THE USE OF STOP MOTION VIDEOS TO ENRICH STUDENTS’

VOCABULARIES

Dewi Ratna Fitriani

Firda Ayu Kusuma

Nur Afidah

IAIN Tulungagung, dewir2388@gmail.com, Ayukusumafirda@yahoo.com, afiedathezhea@gmail.com

First Received: April 5th, 2017 Final Proof Received: April 24th, 2018

Abstract : The role of teacher is to provide, show, guide and motivate

students, so that they can interact with the various learning resources. The
form of interaction between students with learning resources can vary.
Todays media is already very sophisticated, as a teacher we can choose
various media in accordance with what is needed. It will help ease learning
and also attract more students about something to say. Media is a tool used
to convey information. One example of media that can be used for learning
is by using stop motion animation. For the example in learning
vocabularies. By using stop motion as teaching media, students are able to
guess some vocabularies and describe a certain vocabulary. Based on the
learning by using the media can be concluded that the teaching media can
be used as a variety of better learning tools.

Keywords : Media, stop motion , vocabularies

INTRODUCTION
In order to make interesting teaching activity, the teacher needs a certain media to chatch
students’ interest. Media are tool used to present information. In clasroom activity, teacher
need teaching media to support the explanation. Teaching media itself is a tool for teacher to
deliver the knowledge to the students. One of the teaching media that can be used is stop
motion animation video. By using stop motion animation video, students feel interesting on
studying English vocabularies. In order to make students easily to get new vocabularies, so
stop motion animation video become appropiate teaching media. Besides, through stop
motion animation video students are motivated to interest with English. However, the
movement of the curriculum from KTSP to K13 push the teacher to becomes creative one on
using teaching media. Therefore, this study can support new curriculum in Indonesia. The
new curriculum suggest to use teaching media in learning activity.
Animation video as teaching media provide some advantages for the students to get more
vocabularies . According to Lin and Tseng (2011) describe the advantages of using animation
video to teach vocabularies by using different point of view. The first, its existence can avoid
the students from having improper inferences. The students can watch the video consisting of
moving pictures and sound effects which they can use as a hint to guess the meaning. The
second, learning vocabularies by watching animation video constructs stronger meaning
representations for better vocabulary retention. While watching the video, the students use
their visual and auditory senses which can help them remember the vocabularies much better
than read a text from text books.
This article wants to present the use of stop motion animation video to enrich students’
vocabularies . This is a new method in learning activity. Through that method, it is hoped
students get many vocabularies through stop motion videos. Stop motion animation video
make learning activity become more interesting and gives students alternative way to
memorize vocabularies easily. In addition, stop motion animation video provide vocabularies
together with the picture that will make students easily to comprehend the vocabularies.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Teaching Media
1. Definition of Teaching Media
Teaching aids are valuable instructional tools that can help make learning
more effective and interesting. Harmer says that a range of objects, pictures and
other things that can be used as instructional media to present and manipulate
language and to involve students in the activities. Popular print media offer good
opportunities for improving learners’ reading and writing skills in particular.
Popular electronic media provide teachers with excellent resource for improving
 language skills, such as listening and speaking. It means that there are so many
medias that can be used in eaching listening.
Reiser and Dick designate instructional media as one of the instructional
planning that should be prepared by teachers before coming in classroom.
Instructional media can be defined as the physical means including traditional
means such as chalk, blackboard, textbooks and modern means such as videos,
tape, recorders, computers, overhead projectors, and others presenting
instructional activities delivered to the students. In line with them, Harmer says
that a range of objects, pictures, and other things can be used as instructional
media to present and manipulate language and to involve students in the activities.
Computers, DVDs, interactive whiteboards, and all sorts of other technology are
present to one degree or another in every school, and most middle-class children,
at least, as DeBell and Chapman, go home to an array of technology as well.
Instead of Borgman, yet only gradually is technology truly changing the core of
teaching and learning in schools. More specifically, Sands stated that instructional
process in which media, as teacher’s language, deliver message to the students.
Thus it can be concluded that instructional media are everything connecting and
delivering messages purposively from teachers to students in order to bring in
controlled instructional environment.
2. Kinds of Teaching Media
Based on Sahid (2010:3) teaching media can be grouped as follows :
a. Visual media : the media which can show information that just can be seen
and read. For example : picture, photo, graphic, diagram, poster, cartoon,
comic, book, etc.
b. Audio media : the media which can show information that just can be heard.
For example: radio, tape recorder, language laboratory, MP3 player, etc.
c. Projected still media : the media that need projector to show the information
which inform of no-motion picture/writing. For example : power point slide,
micro film, etc.
d. Projected motion video : the media that need projector to show information
inform of motion picture/writing. For example : film, television, video (VCD,
DV, VTR), computer, etc.
3. Criteria in Choosing Teaching Media
The selection of teaching media/ material is an integral part of curriculum
