SCT / ENGINEERING / ME AY 2017-2018 / SEM 2 / FE

AK

Engineering Information Technology Business Studies

FINAL EXAMINATION
Academic Year 2017- 2018
Semester II
Level/Specialization Bachelor / Mechanical
Course Code/Title MIME4220 /Power Plant Engineering

DATE TIME DURATION TOTAL MARKS

19/04/2018 01:00 pm - 03:00 pm 2 hours 50

Name: ____________________________________
ID No.: Section:1
__________________________________________

STUDENT TOTAL MARKS

SECTIONS
Examiner Verifier

Section I (10 Marks)

Section II (10 Marks)

Section III (30 Marks)

Grand Total (50)

Examiner: _________________ Verifier: ____________________

Verifier’s Remarks: _______________________________________________________

Instructions:
1) Use Black/Blue pen to write the answers.
2) Follow the instructions given in each section.
3) Read carefully the Exam Rules written on the back and sign.

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Students Examination Rules

‫ال‬  Students are required to be present in the exam ‫يلتزم الطالب بالتواجد في قاعة المتحان قبل عشر دقائق من وقت‬
hall 10 minutes before the starting time. ‫بداية المتحان‬
‫ل‬
‫ائ‬  Students are required to show their ID cards to ‫على الطلبة ابراز بطاقتهم الشخصية للمراقبين‬
the invigilators.
‫ح‬ ‫ة‬
‫ال‬  Students should follow the instructions of the ‫يجب على الطلب اتباع توجيهات المراقبون‬
invigilators.
‫تن‬
 Mobile phones are not permitted in the exam ‫ليسمح بأدخاال التلفون الخلوي الى قاعة الخاتبار‬
‫ظ‬
hall.
‫ي‬
 Personal bags are not permitted to be kept on ‫ليسمح بوضع الحقائب الشخصية )للطالبات( على طاولة الخاتبارات‬
‫م‬ tables.
‫ي‬ ‫ه‬
 Exchange of stationary/calculator between ‫يمنع تبادل واستعارة القلم والمساحات والحاسبات او اي قرطاسية‬
‫لل‬ students is not permitted. ‫اخارى‬
‫ك‬
 Students are not allowed to enter the exam hall ‫ دقيقة من بدأ‬30 ‫ليسمح بدخاول الطلب الى قاعة الخاتبار بعد‬
‫لي‬ after the first half of the hour. ‫الخاتبار‬
‫ا‬  Students are not allowed to leave the exam hall ‫ دقيقة من بدأ‬30 ‫ليسمح بخروج الطلب من قاعة الخاتبار قبل‬
‫ت‬ during the first half hour. ‫الخاتبار‬
‫ال‬  Answers should be written by pen (not pencil). ‫الجابات بالقلم الحبر وليس الرصاص‬
‫تق‬  Writing anything on hands is considered as an ‫تعتبر اي كتابة على اليد او اي رسومات محاولة للغش‬
‫ني‬ attempt to cheat.
‫ه‬  Any cheating or attempt to cheat or disruption of ‫تعتبل اي محاولة للغش والتسبب بالفوضى واعاقة المتحان جنحة‬
‫)ا‬ the serene atmosphere in the exam hall is a ‫تستحق العقوبة‬
‫لب‬ punishable offence.
‫ا‬  Students should hand over the answer scripts to ‫على الطلب تسليم اوراق اجاباتهم للمراق ولتترك الوراق على‬
‫ب‬ the invigilator before leaving the exam hall ‫الطاولة‬
‫ال‬ (Answer scripts should not be left on the table).
‫تا‬
(‫نظام تاديب الطلبه‬:‫سع‬
‫ ( في حالة ثبوت قيام الطالب بالغش اثناء المتحان يعد راسبا في امتحان الماده التي ضبط الغش فيها مع حرمانه من الدراسه في‬80)‫الماده‬
‫ وفي حالة ثبوت قيام الطالب بالغش للمرة الثانيه يتم فصله نهائيا من الكليه‬, ‫الفصل الثاني‬.

