Generating Wind Loads For Building Structures - TRNC03030

Practice Workbook
This workbook is designed for use in Live instructor-led training and for OnDemand selfstudy.
The explanations and demonstrations are provided by the instructor in the classroom, or in the OnDemand
eLectures of this course available on the Bentley LEARN Server (learn.bentley.com).
This practice workbook is formatted for on-screen viewing using a PDF reader.
It is also available as a PDF document in the dataset for this course.
Generating Wind Loads for Building

Structures
This workbook contains exercises to practice creating wind loads for building structures according to the
method described in the ASCE 7-10 Main Wind Force Resisting System.
TRNC03030-1/0001
DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for student use is permitted

Section 1: Create the Wind Definitions
Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to create the wind definitions that will instruct STAAD.Pro to calculate the wind pressures for the building
walls according to the ASCE 7 Main Wind force Resisting System.
Skills Taught
 Creating the Wind Definitions
 Calculating the Wind Pressures for the Wind Load Acting on the Building from the X Direction
 Calculating the Wind Pressures for the Wind Load Acting on the Building from the Z Direction
Copyright © 2017 Bentley Systems, Incorporated DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for student use is permitted 2
Create the Wind Definitions
In this exercise, you will learn how to create the wind definitions for an enclosed building structure in STAAD.Pro, using the following
command:
 Commands > Loading > Definitions > Wind Load...
Wind Definitions will be used to define the values for all of the parameters required to generate wind loads according to the selected
code or design standard.
1. Open Wind_Building.std {Wind_Building_M.std} in STAAD.Pro.

2. In the Workflow Page Control, select the Loading page.
For this model, it will be necessary to

define the wind loads in the X direction
separately from the Z direction since the
building dimensions are different in each
direction.
As wind loads are developed for a structure, it is not uncommon to find that the values for these parameters vary depending on the
particular wind direction being considered. For this training, we will generate 6 wind load definitions:
 Windward Walls in the X Direction  Windward Walls in the Z Direction

 Leeward Walls in the X Direction  Leeward Walls in the Z Direction
 Sidewalls in the X Direction  Sidewalls in the Z Direction
We will assume that all of the parameters (including exposure and terrain) in the positive X direction, the negative X direction, the
positive Z direction, and the negative Z direction are the same. If any of these parameters are different, you may need to create
additional wind definitions.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Wind option within the Define Load Systems tools.
4. In the Create New Definitions / Load Cases / Load Items dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Type: 1
 Comments: Windward X
Then, click Add.
5. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Type: 2
 Comments: Leeward X
Then, click Add.
 Type: 3
 Comments: Sidewall X
Then, click Add.
 Type: 4
 Comments: Windward Z
Then, click Add.
 Type: 5
 Comments: Leeward Z
Then, click Add.
 Type: 6
 Comments: Sidewall Z
Then, click Add.
10. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.
Calculate the Wind Loads for the Windward Wall in the X Direction
STAAD.Pro can be used to generate wind load per the ASCE 7 specification by entering the type of structure, surrounding terrain, and
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the windward load definition in the global X direction.
1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 1: Windward X definition and then click Add...
3. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Calculate as per ASCE-7 button.
4. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Common item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 ASCE-7: 2010
 Building Classification Category: Category II

