Apts Kelompok 1

CONCEPTUAL & Magister Teknik Sistem UGM
PRELIMINARY Kelompok 1:
SYSTEM DESIGN 1. Angata Rismana (16/407805/PTK/11436)
2. Risal Ngizudin (16/407812/PTK/11443)
SYSTEM DEFINITIONS
A system is an assemblage or combination of elements or parts forming a complex or
unitary whole, such as a river system or a transportation system; any assemblage or
set of correlated members, such as a system of currency; an ordered and,
comprehensive assemblage of facts, principles, or doctrines in a particular field of
knowledge or thought, such as a system of philosophy; a coordinated body of
methods or a complex scheme or plan of procedure, such as a system of organization
and management; any regular or special method of plan of procedure, such as a
system of marking, numbering, or measuring.
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THE ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
Components (input, process, output) altering material, energy, or information
 Attributes (id, address, year, size, colour)
Relationships (component ~ Attributes)

A CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS
 Natural and Human-Made Systems (ex seasons, the food chain, the water cycle)
 Physical and Conceptual Systems (ex Ideas, plans, concepts, and hypotheses )
 Static and Dynamic Systems (ex a bridge and a school)
 Closed and Open Systems (ex chemical equilibrium and plants, ecological
systems, and business organizations)

THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

SYSTEM LIFE-CYCLE PROCESS

PRODUCT, MANUFACTURING AND SUPPORT LIFE
CYCLES (CONCURRENT ENGINEERING)

SYSTEM ENGINEERING DEFINITION
 top-down approach that views the system as a whole.
 A life-cycle orientation that addresses all phases
 A better and more complete effort is required regarding the initial definition of
system requirements,
 An interdisciplinary or team approach throughout the system design and devel-

opment process

SYSTEM ACQUITION PROCESS

FEEDBACK IN SYSTEM ENGINEERING PROCESS

SYSTEM PROCESS MODEL




MORPHOLOGY FOR DESIGN SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS
AND EVALUATIONS

APPLICATION AREAS FOR SYSTEM ENGINEERING

POTENTIAL BENEFIT FROM SYSTEM ENGINEERING
Reduction in the cost
Reduction in system acquisition time
More visibility and a reduction in the risks

HOW TO MAKE A SYSTEM(S)
Conceptual Preliminary Detail Design & Production and/or Operational and
Design Design Development Development System Support
Feasibility Study System Functional Detail of functional System assessment System assessment
Need Analysis Analysis system Modification for Modification for
System Allocation of System prototype corrective corrective
Operational Requirement development
Concept Trade-off & System prototype
System Optimization test
Maintenance System Synthesis
Concept
Advance Product
Planning
Simplified Figure 2.4 System Engineering & Analysis, Blanchard

3. CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM DESIGN

1. Identification of Need
2. Accomplishment of Feasibility Analysis
3. Advance System Planning
4. System Requirement Analysis
5. Technical Performance Measures (TPMs)
6. Functional Analysis and Allocations
7. Synthesis, Analysis and Evaluations
8. System Specification
9. Conceptual Design Review

3.1 NEEDS (1)
Need v
1 require something/somebody
2 used to show what you should or have to do (Oxford Dictionary)
New or
abstract Modified Fulfill the
requirements
System
Internal/External System Design Output

Needs

3.1 NEEDS (2)
Consumer
Req.
Consumer
Support
Effectiveness
Req. Needs Design Design
Req.
Needs Analysis
Support
Req.

3.1 NEEDS (3)
Needs Actual Needs

Analysis Identified


3.2 FEASIBILITY STUDIES (1)
- Earliest stage in understanding a system is to compare it with its own alternative.
i.e.
- How to get from point X to Y
- The most effiecient way to schedule a bus transportation
Direct
Application
List of
Chosen
Alternative: Feasibility studies
Alternative
A, B, C, D
Further Study

General Evaluating Items
Performance Effectively Maintenance Economy

(Support)

Tabel 1. Perbandingan Proses Produksi Selulosa Asetat
(Bimantio,2012)

Example of simple feasibility study:
Pemilihan proses yang akan dirancang dalam
prarancangan pabrik kimia melibatkan
banyak faktor untuk dibandingkan.

