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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE Dept. of EIE

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR-603 203

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

EI6704 Biomedical Instrumentation
QUESTION BANK

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Part – A- Two marks Questions

1. Differentiate action potential and resting potential. (BTL-4)

2. At resting potential of a cell, why the inside of a cell is negatively charged.(BTL-2)
3. Define half-cell potential. (BTL-1)
4. Sketch the action potential waveform. (BTL-3)
5. Give the Nernst equation for electrode potential. (BTL-2)
6. What is bioelectric potential? (BTL-1)
7. Describe propagation of action potential? (BTL-4)
8. What is neuron? (BTL-1)
9. Classify the two major divisions of nervous system? (BTL-4)
10. Explain central nervous system? (BTL-5)
11. What is soft tissue injury? (BTL-1)
12. What are the components of a biomedical system? (BTL-1)
13. Discuss the use of transducers in Biomedical Engineering? (BTL-2)
14. Summarize active and passive transducers? (BTL-2)
15. Generalize the property of piezo electric transducer. (BTL-6)
16. What is meant by depolarization and repolarisation of cell? (BTL-1)
17. Generalize “ohm’s law” for blood flow. (BTL-6)
18. Sketch the stress strain curve of the Bone. (BTL-3)
19. Explain somatic sensory nervous system? (BTL-5)
20. Point out the spinal cord location in the brain. (BTL-4)

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE Dept. of EIE

PART – B

1. (i) Discuss the different ways of transport of ions through the cell (8)
membrane.
(ii) Discuss the different parts of central nervous system and their activity. (8)
(BTL-2)
2. (i) Describe the action of piezoelectric transducer as arterial pressure (8)
sensor.
(ii) Describe the working of a fibre optic temperature sensor.(BTL-1) (8)

3. (i) Sketch the block diagram of biomedical instrumentation system and (8)
explain the functions of each block.
(ii) Sketch the diagram and equivalent circuit of a differential capacitance (8)
pressure transducer and briefly explain its operation. (BTL-3)
4. (i) With the action potential waveform summarize depolarization, (10)
repolarisation and absolute and relative refractory periods
(ii) How do you record the action potential? (BTL-5) (6)

5. (i) Describe the generation and features of action potential. (8)

(ii) Explain the function of human respiratory system.(BTL-2) (8)

6. (i) What are the different types of muscles? Generalize the importance of (8)
motor unit in the muscular contraction.
(ii) How does the piezoelectric transducer produce ultrasonic waves? Create (8)
its electric equivalent near resonance? (BTL-6)
7. (i) With a relevant graph describe the relationship between the action (8)
potential and muscle contraction.
(ii) Describe in detail how pulsatile blood volume changes can be measured (8)
using photoelectric type resistive transducer. (BTL-1)
8. (i) Explain in detail about Peripheral nervous system. (8)

(ii) Illustrate the working of ultrasonic transducers and discuss its (8)
application (BTL-1)
9. (i) Explain the structure of human cell and its constituents with the help of (8)
neat diagram.
(ii) What are the characteristic features to be considered while selecting a (8)
transducer ?(BTL-4)

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10. (i) Classify the names of the different sub systems in our body. Explain (8)
them with respect to their function and constituents.
(ii) Explain the characteristics of resting potential with reference to Nernst (8)
equation.(BTL-4)
11. (i) With an action potential waveform explain the action of the sinoatrial (8)
node.
(ii) Explain biomechanics of bones and soft tissues.(BTL-5) (8)

12. (i) Describe the function of human Excretory system (8)

(ii) Describe the function of human Cardiovascular systems.(BTL-1) (8)

13. Summarize LVDT along with its electrical characteristics.(BTL-2). (16)

14. Draw the equivalent circuit of a magnetostrictive transducer at its resonance (16)
and explain its working.(BTL-3)

UNIT II NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT AND

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
Part – A- Two marks Questions

1. What is the use of blood flow meter? (BTL-1)

2. Define cardiac output. (BTL-1)
3. Asses the physical principle on which the blood flow meter based on. (BTL-5)
4. Give the principle of electromagnetic blood flowmeter. (BTL-2)
5. Discuss the reason for decrease in cardiac output? (BTL-2)
6. Generalize Fick’s principle. (BTL-6)
7. Point out the normal heart rate of human being according to age group. (BTL-4)
8. Classify different types of heart block? (BTL-3)
9. Sketch the block diagram of heart sound recording system. (BTL-3)
10. Differentiate between heart sound and murmurs. (BTL-4)
11. Discuss pulmonary circulation? (BTL-2)
12. What is spirometer? Identify its diagnostic applications. (BTL-1)
13. Define plethysmography? (BTL-1)
14. Generalize the basic principle of blood gas analyzer. (BTL-6)
15. Illustrate the requirements of a blood pump? (BTL-3)