For Building Structures, STAAD.Pro will calculate
 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/sec} the wind loads according to the ASCE 7-10,
Chapter 27 (Wind Loads on Buildings - MWFRS).
 Exposure Category: Exposure C
 Structure Type: Building Structures The Common Information will be used to calculate
the Wind Velocity Pressure according to ASCE 7-10,
 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No
Equation 27.3-1:
Click Apply. 2
q z = 0.00256  K z  K zt  K d  V
5. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Main Building Data item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Building Height: 35 ft {10.7 m} The Main Building Data will be used to calculate the
Design Wind Pressure according to ASCE 7-10,
 Building Length along the Direction of Wind (L): 60 ft {18.3 m} Section 27.4.
 Building Length Normal to the Direction of Wind (B): 75 ft {22.9 m}
For this structure, the building natural frequency is
 Building Natural Frequency: 2 Hz greater than 1 Hz and will therefore be classified as
a Rigid Building. The Design Wind Pressure will be
 Building Damping Ratio: 0.01 calculated using ASCE 7-10, Equation 27.4-1:
 Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Building p = qGC P – q i  GC pi 
Click Apply.
6. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Building Design Pressure item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Building Wall to Generate Wind Load on: Windward
Click Apply. Then, click OK.
7. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Add button. Then, click Close.
Note: The Wind Exposures are a way to account for surfaces, such as perforated mesh, that are less than 100% solid with regard
to the way they collect wind. These kinds of surfaces can be accounted for by entering an Exposure factor between 0 and 1.0 to
represent the fraction of the surface that is solid and collects wind load.
Calculate the Wind Loads for the Leeward Wall in the X Direction
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the leeward load definition in the global X direction.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 2: Leeward X definition and then click Add...
 ASCE-7: 2010
 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/sec}
 Structure Type: Building Structures
Click Apply.
 Building Height: 35 ft {10.7 m}
 Building Length along the Direction of Wind (L): 60 ft {18.3 m}
 Building Natural Frequency: 2 Hz
 Building Damping Ratio: 0.01
 Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Building
Click Apply.
 Building Wall to Generate Wind Load on: Leeward
Calculate the Wind Loads for the Side Walls in the X Direction
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the sidewall load definition in the global X direction.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 3: Sidewall X definition and then click Add...
 ASCE-7: 2010
Click Apply.
Click Apply.
 Building Wall to Generate Wind Load on: Side Wall
Calculate the Wind Loads for the Windward Wall in the Z Direction
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the windward load definition in the global Z direction.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 1: Windward X definition and then click Add...
 ASCE-7: 2010
Click Apply.
Click Apply.
 Building Wall to Generate Wind Load on: Windward
Note: The Wind Exposures are a way to account for surfaces, such as perforated mesh, that are less than 100% solid with regard
to the way they collect wind. These kinds of surfaces can be accounted for by entering an Exposure factor between 0 and 1.0 to
represent the fraction of the surface that is solid and collects wind load.
Calculate the Wind Loads for the Leeward Wall in the Z Direction
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the leeward load definition in the global Z direction.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 2: Leeward X definition and then click Add...
 ASCE-7: 2010
Click Apply.
Click Apply.
 Building Wall to Generate Wind Load on: Leeward
Calculate the Wind Loads for the Side Walls in the Z Direction
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the sidewall load definition in the global Z direction.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 3: Sidewall X definition and then click Add...
 ASCE-7: 2010
Click Apply.
Click Apply.
 Building Wall to Generate Wind Load on: Side Wall
Section 2: Apply the Wind Loads to the Building Structure
Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to apply code wind loads to a building structure.
Skills Taught
 Defining the Wind Load Cases
 Applying the Wind Loads Acting on the Building from the X Direction
 Applying the Wind Loads Acting on the Building from the Z Direction
Define the Wind Load Cases
In this exercise, you will learn how to create a new primary wind load case in STAAD.Pro. Each primary load case should be defined
with the following information:
 Loading Type: Used to associate the load case with the code definitions of dead, live, wind, etc. This type of association needs to
be done in order to make use of STAAD.Pro’s facility for automatically generating load combinations in accordance with the code.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Primary Load Case icon.
3. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, select the Primary item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Number: 3
 Loading Type: Wind
 Title: Wind Load +X
Click Add.
4. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Number: 4
 Title: Wind Load -X
Click Add.
 Number: 5
 Title: Wind Load +Z
Click Add.
 Number: 6
 Title: Wind Load -Z
Click Add.
7. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, click Close.