planning and delivery in schools. In teaching media, there are some aspects that
teacher or listener should know. The media should directly relate to a curriculum
policy and program on the departments‟ framework standard and relevant for
students. The media also support an inclusive curriculum thus helping students to
gain awareness and the importance of respectful relations with the other. The
media also can motivate students to examine their attitudes and behavior. The
media are relevant for the age of students for whom they are selected. The media
provide opportunities to develop the critical capacities. The media should
represent a range of views on all issues.
Reiser and Dick suggest principles in applying instructional media. First, the
instructional media should be practical. It means that teachers should consider the
availability of the media and the practically of the media, whether they are easily
used in the instructional environment, and what will be the time and the cost
involved containing in obtaining them. Second, the instructional media should be
appropriate to the students‟ characteristics because they perceptions about the
media will affect their learning. The last, the instructional media should be a good
means of presenting a particular instructional activity. It means that the media
should support the activity that will be presented in the classroom.
The international society for Technology in Education (IESTE) has developed
standards for technology use in Education. It provides guidance for teachers in the
following areas; (1) Facilitating and inspiring student learning and creativity, (2)
Designing and developing digital-age learning experiences and assessments, (3)
Modeling digital-age work and learning, (4) Promoting and modeling digital
citizenship and responsibility, (5) Engaging in professional growth and
leadership.However, instructional media must be accessible and easy to use.
4. The Function of Teaching Media
Reiser and Dick explain some advantages or importance of the media.One of
the advantages of using media is that media can motivate students in learning
activity. Some media can be used to invite students‟ attention and to arouse their
curiosity by presenting various images and sounds. Media can be used to present
information that is needed to deliver the message to the students. Heinich and
 friends assumed , instructional media gives students‟ required experiences to
build their prior knowledge.
Educational researchers and practitioners alike assert that the potential of new
technologies for learning is likely to be found technologies are used as tools for
learning. Sign and Means stated that in literacy instruction, technology has both
traditional and authentic uses. An authentic use of technology is using it as a tool
to accomplish a complex task; for example, students who are creating a written
report might use the Internet for research, word-processing software to write and
format the text, and hypermedia software to add images.
Medias are useful in the process of language teaching. Heinich and friend
claims instructional media as medium that is used in instruction to deliver material
to the learner. The media include film, television, radio, audio recording, and
photograph. According to Young and Smith therefore, it makes sense to consider
the variety of uses as they illustrate best practices. Sane stated that video is the
technology to capture, record, and process, transmit and rearrange the moving
picture also video can use for tutorials, videos for learning, and even videos for
entertainment or for documentation of activities. It means in teaching English
language we can use video to make students not bored and like to study English
language. Katchen stated that more and more video are being produce for
language teaching, in other hand, teacher can use video to help students become
better speaker in English. It means they can see what it looks like and sound like.
B. Stop Motion
Stop motion is a powerful animation technique that makes static objects appear to be
moving.
C. Vocabulary
1. Definition of vocabulary
According to Neuman and Dwyer (2009, p. 385), vocabulary is words we
must know to communicate effectively; words in speaking (expressive
vocabulary) and words in listening (receptive vocabulary). Also Hornby (1995)
defines vocabulary as ''the total number of words in a language; vocabulary is a
list of words with their meanings”. Besides , Ur (1998)states: “Vocabulary can
be defined, roughly, as the words we teach in the foreign language. However, a
new item of vocabulary may be more than just a single word: for example, grand
father and book store, which are made up of two or three words but express a
 single idea. A useful convention is to cover all such cases by talking about
vocabulary "items" rather than "words”. In addition, Burns (1972)defines
vocabulary as" the stock of words which is used by a person, class or profession.
Based on Zimmerman cited in Coady and Huckin (1998) vocabulary is central to
language and of critical importance to the typical language learning.
Based on the definitions above, it can be concluded that vocabulary is the total
number of words that are needed to communicate in order to express the speakers'
ideas. That is the reason why it is important to learn vocabulary.
2. Kinds of Vocabulary
According to Haycraft, quoted by Hatch and Brown (1995), indicate two kinds
of vocabulary, namely receptive vocabulary and productive vocabulary.
a. Receptive Vocabulary
Receptive vocabulary is words that learners recognize and understand
when they are used in context, but which they cannot produce. It is
vocabulary that learners recognize when they see or meet in reading text
but do not use it in speaking and writing (Stuart Webb, 2009).
b. Productive Vocabulary
Productive vocabulary is the words that the learners understand and
can prononce correctly and use constructively in speaking and writing. It
involves what is needed for receptive vocabulary plus the ability to speak
or write at the appropriate time. Therefore, productive vocabulary can be
addressed as an active process, because the learners can produce the words
to express their thoughts to others (Stuart Webb, 2005).