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16. What is the use of GSR measurement? (BTL-1)

17. How does the pH value determine the acidity of alkalinity in blood fluid. (BTL-5)
18. Give the normal value of pH, pCO2, pO2 in human blood. (BTL-2)
19. What is the use of oxymeters? Classify the types of oxymeters. (BTL-4)
20. Define systole and diastole. (BTL-1)

PART B

1. (i) What are the methods for measuring blood pressure? Sketch a (8)
typical setup and explain.
(ii) Explain the measurement method of ESR with a neat diagram.( BTL-3) (8)

2. Explain the measurement of blood pO2 and pCO2.(BTL-4) (16)

3. (i) Describe the working principle of ultrasonic blood pressure (8)

measurement.
(ii) What is PCG? Give the characteristics of different heart sounds. (BTL-1) (8)

4. (i) Describe how whole body plethysmography is used to measure total lung (8)
capacity.
(ii) Explain the measurement of heart sound with suitable diagram.(BTL-1) (8)

5. Sketch the block diagram of automated electro sphygmomanometer for blood (16)
pressure measurement and explain its operation.(BTL-3)
6. Explain with relevant equations the working and measurement procedure of (16)
Plethysmograph. (BTL-2)
7. Explain with the help of functional diagram the working of spirometer. (16)
(BTL-2)
8. (i) Explain any one method of measuring cardiac output. (8)

(ii) Conclude the part of electrocardiogram which is most useful for (8)
determining heart rate? Explain.(BTL-5)
9. Give the principle of operation of blood cell counter and blood gas analyzer (8+8)
and explain its working.(BTL-1)
10. (i) Explain the Rheographic method of blood pressure measurement. (8)

(ii) Prepare the measurement methods of Galvanic skin response (GSR) and (8)
Basal Skin Resistance (BSR). (BTL-6)

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11. (i) Explain the automatic and semiautomatic methods of measuring blood (8)
pressure.
(ii) For what measurements can the spirometer be used? Explain why basic (8)
lung volumes and capacities cannot be measured with a
spirometer?(BTL-4)
12. (i) Define the important lung capacities and explain them. (8)

(ii) Describe in detail with neat diagram, differential ausculatory technique (8)
of blood pressure measurement.(BTL-1)
13. (i) Describe the principle of digital pH meter. (8)

(ii) Discuss the Oscillometric blood pressure measurement method.(BTL-6) (8)

14. What are known as “Korotokoff sound”? How will you measure them with an (4+12
indirect method of measurement?(BTL-5) )

UNIT III ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

Part – A- Two marks Questions

1. Classify the various types of electrodes. (BTL-4)

2. Point out any four types of surface electrodes. (BTL-4)
3. Draw the electrode configuration of avR output.(BTL-3)
4. Name the electrodes used for EEG measurement(BTL-1)
5. What is preamplifier? State its functional requirements.(BTL-1)
6. What is the need of instrument amplifiers in medical equipments?(BTL-1)
7. What is a chopper amplifier?(BTL-1)
8. Give the frequency range & amplitude of ECG, EEG and EMG waves.(BTL-2)
9. Sketch a typical ‘pqrst’ complex waveform with respect to ECG.(BTL-3)
10. What is ECG? (BTL-1)
11. Give the origin, amplitude and duration of the different waves in ECG. (BTL-2)
12. Draw EINTHOVEN TRIANGLE and how it is used in ECG measurement(BTL-5)
13. Point out three types of lead systems used to record electrocardiograms.(BTL-4)
14. Summarize LATENCY in EMG.(BTL-5)
15. Design the block diagram for EMG recording set up.(BTL-6)
16. Describe the hazards of leakage current?(BTL-2)

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17. Discuss Let-go current of human body.(BTL-2)

18. Classify the ways by which macro shocks can be induced?(BTL-3)
19. What is ERG? (BTL-1)
20. Design the simple block diagram of EEG recording set up (BTL-6).