Students should read the rules carefully and ‫على الطالب قراءة تعليمات الماتحانات بدقه والتوقيع عليها‬.
sign for that.

………………………………… …………………………………….

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SECTION I. Objective Type Questions Total of 10 marks
Answer all questions

Instruction: Choose the correct answer. (1 mark each)

1. ________ owns 34 % stakes in Petroleum Development Oman

a) Total c) Portugal’s Partex
b) Shell d) The Oman Oil Company

2. Economizer in steam power plant is used to ________

a) Pre heat the air c) Re heat the steam
b) Pre heat the feed water d) Regenerate the steam

3. Fuel cell is a device that converts ________.

a) Electrical energy to heat energy c) Chemical energy to electrical energy
b) Electrical energy to chemical energy d) Heat energy to chemical energy

4. ________ is used to discharge of hot gases from the chimney in bobcock Wilcox boiler
a) Damper c) Baffles
b) Uptake header d) Downtake header

5. The enthalpy of fluid at 8 KPa is________.

a) 391.8 kJ/kg c) 173.9 kJ/kg
b) 2403.1 kJ/kgK d) 721.3 kJ/kg

6. The heat rate of the boiler is 0.5 J/s, and specific enthalpy of boiler is 2700kJ/kg. then the
capacity of the boiler is ________.
a) 0.185 kg/s c) 1.85 x 10-4 kg/s
b) 5400 kg/s d) 1350 kg/s

7. ________ is used to avoid thermal shock to the boiler

a) Feed water heater c) Economiser
b) Baffles d) Damper

8. A gas turbine having the pressure ratio of 6 and the inlet temperature to the compressor is
27˚C, and then the outlet temperature of compressor is.
a) 500.5 K c) 1800 K
b) 435 K d) 162 K

9. Agricultural waste or food crops are called as________.

a) First generation bio fuels c) Second generation bio fuels
b) Third generation bio fuels d) Fourth generation bio fuels

10. The air volume flow rate delivered by the fan is 1.39 x10 -3m3/s and the ideal power
consumption by the fan is 3.6KW, then the differential pressure is.
a) 25.75 bar c) 2575 bar
5
b) 25.75x10 bar d) 25.75x103 bar

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SECTION II: Short-Answer Type Questions Total of 10 marks
Answer all questions

Instruction: Write your answer in the space below the question and if more space is needed
continue on the back of the page.

1. If 6 MJ/min of steam is produced at 8 MPa and 573 K. Find the capacity of (2.0 marks)
the boiler and the quality of the steam.

2. What is the disadvantage of using copper alloy for feed water tube materials? (2.0 marks)

Copper will slowly dissolve into the condensate and eventually plate in other
parts of the system. When it coats the boiler tubes, it can create a lower
melting alloy that can cause premature boiler failure; this is called liquid metal
embrittlement.

3. Briefly explain the flow of flue gases circuit in bobcock and Wilcox boiler. (2.0 marks)

 The hot flue gases rise upward and pass across the left-side portion of
the water tubes.
 The baffles deflect the flue gases and hence the flue gases travel in
the zigzag manner (i.e., the hot gases are deflected by the baffles to
move in the upward direction, then downward and again in the upward
direction) over the water tubes and along the super heater.
 The flue gases finally escape to atmosphere through chimney.

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4. Write any two methods to improve the efficiency of Rankine cycle. (2.0 marks)
Explain anyone with the neat diagram.

 Ranine cycle with super heat

 Rankine cycle with regeneration

The efficiency of the Rankine cycle can increase by expanding the steam in
the turbine in two stages, and reheating it in between
regeneration process, liquid water (feed water) leaving the pump is heated by
steam bled off the turbine at some intermediate pressure in devices called
feed water heaters.