Define the Wind Load Items in the Positive X Direction
In this exercise, you will learn how to add the wind load items to the wind load cases in the positive X direction. Each load case will
include a load item for the windward wall, the leeward wall, and the sidewalls and each load item will include the following parameters:
 Select Type: Used to select the wind definition that corresponds to the direction and wall that is being defined. This will be used to
generate the wind pressures.
 Exposed Surface and Direction: Used to select the direction of application of the Wind Load (X or Z) and to control the surface
with which the loads will be applied.
 Factor: Used in conjunction with the Exposed Surface and Direction, this values influences which surface of a structure receives
wind load. (This value can also act as a linear multiplier on the applied loads.)
 Ranges: Used to define a three-dimensional zone for the wind load application. All members that have both end coordinates
within the specified range are assumed to be candidates for defining a surface that may be loaded if that surface is exposed to
wind.
 Open Structure: If this option is unchecked, STAAD.Pro assumes that structures are enclosed. It seeks out closed loops formed
by framing members and then uses these loops to generate panels or closed surfaces based on the members in the ranges
specified and the end joints. The area within each closed surface is determined and the proportion of this area (tributary area) for
each node in the list is then calculated.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 3: Wind Load +X case.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Load Items icon.
4. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Wind Load > Wind Load item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Select Type: 1
 Exposed Surface and Direction: X (Windward Face)
 Factor: 1
 Open Structure: (unchecked)
Define Y Range:
 Minimum: 0 ft {0 m}
 Maximum: 30 ft {9.15 m}
Define X Range:
 Maximum: 0 ft {0 m}
Click Add.
This wind load item represents the wind load that will be applied to the windward
wall when wind is acting on the structure from the positive X direction. The hatched
areas represent the tributary area that is used to calculate the point force for each
node within the windward wall. (Since this structure has a pitched roof, the Range
fields provide STAAD.Pro with additional information to help it identify the extents
of the windward wall.)
5. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Select Type: 2
 Exposed Surface and Direction: -X (Leeward/Sidewall Face)
 Factor: 1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
 Minimum: 60 ft {18.288 m}
 Maximum: 60 ft {18.288 m}
Click Add.
This wind load item represents the wind load that will be applied to the leeward
wall when wind is acting on the structure from the positive X direction. The hatched
node within the leeward wall. (Since this structure has a pitched roof, the Range
fields provide STAAD.Pro with additional information to help it identify the extents
of the leeward wall.)
 Select Type: 3
 Exposed Surface and Direction: -Z (Leeward/Sidewall Face)
 Factor: 1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
Click Add.
This wind load item represents the wind load that will be applied to one of the side
alls when wind is acting on the structure from the positive X direction. The hatched
node within the side wall.
 Select Type: 3
 Factor: -1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
Click Add.
This wind load item represents the wind load that will be applied to one of the side
alls when wind is acting on the structure from the positive X direction. The hatched
node within the side wall.
8. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Member Load > Uniform Force item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 W1: 0.015 kip/ft {0.22 kN/m}
 Direction: Y (Local)
Click Add. Then, click Close.
9. In the Load & Definition dialog, assign the uniform wind load to the roof beams:
 In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the UNI Y 0.015 kip/ft {UNI 0.22 kN/m} item.
 In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the Group Selection icon.
 In the Select Groups dialog, highlight the G1:_ROOF item and then click Close.
 In the Load & Definition dialog, select the Assign To Selected Beams radio button and then click on the Assign button.
 In the STAAD.Pro dialog, click Yes to confirm the assignment.
This wind load item represents the wind load that will be
applied to the roof when wind is acting on the structure in the
Positive X direction. STAAD.Pro automatically calculates wind
pressures on walls for building structures. If any other wind
forces are acting on your structure (such as roof wind loads),
you must apply those loads manually through a load item.
Sidewall
Leeward
Windward
n Sidewall
Dir ectio
Wind
Define the Wind Load Items in the Negative X Direction
In this exercise, you will learn how to add the wind load items to the wind load cases in the negative X direction. Each load case will

