ him tomorrow, we'll say hello.
 He would have repaired the car himself if he ______________ the tools.
 If you drop the vase, it __________________ .
 If I hadn't studied, I ___________________ the exam.

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 I wouldn't go to school by bus if I ___________________ a driving license.

 If she ____________________- him every day, she'd be lovesick.

 I ____________________ to London if I don't get a cheap flight.
 We'd be stupid if we _________________ him about our secret.

Reported speech:

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Exercises with Reported speech:

Phrasal verbs:

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Exercises with Phrasal Verb:

The verbs
The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always
express activity.

Types of verbs:

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Verb to be Present Simple Present Present Perfect Past simple Past Continuous
The verb to be is Is used for Continuous Refers to an To express the Is used to show
“ser/estar” in the routines and Is used for action or state idea that an that an ongoing
present tense. habits. actions that that either action started past action was
haven´t finished occurred at an and finished at a happening at a
yet. indefinite time in specific time in specific moment
the past or began the past. of interruption.
in the past and
continued to the
present time.
Has/have + past
participle
Affirmative: Affirmative: Affirmative: Affirmative: Affirmative: Affirmative:
I am (I´m) I talk I am talking I have talked I talked I was talking
You are (you´re) You talk You are talking You have talked You talked You were talking
He is (he´s) He talks He is talking He has talked He talked He was talking
She is (she´s) She talks She is talking She has talked She talked She was talking
It is (it´s) It talks It is talking It has talked It talked It was talking
We are (we´re) We talk We are talking We have talked We talked We were talking
They are They talk They are talking They have talked They talked They were
(they´re) talking
Negative: Negative: Negative: Negative: Negative: Negative:
I am not (I´m not) I don´t talk I am not talking I haven´t talked I didn´t talk I wasn´t talking
You are not (you You don´t talk You are not You haven´t You didn´t talk You weren´t
aren´t) He doesn´t talk talking talked He didn´t talk talking
He is not (he She doesn´t talk He is not talking He hasn´t talked She didn´t talk He wasn´t talking
isn´t) It doesn´t talk She is not talking She hasn´t talked It didn´t talk She wasn´t
She not (she We don´t talk It is not talking It hasn´t talked We didn´t talk talking
isn´t) They don´t talk We are not We haven´t They didn´t talk It wasn´t talking
It is not (it isn´t) talking talked We weren´t
We are not (we They are not They haven´t talking
aren´t) talking talked They weren´t
They are not talking
(they aren´t)
Interrogative: Interrogative: Interrogative: Interrogative: Interrogative: Interrogative:
Am I? Do I talk? Am I talking? Have I talked? Did I talk? Was I talking?
Are you? Do you talk? Are you talking? Have you talked? Did you talk? Were you
Is he? Does he talk? Is he talking? Has he talked? Did he talk? talking?
Is she? Does she talk? Is she talking? Has she talked? Did she talk? Was he talking?
Is it? Does it talk? Is it talking? Has it talked? Did it talk? Was she talking?
Are we? Do we talk? Are we talking? Have we talked? Did we talk? Was it talking?
Are they? Do they talk? Are they talking? Have they Did they talk? Were we talking?
talked? Were they
talking?
Keywords: Keywords: now, Keywords: just, Keywords: Keywords: All
Adverbs of at the moment. yet, never, Yesterday, Last last night, All last
frequency, every already, ever, so week, Last week, All last
day, every year, far, up to now, month, Last year, month, All
etc. recently, since, Ago, Once, Once yesterday, All
for upon a time, In last year, All
those days, One afternoon
day, Then

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Auxiliary Verbs:

27
Short Answers:

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The verb to be:

The verb be is used in the following patterns: Exercises with the verb to be (Present)
1. With a noun:

My mother is a teacher. 1. you the new student?

Bill Clinton was the president of the US.
2. Yes, I .
2. With an adjective:
3. Leila and Nancy students.
This soup is very tasty.
The children were good. 4. Nancy Australian .

