The most important engineers

Chemical Engineering
Nowadays we can see many engineers. According to me Chemical engineering
something different. Chemical engineer according to me is an all rounder, a
chemical engineer knows all subjects like mathematics, physics, fluids ,
mechanics , manufacturing ,designing, etc. However, they also know about
economics, management, safety and the environment. The tools used include
sophisticated scientific experiments, the latest developments in computing, and
large-scale pilot plants.

Basically, chemical engineering branch is the branch which can change the world.

Chemical engineering design concerns the creation of plans, specification, and

economic analyses for pilot plants, new plants or plant modifications. Design
engineers often work in a consulting role, designing plants to meet clients' needs.
Design is limited by a number of factors, including funding, government
regulations and safety standards. These constraints dictate a plant's choice of
process, materials and equipment.

Plant construction is coordinated by project engineers and project managers

depending on the size of the investment. A chemical engineer may do the job of
project engineer full-time or part of the time, which requires additional training
and job skills, or act as a consultant to the project group. In USA the education of
chemical engineering graduates from the Baccalaureate programs accredited
by ABET do not usually stress project engineering education, which can be
obtained by specialized training, as electives, or from graduate programs. Project
engineering jobs are some of the largest employers for chemical engineers.

Future of chemical engineering:

Without doubt, it is becoming increasingly necessary and imperative for man to

be able to manipulate the world around him in order to thrive, and as we continue
to thrive we have to learn how to undo the damage we have done in past years.
Chemical engineers are the only tool we have for new research and development
in almost every field, including the bio related and medical field, environmental
science, research science, and a large portion of the research done in the
technological fields.

Technological development is not the sole focus of chemical engineering,

however. Biochemical engineering involves the study of mammalian tissues,
virus removal from blood, protein manipulation, and a wide array of genetic
engineering technologies. These research scientists are leading the way to a
number of cures and treatments that will improve the health of America Imagine
a day when HIV/AIDS, cancers, and a wide array of terminal and debilitating
conditions have been eradicated or are easily treated.
Chemical Process Engineering encompasses multiple subdisciplines involved in
the design of process systems such as Refineries/Reactors/Factories/Devices for
production of things of value. The field requires in depth knowledge of multiple
fundamentals:
1) Mass and Energy Balances
2) Thermodynamics
3) Kinetics of Chemical Reactions of Interest
4) Instrumentation
5) Process control
6) Safety
7) Materials Science for Design of Equipment
8) Industrial Economics
9) Mass transfer and Heat Transfer equipment design

Agricultural Engineering
Here are two definitions
Agricultural Engineer is the one who deals with the Technical and Mechanical
Parameters of the Agriculture as he deals with new technologies in Agriculture
like Farm implements, Machines, Processes, Post harvest technologies, Tillage
operations, Irrigation, Food Processing, Farm structures and Management, Dairy,
Poultry and other livestock feeding units, Energy management, GIS and Remote
Sensing and etc.
Agronomist is the one who deals with the Physical and Biological Parameters of
Agriculture as he deals with the Soil, Water relations, properties, Seeds and
Chemical needs of plants, Plant pathology, pests and management, Plant
nutrients and etc.
Agronomist deals with crop rotation, irrigation and drainage, plant breeding, plant
physiology, soil classification, soil fertility, weed control, and insect and pest
control. even more in some cases.
To put into nut shell “Jack of all trade but master of none”
To certain extent the above proverb will also suit Agriculture Engineer also
because, Agriculture Engineer deals with Farm mechanizations & water
conservation, electrical, electronic, building material, food preservationist,
thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, bio energy, solar gadget, bio gas plant.
even more.
But Agriculture Engineer and agronomist are TOTALLY different. since,
1.The nature of the problem they both face and deal is different
2.Their objectives are different
3.Only in some area both field of expertise will coincide. That not in detailed
approach.
4. Agronomist 90% work in field and Agriculture Engineer 35% in field
5.Roll of Agriculture Engineer in post harvest is crucial but not agronomist
simply agronomist and Agriculture Engineer both know 10% of each.
specifically, agronomist are like REAL FARMERS who do or capable of doing all
work of farmers. But Agriculture Engineer try to improve previous farming
operation with greater efficiency for maximum production using TECHNOLOGY.
Unlike agronomist, Agriculture Engineer deal with energy, waste utilization and
most importantly post processing of food, value addition, storage of food.
Most technology developed by Agriculture Engineer are either developed as per
requested by agronomist or with the help of agronomist.
That would be one of the best decision for you as well as for your country.
You’ll be contributing greatly to the development of your nation, producing quality
food for the citizens and increasing the economy although by a small fraction.
Being an Agricultural Engineer, you will have a top hand on the following-
Know the veins which drives farming in your country
The effect of climate on plant growth, production, land fertility and crop output
Effectiveness of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides on plant life and final
product
Difficulties faced by farmers like money issues, facilities for farming,
unpredictable weather and low crop production.

The median annual wage for agricultural engineers was $74,000 in May 2012.
The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned
more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less
than $44,750, and the top 10 percent earned more than $115,680.

In May 2012, median annual wages for agricultural engineers in the top five
industries in which these engineers worked were as follows:

Architectural, engineering, and related services $82,090

Federal government, excluding postal service $77,030
Food manufacturing
$73,380
Agriculture, construction, and mining $67,690
machinery manufacturing
Educational services; state, local, and private $50,100
 Agricultural engineers typically work full time. They must sometimes work
overtime because of the nature of agricultural projects.

In addition, agricultural engineers often must be available to address problems

that may come up in manufacturing operations or rural construction projects.

