ARMATURE WINDINGS

FUNCTION OF THE ARMATURE WINDING

The armature is the heart of the d-c machine; it is where the electric power
originates in the generator and where the torque is developed in motor.Current passes to
and from the armature winding across brush contacts—moving contacts;

TYPES OF ARMATURE WINDING:

The two types of armature winding used on modern dc machines are LAP and
WAVE. They can be distinguished from each other in two general ways: 1) from the
stand point of construction they differ only by the manner in which the coil ends are
connected to the commutator bars. 2) from the standpoint of an electrical circuit they
differ in the number of parallel paths between positive and negative brushes.
The simplest armature windings are called simplex ( simplex lap and simplex wave).
Other modification of lap and wave types are called multiplex( multiplex-lap and
multiplex-wave) these windings differ from those of simplex construction by having
more parallel paths between plus and minus brushes.
The only difference between LAP nad WAVE is the manner in which the coils
ends are brought out.
1. In lap coils the ends usually emerge midway between the sides so that
connections can be readily made to commutator segments that are close
together.
2. In wave coils the ends are brought out at the sides so that they may easily be
bent outward for connection to commutator bars about 360 electrical degrees
apart.
COIL CONSTRUCTION:
COIL PITCH:
Two important aspects of a coil for d-c- armature windings
1) its coil pitch
2) its commutator pitch
Coil Pitch refers to the distance between the two sides of the individual coils.Measured
in terms of slots, it is determined in exactly the same way for all windings whether lap or
wave, simplex or multiplex, generator or motor.

Where:
FORMULA: Ys = S - k Ys = coil pitch, slots
P S = total number of armature slots
P = number of main poles
k = any part of S/P that is subtracted to
make Ys an integer
Example: 1) Calculate the coil pitches Ys and indicate the slot numbers for the first
elements, for windings with the following slot and pole combination:a) S=54, P=4,
b)S=62, P=4 c) S=66, P= 6 d) S= 141, P = 6, e) S = 132, P = 8

Solution:
a) Ys = 54 - 1 = 13 slots 1 to 14
4 2
b) Ys = 62 – 1 = 15 slots 1 to 16
4 2
c) Ys = 66 – 0 = 12 slots 1 to 12
6
COMMUTATOR PITCH:
Commutator pitch refers to the distance on the commutator between the two ends of
a coil element. Measured in terms of commutator segments, its value is determined in a
different way for lap and wave windings.
a) Commutator Pitch for Lap Windings: Designated the commutator pitch by Yc ,
its value is equal to the degree of multiplicity---the plex—of a lap winding. Thus
Yc equals 1,2,3,4, etc, for simplex, duplex, triplex, quadruplex, etc., lap windings
respectively. These numbers indicate that the coil ends are joined to segments 1
and 2, 1 and 3, 1 and 4, etc.
b) Commutator Pitch for wave windings: the ends of each coil element of a wave
winding are bent outward from the coil sides and are connected to commutator
segments nearly 360 electrical degrees apart.

For simplex wave: For multiplex wave

Yc = C +- 1 Yc = C +- m
P/2 P/2
Where: Yc = commutator pitch
C = total number of commutator segments
P = number of poles
EXAMPLE:
Calculate the commutator pitches Yc and indicate the commutator segment
numbers for the first coil elements, for simplex-wave windings with the following
segment and pole combination. A) C = 69, P=4 b) C = 145, P = 4; c) C = 227, P = 6 d)
C = 269 , P = 8 e) C = 326 , P = 10
 SOLUTION:
a) Yc = 69 + 1 / 4/2 = 34 or 35 segments 1 to 35 or 1 to 36
b) Yc = 145 + 1 / 4/2 = 72 or 73 segments 1 to 73 or 1 to 74
c) Yc = 227 + 1 / 6/2 = 76 segments 1 to 77
d) Yc = 269 - 1 / 8/2 = 67 segments 1 to 68