PART-B

1. (i) Draw a non-mechanical chopper amplifier and explain its working (4)

(ii) Draw the electrical equivalent circuit of a glass microelectrode and (12)
explain its electrical characteristics.(BTL-3)
2. Draw an ECG of a normal person, labeling the critical features and explain the (16)
working of an ECG machine.(BTL-3)
3. (i) What are the uses of microelectrodes?. (8)

(ii) Describe the standard 12 lead system used for recording ECG.(BTL-1) (8)

4. (i) Discuss the working of typical EMG recording setup. (8)

(ii) Discuss the working of isolation amplifier with diagram(BTL-2) (8)

5. (i) Discuss the working of Differential amplifier. Mention their importance (8)
in biomedical instrumentation.
(ii) Decsribe with help of circuit diagram, the working of a typical (8)
instrumentation amplifier.(BTL-2)
6. (i) Discuss about ERG (8)

(ii) Elaborate on the medical equipment maintenance and safety parameters (8)
in handling it.(BTL-2)
7. (i) Explain Einthoven triangle and describe how ECG lead configurations (8)
are employed.
(ii) Clearly describe the different lead systems in ECG Wave form (8)
recording.(BTL-1)
8. (i) Illustrate the different requirements for biomedical amplifiers? (6)

(ii) Sketch a neat circuit diagram of a medical preamplifier and deduce an (10)
expression for its net gain.(BTL-3)

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9. Explain how the electrical hazards protection can be provided in the (16)
biomedical instrumentation systems.(BTL-4)
10. (i) Define Half cell potential. What are polarisable and non-polarisable (8)
electrodes?
(ii) Describe the usage of the various types of electrodes used to measure (8)
biopotentials.(BTL-1)
11. Describe in detail the various ways used to induced the macroshocks.(BTL-1) (16)

12 Summarize the instruments used to check the safety parameters of biomedical (16)
equipments.(BTL-5)
13. (i) Explain the devices used against electrical hazards. (8)

(ii) Explain the important aspects of hospital architecture?(BTL-5) (8)

14. (i) Design the 10-20 electrode system used in EEG.. (8)

(ii) Prepare the different factors which affect the accuracy of the recording (8)
related to biopotentials.(BTL-6)

UNIT IV IMAGING MODALITIES AND ANALYSIS

Part – A- Two marks Questions

1. Distinguish radiographic and fluoroscopic techniques. (BTL-2)

2. Discuss briefly about Tomography. (BTL-2)
3. What is computer aided tomography? (BTL-1)
4. What is Computer Axial Tomography (CAT)? (BTL-1)
5. Point out the advantages of MRI scan? (BTL-4)
6. What is ultrasonic Tomographic technique? (BTL-1)
7. Illustrate the application of Endoscopy. (BTL-3)
8. Define the term thermography. (BTL-1)
9. What is the principle used in thermographic imaging? (BTL-1)
10. What are the three classifications of thermography? (BTL-1)
11. Point out the advantages and applications of thermography? (BTL-4)
12. Design the simplified block diagram of a thermographic equipment. (BTL-6)
13. Generalize the characteristic of good thermographic equipment. (BTL-6)
14. Summarize the advantages of digital thermometer? (BTL-5)

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15. Explain biotelemetry? (BTL-4)

16. Draw the block diagram of a bio-telemetry system. (BTL-3)
17. Illustrate single channel telemetry? (BTL-3)
18. Deduce the anticipated problems of telemetrized systems in the future? (BTL-5)
19. Discuss the applications of biotelemetry. (BTL-2)
20. Discuss the applications of ultrasound in medical imaging? (BTL-2)

PART B

1. (i) Write the construction and working principle of computer tomography. (8)

(ii) Write the mathematical details of oBTLaining X-ray image in CT (BTL-1) (8)

2. (i) Describe a Telemetry circuit using a sub carrier also list its advantages. (10)

(ii) Write a note on Bio-metric systems.(BTL-1) (6)

3. (i) Describe in detail the block diagram of Gamma camera. (8)

(ii) Write the working of multichannel biotelemetry system.(BTL-1) (8)

4. (i) Write a note on the working of X-ray machine. (8)

(ii) Write a note on endoscopy.(BTL-1) (8)

5. Sketch a typical functional block diagram of amplitude modulated radio (16)

transmitter and receiver and explain.(BTL-3)
6. With neat block diagram explain the principle of operation and working of (16)
MRI system.(BTL-3)
7. (i) Explain the infrared thermographic instrumentation with suitable (10)
diagram.
(ii) Illustrate about the problems associated with implant telemetry (6)
circuits.(BTL-4)
8. (i) What do you mean by CT? Give the mathematical details of obtaining (8)
X-ray image in CT?
(ii) Briefly explain the different modes of ultrasonic scanning with suitable (8)
diagrams.(BTL-2)
9. (i) What are the four basic modes of transmission of ultrasound? Illustrate (10)
briefly.
(ii) What are medical transmitting frequencies? Why is it necessary to (6)
specify them?.(BTL-4)