Based on Jackson (2002:28), there are two kinds of vocabulary that is

active and passive vocabulary.
a. Active vocabulary
The active vocabulary means the words that you use in your
own speech and writing.
b. Passive vocabulary
The pasive vocabulary means the words that you recognize and
can make sense of in speech and writing to other people.
D. Teaching and Learning Definition
1. Definition of Teaching
According to Gage, teaching is a form of interpersonal influence aimed at
changing the behavior potential of another person. Moreover, Edmund Amidon
defines teaching is an interactive process, primarily involving classroom talk
which takes place between teacher and students and occurs during certain
definable activity. In addition, Brubacher define teaching is an arrangement and
manipulation of a situation in which an individual will seek to overcome and from
which he will learn in the course of doing so.
2. Definition of Learning
Gage (1984), stating that learning is a process in which an organism changes
its behavior as a result of experience. Learn Experience in the life of a person to
do something, or take an action premised is, is a result of the learning process.
While Henry E. Garrett believes that learning is a process that lasts for a long time
through practice and experience that leads to change and the way in responding to
a certain stimulus change. Then Lester D. Crow suggests learning is an attempt to
acquire the habits, knowledge and attitudes. Learning is successful when a person
is able to repeat the material they have learned, then "memorization" learning
called. Then, when they have learned, it is able to come and to be expressed in
their own language, it is called "over learning"
E. The Teaching of Vocabulary
Kareem (2003:49) state that teaching English vocabulary is an important area
worthy of effort and investigation. He says that the linguist also emphasize and
recommend teaching vocabulary because of its importance in language teaching.
Meanwhile, Vacca (1998:6) promotes that learning vocabulary becomes an activity in
itself-a separate one-rather than an integral part of learning academic content. He also
convinces that content area of vocabulary must be taught well enough to remove
potential barriers to to students’ understanding of text as well as to promote a long-
term acquisition of the language of a content area. Vocabulary is usually taught by
using senses, game songs, stories and rhymes, which are considered as effective ways
of practicing the language (Brewster et al. In Wippern and Dochart, 2010).
Teaching vocabulary is not easy as people assumed. Kareem (2003) states that
teachers should learn how to handle this field properly and let their learners handle
 words to be involved with them. In selecting the words, teachers should consider to
the students’s need.
F. Previous Study
There are some researcher conducted research which is still correlated with this
article:
1. Ahsin Fahmi Mubarok , et al on International Seminar and Workshop on ELT
present the result of the research on 2017 in order to investigate the effect of
using animation video on the eighth grade students' vocabulary achievement at
SMPN 5 Jember at 2016/2017 academic year. The tittle of the research is The
Effect of Using Animation Video on the Eight Grade Students’ Vocabulary
Achievement at SMPN 5 Jember The result of the research is that the use of
animation video affected significantly on the eighth grade students’
vocabulary achievement at SMPN 5 Jember in the 2016/2017 academic year.
2. In addition, Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Vol. 1, Nomor 1, September
2012, hlm. 01-118 which is still correlated with this article is written by Ika
Devi entitle Animation Video To Improve Students' Vocabulary Mastery.
From the journal, it can be concluded that using animation video can improve
the students' vocabulary mastery and vocabulary recognition. The students are
easier in grasping the meaning of various words.
G. ASSURE Model
Based on Intsructional Media and Technologies for Learning book written by
Robert Heinich and friends define ASSURE model as a procedural guide for planning
and conducting instruction that incorporates media and technology-assumes that
training or instruction is required. The ASSURE model focuses on planning
surrounding the actual classroom use of media and technology.

