ANALYSIS FOR RETAINING WALL

1. DESIGN DATA.
Unit weight of soil = g = 18.0 kN/m3
Unit weight of stored fluid = gf = 9.81 kN/m3
Allowable Net bearing capacity = q = 100.0 kN/m2
Angle of internal friction of soil = f = 35.0
Co-efficient of friction = m = 0.33
Height of bund wall above grade = H1 = 2.5 m
Depth of base slab below grade = H2 = 1.0 m
Width of base slab = B = 2.70 m
Thickness of stem = t = 0.3 m
Width of toe slab = 1.0 m
Thickness of base slab = h = 0.3 m
Grade of concrete = fcu = 40 N/mm2
Grade of reinforcement = fy = 414 N/mm2
Density of concrete = gc = 25 kN/m3
Elastic modulus of concrete = Ec = 2.80E+04 N/mm2
Elastic modulus of reinforcement = Es = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Clear cover to main reinforcement = c = 75 mm

2. RETAINING WALL ARRANGEMENT

Total height of bund wall = H = 3.5 m
Width of heel = C = 1.40 m

2.5 W1 W3

3.5

24.5 kN/m2

1.00 0.30 1.40

1.00 W4

0.30 W2

66.4 A 2.70 29.4 kN/m2

A B C D

2.5 kN/m2

36.87 kN/m2

68.8 kN/m2 44.2 kN/m2

3. CALCULATION FOR LATERAL FORCES / MOMENTS

Co-efficient of active earth pressure = Ka = (1-sin f) / (1 + sin f)
= 0.27
Co-efficient of passive earth pressure = Kp = tan2 (45 + f/2)
= 3.7
Lateral pressure due to fluid = p1 = gw H1
p1 = 24.5 kN/m2
Passive pressure due to earth = p2 = KagH2
= 4.9 kN/m2
Lateral passive pressure due to earth = p3 = Kpg H2
= 66.4 kN/m2
Horizontal force above G.L. = P1 = 30.7 kN
Horizontal force below G.L. = P2 = 27.0 kN
Total horizontal force = P = 57.6 kN
Moment due to P1 = M1 = 56.2 kN.m
Moment due P2 = M2 = 13.1 kN.m
Total induced moment at base = M = 69.3 kN.m

4. RESTORING FORCES / MOMENT CALCULATION

SL.No Load due to Magnitude (kN) Distance of CG Moment about 'A'

1 W1 24.0 1.15 27.6 kN.m

2 W2 20.3 1.35 27.3 kN.m
3 W3 34.3 2.00 68.7 kN.m
3 W4 17.6 2.00 35.3 kN.m
SUM (V) 96.2 SUM (MR) 158.9 kN.m

5. CHECK FOR SLIDING

Total horizontal force = P = 57.6 kN
Total vertical restoring force = WR = 96.2 kN
Horizontal frictional resistance = mWR = 31.8 kN
Passive earth pressure = 33.2
Restoring force = WHR = 65.0 kN
Factor of safety against sliding = WHR/P = 1.13
< 1.50
Provide shear key.
Shear will be carried by the shear key = 21.5 kN

6. CHECK FOR OVERTURNING

Total induced moment at base = M = 69.3 kN.m
Total restoring moment at base = MR = 158.9 kN.m
Factor of safety against overturning = 2.29
> 1.50 OKAY
7. CHECK FOR BEARING PRESSURE
Distance of the point of application of the MR-M
= z =
resultant force from "A" SUM (V)

= 0.93 m
B/2 = 1.35
B/6 = 0.45
The eccentricity = e = B/2 - z
= 0.42 m
< B/6, No tension
The resultant is in the middle one third of base
SUM (V) {1 + (6e/B)}
Extreme pressure = f =
B
= f1 = 68.8 kN/m2
= f2 = 2.5 kN/m2
Allowable gross bearing capacity = qall = 118.0 kN/m2 OKAY

9. CALCULATION OF DESIGN FORCES / MOMENTS

9.1 FOR VERTICAL STEM

Total Maximum moment = Ms = 69.3 kN.m
Total Maximum shear force = Fs = 57.6 kN

9.2 FOR HEEL SLAB

Moment due fluid = Mh1 = W3 x C / 2
= 24.0 kN.m
Moment due to Soil = Mh2 = W4 x C/2
= 12.3 kN.m
Moment due to selfweight of toe slab = Mh3 = (C x h x gc)C/2
= 7.4 kN.m
Moment due to upward soil pressure = Mh4 = 13.7 kN.m
Net moment for Heel slab = Mh = Mh1+Mh2+Mh3-Mh4
= 30.1 kN.m
Shear due to fluid = Fh1 = W3
= 34.3 kN
Shear due to earth = Fh2 = P2
= 17.6 kN
Shear due to selfweight = Fh3 = (C x E x gc)
= 10.5 kN
Shear due to upward earth pressure = Fh4 = 27.6 kN
Total design SF for Heel slab = Fh = Fh1+Fh2+Fh3-Fh4
= 34.9 kN
9.3 FOR TOE SLAB
Conservatively, follow the details of heel slab.

10. ABSTRACT DESIGN VALUES (SERVICE)

Component Thickness (B.M.)Max (S.F.)Max
Stem 300 mm 69.3 kN.m 57.6 kN
Heel slab 300 mm 30.1 kN.m 34.9 kN