Source: Laporan Tahap ke-3 Tugas PPK, Bimantio, 2012



Conceptual
Design
This is the first step in system design and development
Needs Analysis
System
Advance System Feasibility
Operational
Planning Studies
Concept
System
Maintenance
Concept
Preliminary System
Analysis
Conceptual
Design Review
3.3 ADVANCE SYSTEM PLANNING
Needs
Operational Concept
Feasibility
Studies
3.3 ADVANCE SYSTEM PLANNING
Penjabaran Parameter fisik Kebutuhan
Tujuan & Skenario dan performance pemakaian
Distribusi & Life Cycle Efektivitas

Pengembangan Operasional
Lingkungan
Operasional


3.4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS (1)
• activity such as: requirement analysis, functional analysis,
requirement allocation, and further, are iterative in nature.
• Important thing in requirement analysis and definition process 

the necessity of communications

3.4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
ANALYSIS (2)


3.5 TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES (TPMS)
(1)
• After operational requirement ad maintenance and support
concept is the development of qualitative and quantitative design
to criteria.
• TPMs lead to  identification of design dependent parameters

(DDPs)

(2) Performance
Distribution Software/Data
Systems needs maintenance to sustain the

operation and to produce product with high Maintenance
efficiency and effective.
Logistics Equipment
Personnel

(3)

(2) Tingkat Support
Diperoleh baseline
Tanggung Jawab
untuk penentuan:
Kebijakan Support 1. Personnel skill

2. Spare part
Logistik/Tools 3. Repair part
4. Task frequencies
Efektivitas
5. Equipment
Lingkungan Suport
(5) Operational
•
•
On-site CM & PM
Critical Item Support
• Built In System Test
Maintenance •
•
Low Skill Personnel
Operational Environment
• Detail Maintenance
• Overhaul & Calibration
• Manufacturing & Supply
• High Skill Personnel
• Factory Environment
Producer Intermediate
Maintenance Maintenance
• CM & PM
• Spare & Repair Part
• Test Equipment
• Medium Skill Personnel
• Workshop Facility
Component
Suppliers
Maintenance Flow
Supply Flow

3.6 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND ALLOCATION (1)
• Is the process od translating system requirements into detailed
design criteria
(with specific resources and requirement such as hardware, software, people, facilities, etc)
• Is iterative process of breaking down, or decomposing

requirement from the system level to subsystem level
• Accomplishment of functional analysis often represented in the
use of flow block diagram.

3.6 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
AND ALLOCATION (2)


3.7 SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION (1)
• Synthesis  combining and structuring of components in such a
way as to represent a feasible systems configuration.
• Analysis
• Evaluation

3.7 SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION (2)


3.8 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION (1)
• Technical requirements for the systems and its elements is
documented through a series of specifications.
• System Specifications
 technical, performance, operational and support characteristics for the systems as an entity.
• Development Specifications
Equipment item, assembly, computer program, facility, critical item of support.
• Product Specifications
 Standard systems component such as equipment, unit, assemblies, cable

3.8 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION (2)
• Process Specifications
 Covering service that is performed by any other component in the system, such as machining,
bending, welding, plating, heat treating, sanding, marking, packing, etc.
• Material Specifications
 Related to raw material, mixtures such as paints, chemical compounds, or semi fabricated material
like electrical cable, piping, that are used in the process of product fabrication.



4. PRELIMINARY SYSTEM DESIGN
Conceptual Preliminary Detail Design & Production and/or Operational and
Design Design Development Development System Support
Feasibility Study System Functional Detail of functional System assessment System assessment
Need Analysis Analysis system Modification for Modification for
System Allocation of System prototype corrective corrective
Operational Requirement development
Concept Trade-off & System prototype
System Optimization test
Maintenance System Synthesis
Concept
Advance Product
Planning

Operational
Concept
Preliminary
System
Analysis
Maintenance
Concept

1. Subsystem Functional Analysis
2. Requirement Allocation
3. Design requirements (Parameters)
4. Engineering Design Technologies
5. Synthesis and Design Definition
6. System Design Reviews

4.1 SUBSYSTEM FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS (1)
Functional Analysis
• Provides initial description of the system. Serves as baseline
for definition of equipment requirements, software, whether
to support operational or maintenance functions.

4.1 SUBSYSTEM FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS (2) No. Unit Justifikasi Pemilihan Alat Pilihan Alat
Contoh identifikasi masalah pada produksi Selulosa
Asetat dari Cotton dan Asetat anhidrid  Tugas dari unit ini adalah untuk
mereaksikan selulosa dengan asam
1. Membutuhkan waktu reaksi sekitar 5 – 8 jam asetat anhidrid dengan asam asetat
(Malm,1954) glasial sebagai solven dan asam asetat
sebagai katalis.
2. Suhu operasi tidak boleh lebih dari 50 C  Semua bahan masuk pada kondisi 30oC
(Kirk & Othmer,1977) dan 1 atm, dan semuanya berfase cair,

kecuali selulosa yang berfase padat. Stirred Tank
1 Reaktor
3. Reaksi bersifat eksotermis (menghasilkan  Reaksi merupakan proses batch dan Batch Reactor
panas) berlangsung selama 6 jam.

 Reaksi bersifat eksotermis dan suhu
4. Reaksi fase heterogen padat-cair reaksi tidak boleh lebih dari 50oC
karena dapat merusak produk dan
membentuk gel yang tidak diinginkan.
Maka dari itu, reaktor dilengkapi
dengan pendingin berupa chilled water.