2.1 with the -ing form to make the continuous aspect 5. My sister and I students.

We were walking down the street. 6. The girls tired.

Everything was wet. It had been raining for
hours. 7. These women beautiful.

2.2 with the -ed form to make the passive voice 8. The tea delicious.
The house was built in 1890. 9. Nadia and Leila friends.
The street is called Montagu Street.
This car was made in Japan. 10. The newspaper cheap.
3. with a prepositional phrase:

John and his wife are from Manchester.

The flowers are on the table.

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 4. He ____________ happy.
Exercises with the verb to be (Past) 5. Robert and Stan ____________ Garry's friends.
1. I ____________ in Canberra last spring.
2. We ____________at school last Saturday.
3. Tina ____________ at home yesterday.

Present simple:
 To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes:
I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth)
 To give instructions or directions:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
 To express fixed arrangements, present or future:
Your exam starts at 09.00
 To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

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Exercises with Present Simple:

1. They hockey at school. (to play)

2. She e-mails. (not/to write)

3. you English? (to speak)

4. My parents fish. (not/to like)

5. Anne any hobbies? (to have)

6. Andy's brother in an office. (to work)

7. Leroy very fast. (can/not/to read)

8. Jim and Joe the flowers every week? (to

water)

9. Yvonne's mother a motorbike. (not/to ride)

10. Elisabeth cola? (to drink)

Present Continuous:
As with all tenses in English, the speaker's attitude is as important as the time of the action or event. When someone
uses the present continuous, they are thinking about something that is unfinished or incomplete

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS IS USED:

 to describe an action that is going on at this moment: You are using the Internet. You are studying English
grammar.
 to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend: Are you still working for the same
company? More and more people are becoming vegetarian.
 to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared: We're going on
holiday tomorrow. I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter?
 to describe a temporary event or situation: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar
tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.
 with "always, forever, constantly", to describe and emphasise a continuing series of repeated actions: Harry
and Sally are always arguing! You're constantly complaining about your mother-in-law!

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Exercises with Present Continuous:

1. (he / walk to school now)

6. (she / not / work in Spain)
____He’s walking to school now.
_______________________________________________________
2. (I / study at the moment)
7. (he / not / wait for the bus)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. (I / not / sleep)
8. (they / read)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. (you / play badminton tonight)
9. (we / not / go to the cinema tonight)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
5. (we / watch TV)
10. (you / not / read the newspaper)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Present Simple vs Present Continuous:

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Exercises with the Present Simple or Present Continuous:
Choose the present simple or present continuous:
1. (You / come) _________________________________ tonight?
2. (He / eat) _________________________________ rice every day?
3. I (work) _________________________________ at the moment.
4. (He / come) _________________________________ to London often?
5. He (play) _________________________________ tennis now.
6. (You / come) _________________________________ to the cinema later?
7. They (not / come) _________________________________ to the party
tomorrow.
8. He (not / play) _________________________________ golf now.
9. (You / play) _________________________________ tennis this Sunday?
10. They (go) _________________________________ to a restaurant every
Saturday.

Past simple:
The simple past tense is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The time of the action can be in
the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated with certain past time
expressions

 Frequency: often, sometimes, always

I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
 A definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
She finished her work at seven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night
 An indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.

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Exercises with Past simple:

1. Last year I (go) to England on holiday.

2. It (be) fantastic.

3. I (visit) lots of interesting places. I

(be) with two friends of mine .

4. In the mornings we (walk) in the streets of London.

5. In the evenings we (go) to pubs.

6. The weather (be) strangely fine.

7. It (not / rain) a lot.

8. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.