5. Explain the working principle of closed cycle Ocean Thermal Energy (2.0 marks)
conversion plant (OTEC).

 This systems use fluid with a low boiling point, such as ammonia
(having a boiling point around -33°C at atmospheric pressure), to
power a turbine to generate electricity.
 Warm surface seawater is pumped through a heat exchanger to
vaporize the fluid.
 The expanding vapor turns the turbo-generator.
 Cold water, pumped through a second heat exchanger, condenses the
vapor into a liquid, which is then recycled through the system.

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Section III. Long-Answer Type Questions Total of 30 marks

Answer all questions

Instruction: Write your answer in the space below the question and if more space is needed
continue on the back of the page.

1. In a steam power plant working on Rankine cycle, power output delivered is (6.0 marks)
90 MW. The cycle works between 8000 KPa to 0.1 MPa. The steam enters
turbine 600°C and the loss in the turbine is 28%. Assume the steam quality at
turbine outlet is 95%. Determine ;
(i) Thermal efficiency
(ii) Mass flow rate of the steam
(iii) Also show the process in T.S diagram

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2. a) Explain the turbine blade terminologies with the neat diagram . (4.0 marks)

 Camber is the asymmetry between the top and the bottom surfaces of
an aero foil. An aero foil that is not cambered is called a symmetric aero
foil.
 Leading edge is the point at the front of the aero foil that has maximum
curvature.
 Trailing edge is the point at the rear of the aero foil that has maximum
curvature.
 Chord line is the straight line connecting leading and trailing edges.
 Chord length, or simply chord is the length of the chord line and it is the
reference dimension of the airfoil section.
 Mean camber line or mean line is the locus of point’s midway between
the upper and lower surfaces. Its shape depends on the thickness
distribution along the chord.

b) In an gas power plant, air enters the compressor at 110 KPa and 25°C. (2.0 marks)
The air is compressed isentropically to a pressure of 1.5 MPa in the
compressor. Calculate
(i) Temperature after compression
(ii) Compressor Work, Assume Ƴ=1.4

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3. In an impulse steam turbine, steam is made to accelerate through nozzle from (6.0 marks)
rest. Following are the data corresponding to the steam turbine.
Mean blade velocity = 140 m/s; Blade velocity ratio = 0.8.;
Blade velocity coefficient = 0.95; Nozzle efficiency = 95%;
Relative velocity at inlet, Vr1 = 31 m/s;
Tangential component, (Vt1 – Vt2)= 90 m/s.
Find the following
(i) Isentropic heat drop.
(ii) Energy lost in nozzles due to friction.
(iii) Energy lost in the moving blades due to friction.
(iv) Diagram efficiency.
(vi) Stage efficiency.

V.R. = Vb / V1= 0.8; Vb = 140 m/s;

V1 = 140/0.8 = 175 m/s

Isentropic heat drop:

V12 /(2) = Isentropic heat drop × Nozzle efficiency
Isentropic heat drop = 1752 / (2 x 0.95) = 16118.62 J/kg

Energy lost in nozzles due to friction:

Energy lost in nozzles due to friction = Isentropic heat drop×(1 – η n)
= 16118.62 × (1 – 0.95)
= 805.29 J/kg

Energy lost in moving blades due to friction:

Energy lost in moving blades due to friction=(Vr 12-Vr22)/(2)

Blade velocity coefficient = Vr2 / Vr1;

Vr2 = 0.95 x 31 = 29.45 m/s

Energy lost in moving blades =(312–29.452)/(2) = 46.84 J/kg

Diagram efficiency:
Diagram efficiency = 2 × Vb × (Vt1- Vt2) /V12
= 2 × 140 × (90) /1752= 0.82

Stage efficiency:
Stage efficiency = Diagram efficiency × Nozzle efficiency = 0.82 × 0.95 = 0.78

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4 a) Write any two differences between forced draught and induced draught. (2.0 marks)

Forced Draught Induced Draught

1) Fan or blower is placed before The fan or blower is placed after the
grate or situated within the oil burner grate or after the flue passages and
assembly in case of oil fired boiler. before chimney.