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 4: Wind Load -X case then click Add...
 Select Type: 1
 Exposed Surface and Direction: X (Windward Face)
 Factor: -1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
 Minimum: 60 ft {18.288 m}
 Maximum: 60 ft {18.288 m)
Click Add.
 Select Type: 2
 Factor: -1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
Click Add.
 Select Type: 3
 Factor: 1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
Click Add.
 Select Type: 3
 Factor: -1
 W1: 0.015 kip/ft {0.22 kN/m}
n
D i r ectio
Wind
Sidewall
Windward
Leeward
Sidewall
Define the Wind Load Items in the Positive Z Direction
In this exercise, you will learn how to add the wind load items to the wind load cases in the positive Z direction. Each load case will

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 5: Wind Load +Z case then click Add...
 Select Type: 4
 Exposed Surface and Direction: Z (Windward Face)
 Factor: 1
Click Add.
 Select Type: 5
 Factor: 1
Click Add.
 Select Type: 6
 Factor: 1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
 Minimum: 60 ft {18.288 m}
 Maximum: 60 ft {18.288 m}
Click Add.
 Select Type: 6
 Factor: -1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
 W1: 0.015 kip/ft {0.22 kN/m}
W
in d
Di
re
cti
on
Windward
Sidewall
Sidewall
Leeward
Define the Wind Load Items in the Negative Z Direction
In this exercise, you will learn how to add the wind load items to the wind load cases in the negative Z direction. Each load case will

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 5: Wind Load +Z case then click Add...
 Select Type: 4
 Exposed Surface and Direction: Z (Windward Face)
 Factor: -1
Click Add.
 Select Type: 5
 Factor: -1
Click Add.
 Select Type: 6
 Factor: 1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
 Minimum: 60 ft {18.288 m}
 Maximum: 60 ft {18.288 m}
Click Add.
 Select Type: 6
 Factor: -1
Define Y Range:
Define X Range:
 W1: 0.015 kip/ft {0.22 kN/m}
Leeward
Sidewall
Sidewall
W
ind
Di
Windward re
ct i
on

Generating Wind Loads For Building Structures - TRNC03030

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Practice Workbook

Generating Wind Loads for Building

DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for student use is permitted

 Commands > Loading > Definitions > Wind Load...

1. Open Wind_Building.std {Wind_Building_M.std} in STAAD.Pro.

For this model, it will be necessary to

 Windward Walls in the X Direction  Windward Walls in the Z Direction

Then, click Add.

Then, click Add.

Then, click Add.

Then, click Add.

Then, click Add.

Then, click Add.

10. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 Building Classification Category: Category II

 Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Building p = qGC P – q i  GC pi 

Click Apply. Then, click OK.

8. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 Building Classification Category: Category II

 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/sec}

 Exposure Category: Exposure C

 Structure Type: Building Structures

 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No

 Building Length along the Direction of Wind (L): 60 ft {18.3 m}

 Building Length Normal to the Direction of Wind (B): 75 ft {22.9 m}

 Building Natural Frequency: 2 Hz

 Building Damping Ratio: 0.01

 Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Building

Click Apply. Then, click OK.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 Building Classification Category: Category II

 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/sec}

 Exposure Category: Exposure C

 Structure Type: Building Structures

 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No

 Building Length along the Direction of Wind (L): 60 ft {18.3 m}

 Building Length Normal to the Direction of Wind (B): 75 ft {22.9 m}

 Building Natural Frequency: 2 Hz

 Building Damping Ratio: 0.01

 Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Building

Click Apply. Then, click OK.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 Building Classification Category: Category II

 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/sec}

 Exposure Category: Exposure C

 Structure Type: Building Structures

 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No

 Building Length along the Direction of Wind (L): 75 ft {22.9 m}

 Building Length Normal to the Direction of Wind (B): 60 ft {18.3 m}

 Building Natural Frequency: 2 Hz

 Building Damping Ratio: 0.01

 Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Building

Click Apply. Then, click OK.

8. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

 Building Classification Category: Category II

 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/sec}

 Exposure Category: Exposure C

 Structure Type: Building Structures

 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No

 Building Length along the Direction of Wind (L): 75 ft {22.9 m}