9. Where (spend / you) your last holiday?

Present Perfect:
THE PRESENT PERFECT IS USED TO DESCRIBE

 An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Bristol since
1984 (= and I still do.)
 An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the cinema twice this week (=
and the week isn't over yet.)
 A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited Portugal several times.
 An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have just finished my work.
 An action when the time is not important. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of his reading is
important)

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Exercises with Present Perfect:

1. (I / go / to the library today) ___________________________________________________________________

2. (you / keep a pet for three years) _______________________________________________________________
3. (you / eat Thai food before?) __________________________________________________________________
4. (it / rain all day?) ___________________________________________________________________________
5. (who / we / forget to invite?) __________________________________________________________________
6. (we / not / hear that song already) _______________________________________________________________
7. (he / not / forget his books) ____________________________________________________________________
8. (she / steal all the chocolate!) ___________________________________________________________________
9. (I / explain it well?) ___________________________________________________________________________
10. (who / he / meet recently?) ____________________________________________________________________

Present Simple vs. Present Perfect:

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 Exercises with Past Simple and Present Perfect:

Positive Sentences

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1. Mary (win) _________the lottery last year.

2. We (prepare / already)___________dinner.
3. James (find) _________your ring in the garden yesterday.
4. He (come / just) _________home.
5. They (buy) _________ their car two years ago.

Negative Sentences

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1. I (see / not) _________anyone yet.

2. Phil (go / not) _________to the cinema last night.
3. We (be / not) _________to the zoo so far.
4. She (arrive / not) _________yet.
5. Emily (visit / not) _________me last week.

Questions

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1. (you / read) _________the book yet?

2. How many letters (they / write) _________so far?
3. When (he / tell) _________you that?
4. (you / be) _________at home last night?
5. How often (you / travel) _________abroad till now?

Past Continuous:
The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and is still going on at
the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.

It is used:

 Often, to describe the background in a story written in the past tense, e.g. "The sun was shining and the
birds were singing as the elephant came out of the jungle. The other animals were relaxing in the shade of
the trees, but the elephant moved very quickly. She was looking for her baby, and she didn't notice the
hunter who was watching her through his binoculars. When the shot rang out, she was running towards the
river..."
 to describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action, e.g. "I was having a
beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang."
 to express a change of mind: e.g. "I was going to spend the day at the beach but I've decided to get my
homework done instead."
 with 'wonder', to make a very polite request: e.g. "I was wondering if you could baby-sit for me tonight."

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Exercises with Past Continuous:

1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) monopoly.

2. Yesterday at six I (prepare) dinner.

3. The kids (play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.

4. I (practice) the guitar when he came home.

5. We (not / cycle) all day.

6. While Alan (work) in his room, his friends

(swim) in the pool.

7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen ) .

8. What (you / do) yesterday?

9. Most of the time we (sit) in the park.

10. I (listen) to the radio while my sister

(watch) TV.

Present Perfect Continuous:

The present perfect continuous is used to refer to an unspecified time between 'before now' and 'now'. The speaker
is thinking about something that started but perhaps did not finish in that period of time. He/she is interested in
the process as well as the result, and this process may still be going on, or may have just finished.

ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE IN THE PRESENT

She has been waiting for you all day (= and she's still waiting now).
I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= and I still haven't finished it).
They have been travelling since last October (= and they're not home yet).

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ACTIONS THAT HAVE JUST FINISHED, BUT WE ARE INTERESTED IN THE RESULTS
She has been cooking since last night (= and the food on the table looks delicious).
It's been raining (= and the streets are still wet).
Someone's been eating my chips (= half of them have gone).

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Will or going to:

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 6. A: What are your plans after you leave university?
Exercises with will future and going to: Put in ‘will’
or ‘be going to’: B: I __________________ work in a hospital in Africa. I leave
on the 28th.
1. A: We don’t have any bread.
7. (The phone rings)
B: I know. I __________________ get some from the shop.
A: I __________________ get it!
2. A: We don’t have any bread.
8. A: Are you ready to order?
B: Really? I __________________ get some from the shop
then. B: I can’t decide … Okay, I __________________ have the
steak, please.
3. A: Why do you need to borrow my suitcase?
9. A: Are you busy tonight? Would you like to have
B: I __________________ visit my mother in Scotland next coffee?
month.
B: Sorry. I __________________ go to the library. I’ve been
4. A: I’m really cold. planning to study

B: I __________________ turn the heating on. all day.

