Professional Documents
Culture Documents
At the end of this session, the students should be able to design the concrete mix with specific
requirement.
1. MATERIAL TEST
Material used in reinforced concrete structures are subjected to preliminary material tests
according to specifications or standards for concrete steel. Material tests for concrete include
slump test and compression tests, whilst tests for steel reinforcement include tensile, bend and
steel fabric tests.and
1.1 Concrete
The keys to good quality concrete are the raw materials used to make concrete and the mix
design as specified in the project specifications.
Note: When coarse and fine aggregates of different types are used, the free content is
estimated by the expression,
2 Wf + 1 Wc (B3)
3 3
Where Wf = free water content appropriate to type of fine aggregate and Wc = free water
content appropriate to type of coarse aggregate
The British method has applied to design the concrete. General process for designing concrete
mix is summarizes as follows:
STAGE DESCRIPTION
1 Deals with strength leading to the free-water/cement ratio
2 Deals with workability leading to the free-water content
3 Combines the results of Stages 1 and 2 to give the cement content.
4 Deals with the determination of the total aggregate content.
5 Deals with the selection of the fine and coarse aggregate contents.
The unrestricted design has been selected. The information of the requirement item on mix design
is shown in Table 3.1 and all available data for designing concrete mix are attached as Appendix.
You shall produce concrete mixes for Grade 30 concrete cubes. You need to prepare 3 concrete
test cubes (150x150x150 mm) for compression test at 7, and 28 days lifetime.
Table 3.1: The requirements and relevant item on the mix design form
5 Aggregate type:
i. Coarse aggregate Crushed
ii. Fine aggregate Uncrushed
6 Slump required 30 – 60 mm
- 61 -
Calculation for Quantity of Concrete
Calculation of quantity required to cast concrete structure must be based on the volume of the
structure. In addition, extra quantity is required for cubes to enable compression strength tests to be
carried out. However, during mixing, an additional of 10% volume is recommended to
accommodate for waste. Table 3.3 shows the calculation in obtaining the concrete volume.
= (0.02025 + 0.002025) m3
= 0.022275 m3
- 63 -
Table 3.2: Concrete Mix Design Form
Reference or
Stage Item Values
calculation
% pass 600µm
5 5.1 Grading of fine aggregate 54 %
sieve
5.2 Proportion of fine aggregate Figure A1.4 38 %
5.3 Fine aggregate content C5 1903 x 0.38 = 723 kg/m3
5.4 Coarse aggregate content C5 1903 - 723 = 1180 kg/m3
- 62 -