DESCRIPTION

Media are the means for transmitting or delivering messages and in teaching-learning
perspective delivering content to the learners, to ac hieve effective instruction. Instructional
Technology/media for learning-teaching process provide with the tools to engage learners
powerfully in the learning process. It greatly enhance the effectiveness of communication. If
it is properly designed, skillfully produced and effectively used have great influence on
teaching & learning.
 Media can be used effectively in formal situation where students are working
independently or teacher is working with other group of students. Media play a significant
role in the education of students with exceptionalities children with disabilities in particular
need special instructional treatment which is supplemented with adaptation and specially
designed media for effective instruction of such students.

The most common use of media in an instructional situation is for supplemental support
of the instructor in the class room to enhance learning. (Heinich, et al. 1996). Every
application of media is somewhat unique but in any case it must be guided by both general
principles of learning and the context in which these principles are employed. For the
instructional use of media programs are designed intentionally to make the teaching-learning
environment more interesting and effective (Locatis & Atkinson, 1990). There are kinds of
media that can used by the teacher as a bridge in teaching and learning. One of the media is
stop motion that include audio visual.

Stop motion is a powerful animation technique that makes static objects appear to be
moving. Creating stop motion draws attention to placement, framing, direction and speed of
movement. There are many types of stop motion techniques, in both 2-D and 3-D media, such
as: hand drawing, cel, cut-paper, sand, and Claymation. Stop motion is provided on google
play, so that every people can install easily on their android. There are kinds of stop motion
aplication such as stop motion studio, picpac and clay frames. In making our media, we use
picpac application which is installed on android to create stop motion video.

DISCUSSION

Stop Motion as teaching media is annalized by using assure model. Stop motion is used
to teach vocabulary for first grade of Junior High School. By using stop motion, students are
able to guess some vocabularies and describe a certain vocabulary. To catch students’
participation, teach er will ask students’ participation by grouping them consist of three
students. Then students are asked to guess and describe some vocabularies that played on
stop motion video.

In the process of making stop motion is not easy, there are something that need attention
in order to make a good result, such as skill and carefulness to move the objects, the
technique to take a picture is needed and to produce good picture. To produce good and
effective stop motion quality, the first step that must be done are make a scenario and script,
design the basic concept of object and layout setting which is needed so that it will match
with the concept.

Skills in editing and using camera also software proof to support in the making stop
motion video. Editing step, giving effect, mixing audio and video also very influential for the
perfect results and has its own story. In making stop motion we have to provide many
pictures. Not only a dozens, a hundreds even a thousand pictures. So, to unite that pictures
until become video, we can use stop motion studio aplication.

Related to learning activity, stop motion has many impact in learning process. The
teacher can combine his or her creativity in teaching by using media to deliver some
materials to the students. Stop motion has many educational benefits and uses within the
classroom, from teaching skills such as teamwork, structural thinking and planning to
providing students with immediate results and instant gratification. Everybody can make stop
motion without any extraordinary tools. Beside, stop motion is rarely use by people. On the
other hand, there are some disadvantages of stop motion, such as need a long time to make it,
the concept must be clear, limited movement of the object and need high carefulness.
Here are the way to make stop motion by using picpac application on android:

1. Install Picpac Application from google play store

2. Take your picture using your camera phone
3. Open your application and follows the steps bellow:
CONCLUSSION

Teaching and learning are the important thing in education. Today, learning process cannot
go away from technology , because technology has been develop. So, as the teacher we have
to creative on teaching learning to create learning imaginative and fun. To do that the teacher
can use a media as the tool that helps the teacher giving the materials to the students. One of
the media is stop motion animation that can be use to teach materials in teaching
vocabularies.
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