4.1 SUBSYSTEM FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS (3)
Tujuan
Detail
Design • Identifikasi fungsi sistem/subsistem
Functional
Analysis • Identifikasi metode fungsi
Operational & • Identifikasi sumber daya

Maintenance
Concept


4.2 REQUIREMENT ALLOCATION (1)
System performance and Physical parameters
• Range, accuracy, speed, capacity, output rate
System Effectiveness Factors

• Operational availability, readiness, reliability, maintainability, producibility, etc
System Support Capability Factors

• Transportations, spare parts availability, turnaround times for maintenance, facility
use
System Life Cycle Factor
• Covering Research and Development cost.
Alokasi kebutuhan memberikan informasi (kualitatif/kuantitatif) desain komponen sistem
agar sistem keseluruhan dapat berfungsi kompatibel dengan kebutuhannya.
Wednesday, March 8, 2017

System Breakdown Into Different Categories 62
kapasitas
maintenance waktu
Efektifitas Performa
alokasi consideration
personnel biaya
Kapabilitas Biaya
daya



4.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENT (PARAMETERS)
Parameters
Design for Design for Design for
Functional
Design for Design for
Usability Producibility Design for
Capability Reliability Maintainability
and Safety
and Affordability
Supportability


4.4 ENGINEERING DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES (1)
Computer-Aided Engineering Design (CAED)
• Design tools that can handle variety problems and evaluate numerous
alternatives in a limited amount of time. Mostly used to generate
drawings and graphic displays.
Applications of CAED Technologies
• Allowing for the accomplishment of design analysis, projection of various
design configurations in 3D graphic.
Analytic Models and Tools
• These technologies used as tools to make a model. Model in this definition
is a simplified representation of the real world which abstract.
Representasi yang di sederhanakan dari masalah dunia nyata yang sedang ditinjau
Syarat – syarat model:
1. Mewakili sistem yang dievaluasi

2. Menyoroti faktor-faktor yang paling relevan
3. Komprehensif dengan memasukkan semua faktor
4. Desain harus cukup sederhana
5. Mudah dimodifikasi

Representasi yang di sederhanakan dari masalah dunia nyata yang sedang ditinjau

Harus disesuaikan dengan masalah yang dihadapi & output harus berorientasi pada
kriteria evaluasi yang dipilih
Bukan merupakan pengambilan keputusan, tetapi merupakan alat yang menyiapkan
data untuk mendukung proses pengambilan keputusan.
physical schematic mathematical

Keuntungan Model Matematika
1 • Mengungkap hubungan antara berbagai aspek masalah
2 • Memuat perbandingan banyak kemungkinan solusi
3 • Menjelaskan situasi di waktu lampau
4 • Menunjukkan jenis data yang harus dikumpulkan
5 • Memfasilitasi prediksi
6 • Mengidentifikasi area risiko dan ketidakpastian


4.5 SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN DEFINITION (1)
• Combining and structuring of parts and

Synthesis elements in such a manner so as to form a
functional entity.
Resulting
Appropriate specification for the

system.

4.5 SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN DEFINITION (2)
Sintesis mengacu pada penggabungan dan penataan bagian dan elemen dengan cara
analitis atau melalui pengembangan & uji pendahuluan dari model fisik sehingga
membentuk entitas fungsional.
Trade-Off
& Synthesis Detail
Preliminary Design
Design Purpose:
Completeness of system
performance and design
requirement

4.6 SYSTEM DESIGN REVIEWS
Define Define evaluation
• Define problems
Needs • Identify feasible
evaluation techniques and
criteria as modelling
alternatives solution
f(problem) requirements
Requirements
Engineering Team No Does
Construct
model
Decisions Action new model exist ?
Yes
Analysis • Run Model
Data
• Sensitivity
Results Analysis Collection
Wednesday, March 8, 2017 System Analysis Process 77

TERIMA KASIH

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CONCEPTUAL & Magister Teknik Sistem UGM

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 Static and Dynamic Systems (ex a bridge and a school)

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 A life-cycle orientation that addresses all phases

 An interdisciplinary or team approach throughout the system design and devel-

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Simplified Figure 2.4 System Engineering & Analysis, Blanchard

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Internal/External System Design Output

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Needs Actual Needs

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General Evaluating Items

Performance Effectively Maintenance Economy

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3.2 FEASIBILITY STUDIES (3)

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Distribusi & Life Cycle Efektivitas

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• Important thing in requirement analysis and definition process 

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• TPMs lead to  identification of design dependent parameters

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Systems needs maintenance to sustain the

efficiency and effective.

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Kebijakan Support 1. Personnel skill

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• Is iterative process of breaking down, or decomposing

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