Weather also plays a role in their work schedules. Some outdoor projects for
environmental reclamation or pollution management need favorable weather;
and, as a result, agricultural engineers may work long hours to take advantage
of good weather.

Civil Engineering

Civil engineers design, build, and maintain the foundation for our modern
society – our roads and bridges, drinking water and energy systems, sea ports
and airports, and the infrastructure for a cleaner environment, to name just a few.

Civil engineering touches us throughout our day. Think of a civil engineer when
you:

 Turn on your tap to take a shower or drink clean water

 Flick on your lights and open your refrigerator
 Drive to work on roads and bridges through synchronized traffic lights
 Take mass transit or take a flight for a vacation
 Toss your empty coffee cup in the recycling bin

Characteristics of a civil engineer:

 Time honored civil engineering projects

The Golden Gate Bridge. The Eiffel Tower. The Hoover Dam. The
creativity and innovative spirit of civil engineers are showcased in the
projects they have created throughout the world. ASCE’s Historic Civil
Engineering Landmarks program honors the best of those at least 50
years old.

 Civil engineers who made their mark

Civil engineering achievement starts with people. Get to know the civil
engineers who have left a legacy and those who are just starting to build
their own.
  Encouraging youth interests

Civil engineers volunteer their time to raise the public’s understanding of

how their profession changes the world and boosts our quality of
life. Check out ASCE's resources for reaching students on the appeal of a
civil engineering career.

 Promoting diversity and inclusion

The future strength of the civil engineering profession will come from an
engineering workforce that mirrors the population it serves.

 A vision for the profession

An ASCE summit took the lead in exploring the future and defining the civil
engineer’s role in that new world. Explore what civil engineers aspire to
in The Vision for Civil Engineering in 2025.

 Hear from leaders in the profession

ASCE lets you relax and listen to the views and stories of prominent civil
engineers through the Insights podcast interview series. You can also
view compact discussions of the top civil engineering issues of the day
in the ASCE Interchange video series.

Mining Engineering
Mining engineering is an engineering discipline that applies science and
technology to the extraction of minerals from the earth. Mining engineering is
associated with many other disciplines, such as geology, mineral
processing and metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. A mining
engineer may manage any phase of mining operations – from exploration and
discovery of the mineral resource, through feasibility study, mine design,
development of plans, production and operations to mine closure.
With the process of Mineral extraction, some amount of waste and uneconomic
material are generated which are the primary source of pollution in the vicinity of
mines. Mining activities by their nature cause a disturbance of the natural
environment in and around which the minerals are located. Mining engineers
must therefore be concerned not only with the production and processing of
mineral commodities, but also with the mitigation of damage to the environment
both during and after mining as a result of the change in the mining area.
Mineral exploration
Mineral exploration is the process of finding ores (commercially viable
concentrations of minerals) to mine. Mineral exploration is a much more
intensive, organized and professional form of mineral prospecting and, though it
frequently uses the services of prospecting, the process of mineral exploration
on the whole is much more involved.
The foremost stage of mining starts with the process of finding and exploration
of the mineral deposit. In the initial process of mineral exploration, however, the
role of geologists and surveyors is prominent in the pre-feasibility study of the
future mining operation. Mineral exploration and estimation of reserve through
various prospecting methods are done to determine the method and type of
mining in addition to profitability condition.
Mineral discovery
Mining engineers are involved in the mineral discovery stage by working with
geologists to identify a mineral reserve. The first step in discovering an ore body
is to determine what minerals to test for. Geologists and engineers drill core
samples and conduct surface surveys searching for specific compounds and
ores. For example, a mining engineer and geologist may target metallic ores
such as galena for lead or chalcopyrite for copper. A mining engineer may also
search for a non-metal such as phosphate, quartz, or coal.
The discovery can be made from research of mineral maps, academic
geological reports or local, state, and national geological reports. Other sources
of information include property assays, well drilling logs, and local word of
mouth. Mineral research may also include satellite and airborne photographs.
Unless the mineral exploration is done on public property, the owners of the
property may play a significant role in the exploration process, and may be the
original discoverer of the mineral deposit.
Mineral determination
After a prospective mineral is located, the mining engineer then determines the
ore properties. This may involve chemical analysis of the ore to determine the
composition of the sample. Once the mineral properties are identified, the next
step is determining the quantity of the ore. This involves determining the extent
of the deposit as well as the purity of the ore.[9] The engineer drills additional
core samples to find the limits of the deposit or seam and calculates the
quantity of valuable material present in the deposit.
Feasibility study
Once the mineral identification and reserve amount is reasonably determined,
the next step is to determine the feasibility of recovering the mineral deposit. A
preliminary study shortly after the discovery of the deposit examines the market
conditions such as the supply and demand of the mineral, the amount of ore
needed to be moved to recover a certain quantity of that mineral as well as
analysis of the cost associated with the operation. This pre-feasibility study
determines whether the mining project is likely to be profitable; if it is then a
more in-depth analysis of the deposit is undertaken. After the full extent of the
ore body is known and has been examined by engineers, the feasibility study
examines the cost of initial capital investment, methods of extraction, the cost of
operation, an estimated length of time to payback, the gross revenue and
net profit margin, any possible resale price of the land, the total life of the
reserve, the total value of the reserve, investment in future projects, and the
property owner or owners' contract. In addition, environmental impact,
reclamation, possible legal ramifications and all government permitting are
considered.[10][11] These steps of analysis determine whether the mine
company should proceed with the extraction of the minerals or whether the
project should be abandoned. The mining company may decide to sell the rights
to the reserve to a third party rather than develop it themselves, or the decision
to proceed with extraction may be postponed indefinitely until market conditions
become favorable.