5. A: Are you going to John’s party tonight? 10. A: Why are you carrying a hammer?

B: Yes. Are you going too? I __________________ give you a B: I __________________ put up some pictures.
lift.

Verb Can/ Cannot:

Exercises with Can/ Can´t.

1. I swim. (+/can)
2. You draw. (-/can)
3. He cook. (+/can)
4. She walk. (-/can)
5. It jump. (+/can)
6. We ski. (-/can)
7. You read. (+/can)
8. They count. (-/can)
9. Doris sail. (+/can)
10. Walter and
Laura sing. (-/can)

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 Future Continuous:
The future continuous refers to an unfinished action or event that will be in progress at a time later than now. The
future continuous is used for quite a few different purposes.

The future continuous can be used to project ourselves into the future.

Exercises with future continuous:

1. At midnight we (sleep) .
2. This time next week we (sit) _____________at the beach.
3. At nine I (watch) _____________the news.
4. Tonight we (cram up) _____________ for our English test.
5. They (dance) _____________ all night.
6. He (not / play) _____________ all afternoon.
7. I (not / work) _____________ all day.
8. (eat / you) _____________ at six?
9. (drive / she) _____________ to London?
10. (fight / they) _____________again?

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Future Perfect:
The future perfect tense refers to a completed action in the future. When we use this tense we are projecting
ourselves forward into the future and looking back at an action that will be completed some time later than now. It is
most often used with a time expression.

Exercises with Future Perfect:

1. Anne her bike next week. (to repair)

2. We the washing by 8 o'clock. (to do)

3. She Paris by the end of next year. (to visit)

4. I this by 6 o'clock. (to finish)

5. Sam by next week. (to leave)

6. She this with her mother tonight. (to discuss)

7. The police the driver. (to arrest)

8. They their essay by tomorrow. (to write)

9. Paolo the teams. (to manage)

10. If we can do that - then we our mission. (to fulfil)

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 Future Perfect Continuous:
Like the future perfect simple, this form is used to project ourselves forward in time and to look back. It refers to
events or actions that are currently unfinished but will be finished at some future time. It is most often used with a
time expression.

Exercises with the Future Perfect Continuous:

1. By the end of the week I (work) here for four months.

2. By the end of this month we (live) _____________ together for six years.
3. By the end of the term she (study) _____________ for nine years.
4. By midnight we (play) _____________ this computer game for 48 hours.
5. She (talk) _____________ on the phone for the last couple of hours.
6. They (look for) _____________ me all night long.
7. He (play) _____________ soccer all day long.
8. You (watch) _____________ TV all the time.
9. He (not / sleep) _____________ all morning.
10. (wait / they) _____________ for 2 hours?

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Past simple Irregular:

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Exercises with Past Simple irregular:

1. She _________________ (bring) some chocolates to the party.

2. I _________________ (hear) a new song on the radio.
3. I _________________ (read) three books last week.
4. They _________________ (speak) French to the waitress.
5. He _________________ (understand) during the class, but now he doesn't
6. understand.
7. I _________________ (forget) to buy some milk.
8. She _________________ (have) a baby in June.
9. You _________________ (lose) your keys last week.
10. They _________________ (swim) 500m.
11. I _________________ (give) my mother a CD for Christmas.

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Vocabulary:

46
The numbers:

47
Countries and Nationalities:

48
Classroom:

49
People and Family:

50
Colours and Common adjectives:

51
Food:

52
53
54
Job and where they work:

55
The time and ordinal numbers:

56
Every day actions:

57
Adjectives:

58
Every day objects:

59
Go, have, get:

60
The house:

61
The Body:

62
Clothes:

63
Fashion:

64
Animals:

65
The media:

66
Health and medicine:

67
Science and computers:

68
History and Politics:

69
Music:

70
Business and advertising:

71
History and warfare:

72
Travel and Tourism:

73