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10. (i) Discuss the properties of ultrasound and how ultrasound can be used for (6)
diagnosis
(ii) Discuss how the various physiological parameters can be monitored and (10)
telemetered and usage of telemetry as an emergency tool.(BTL-5)
11. Prepare the clinical applications of Endoscopy.(BTL-6) (16)

12. Show how computer tomography has revolutionized the field of diagnosis (16)
explaining its salient features.(BTL-5)
13. (i) Distinguish between radiography and fluoroscopy. (8)

(ii) Summarize the different applications of X-ray examination.(BTL-2) (8)

14. (i) Describe in detail about the single channel telemetry system with block (8)
diagram.
(ii) Discuss the details of the design of the biotelemetry circuit.(BTL-2) (8)

UNIT V LIFE ASSISTING, THERAPEUTIC AND ROBOTIC DEVICES

Part – A- Two marks Questions

1. What is a pacemaker? (BTL-1)

2. Classify the types of pacing. (BTL-3)
3. Differentiate between external pacemaker and implanted pacemaker. (BTL-2)
4. Classify the types of pacemaker based on modes of operation of the pacemakers.
(BTL-3)
5. What is the function of synchronous pacemaker? (BTL-1)
6. Explain defibrillator and give its disadvantages? (BTL-5)
7. Give the importance of defibrillator protection circuit in ECG recorder. (BTL-2)
8. Define Heart Lung Machine? (BTL-1)
9. Distinguish a de-fibrillator from a pace maker(BTL-2)
10. What is a ventilator? Give its importance in respiratory failures. (BTL-2)
11. What is a stimulator? (BTL-1)
12. Design the block diagram of a short wave diathermy unit. (BTL-6)
13. Explain briefly about microwave diathermy. (BTL-4)
14. Name few tests performed using audiometer. (BTL-1)
15. Generalize the purpose of audiometers? (BTL-6)

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16. Explain lithotripsy? (BTL-5)

17. What are the three physical processes used in dialysis? (BTL-1)
18. Compare Hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis. (BTL-3)
19. Point out the variables to be monitored by a patient monitoring system. (BTL-4)
20. Classify the divisions in patient monitoring system? (BTL-3)

PART B

1. (i) Discuss the stone disease problem and the method used to overcome with (8)
neat diagram.
(ii) Discuss in detail the working of dialyser.(BTL-2) (8)

2. (i) Discuss the working of pressure and volume controlled ventilator. (8)

(ii) Summarize the schematic of evoked response audiometer (BTL-2) (8)

3. (i) Briefly discuss the block diagram of heart lung machine. (8)

(ii) Illustrate the working of an artificial kidney with a neat diagram. (8)
(BTL-3)
4. (i) Explain the electrical nature of natural pacemaker. (6)

(ii) State the need for defibrillator. Describe the schematic of implantable (10)
defibrillator.(BTL-5)
5. (i) Explain the working of lithotripsy with clear schematic diagrams. (6)

(ii) Explain haemodialysis in a detailed manner along with its merits and (10)
demerits.(BTL-5)
6. (i) Illustrate with a neat diagram the working of SW diathermy. (8)

(ii) Draw a circuit diagram of a DC defibrillator and describe its principle of (8)
operation.(BTL-3)
7. (i) Describe the circuit of fixed rate pacemaker and explain the working (10)
details of it
(ii) Write in detail about microwave diathermy and its uses.(BTL-1) (6)

8. (i) Describe the procedure for the peritoneal dialysis with a suitable diagram. (8)

(ii) Write short notes on Prosthetics & Onthotics.(BTL-1) (8)

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9. (i) Summarize the working of AC defibrillator. (8)

(ii) Discuss on nerve and muscle stimulators.(BTL-2) (8)

10. (i) Examine the nano robots role in biomedical engineering field. (8)

(ii) Illustrate the different modes of operation of cardiac pacemakers.(BTL-3) (8)

11. (i) Distinguish between demand pacemaker and synchronized pacemaker. (6)

(ii) With a block diagram of automatic bekesy audiometer, explain its (10)
measurement procedure.(BTL-4)
12. Prepare the procedure of hemodialysis with suitable block diagram.(BTL-6) (16)

13. (i) Describe the shock wave Lithotripsy for kidney stones. (8)

(ii) What are the divisions in patient monitoring system. Describe each in (8)
detail.(BTL-1)
14. (i) Write a short note on robotic surgery. (8)

(ii) Explain in detail about the Advanced 3D surgical techniques used in (8)
biomedical field in the world.(BTL-1)

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