2) Pressure inside the flue passages Pressure inside the flue passages is
is slightly more than atmospheric slightly less than atmospheric
pressure. pressure.

3) Due to above reason, there is Due to above reason, there is no

serious danger of fire to come out danger of fire to come out from boiler
and injure someone if any leakage in flue passage in case of a leakage.
boiler flue passage take place. Hence Induced draught is safer.

4) It forces fresh air into the It sucks the hot flue gases from the
combustion chamber, which helps in combustion chamber through flue
burning of fuel and production of hot passages and then passes on these to
combustion gases. Due to this force, economizer, air pre heater and
the hot flue gases are further pushed chimney. Due to this suction, fresh air
through the flue passages in boiler. is also sucked in to combustion
chamber.

5) Forced draught fan require less Induced draught fan requires more
power because it has to handle cold power because it has to handle hot flue
and dense air, the volume per unit gases, the volume per unit mass of
mass of which is less. which is more.

6) Flow of flue gases through boiler Flow of flue gases is less uniform
is more uniform.

b) Derive the expression for brayton cycle with PV and T.S. Diagram

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(4.0 marks)

1-2 : isentropic expansion

2-3 : Constant pressure heat rejection
3-4 : Isentropic Expansion
4-1 : Constant pressure Heat addition
Heat supplied to the system = m.Cp (Tl – T4)
Heat rejected from the system = m.Cp (T2 – T3)
Where Cp= Specific heat at constant pressure,
Work done = Heat supplied – Heat rejected= m.Cp (T l – T4) – m.Cp (T2 – T3)
Thermal efficiency
= Work done/Heat Supplied = [m.Cp (Tl – T4)–m.Cp(T2 – T3)]/m.Cp (Tl – T4)
= [(Tl – T4) – (T2 – T3)] / (Tl – T4)
= 1 – {(T2 – T3) / (Tl – T4)}
For isentropic expansion 1-2
Tl/T2= (Pl/P2) (γ-1)/γ
Tl=T2 (Pl/P2) (γ-1)/γ
For isentropic compression3-4
T4/T3 = (P4/P3) (γ-1)/γ
T4 =T3 (P4/P3) (γ-1)/γ
Thermal efficiency = 1 – {(T2 – T3) / (Tl – T4)}
= 1 – {(T2 – T3) / (T2 (Pl/P2) (γ-1)/γ – T3 (P4/P3) (γ-1)/γ)}
= 1 – {(T2 – T3) / (T2 (rp) (γ-1)/γ – T3 (rp) (γ-1)/γ)}
= 1 – (T2 – T3) / {(T2– T3) (rp) (γ-1)/γ)}
= = 1 – 1/ (rp) (γ-1)/γ)

5. (a) Explain the working principle of dry steam power station with neat diagram (3.0 marks)

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 Steam plants use hydrothermal fluids that are primarily steam.

 The steam goes directly to a turbine, which drives a generator that
produces electricity.
 The steam eliminates the need to burn fossil fuels to run the turbine.
 These plants emit only excess steam and very minor amounts of
gases.
 Dry steam stations are the simplest and oldest design.
 They directly use geothermal steam of 150°C or greater to turn
turbines.

(b) Briefly explain the classification of hydro power turbine

(3.0 marks)
(i) according to the type of energy at inlet
(ii) according to the direction of flow through runner

 According to the type of energy at inlet:

Reaction turbines: Reaction turbines are acted on by water, which
changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its
energy.
Impulse turbines: An impulse turbine is one which the pressure of the
fluid flowing over the rotor blades is constant and all the work output is
due to the change in kinetic energy of the fluid.

 According to the direction of flow through runner:

Tangential flow turbines: In this type of turbines, the water strikes the
runner in the direction of tangent to the wheel.
Radial flow turbines: In this type of turbines, the water strikes in the
radial direction.
Axial flow turbine: The flow of water is in the direction parallel to the
axis of the shaft.
Mixed flow turbine: The water enters the runner in the radial direction
and leaves in axial direction.

END OF EXAMINATION

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