Basic Trig Identities <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.

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Basic Trig Identities � Sec. 7.1

sin x = cos x = tan x =

tan x =

csc x = = sec = = cot x = = cot

x =

Pythagorean Identities � Sec. 7.1

cos2 x + sin2 x = 1 cos2 x = 1 � sin2 x

sin2 x = 1 � cos2 x

sin2 x � 1 = � cos2
x cos2 x � 1 = � sin2 x

sec2 x � tan2 x = 1 sec2 x = tan2 x + 1

tan2 x = sec2 x � 1

tan2 x � sec2 x = �1
1 � sec2 x = � tan2 x

csc2 x � cot2 x = 1 csc2 x = cot2 x + 1

cot2 x = csc2 x � 1

cot2 x � csc2 x = �1
1 � csc2 x = � cot2 x

Opposite Angle Identities � Sec. 7.1

cos ( �x ) = cos x sin ( �x ) = � sin x

Sum and Difference Identities � Sec. 7.3

cos (x � y) = ( cos x )( cos y ) + ( sin x )( sin y ) sin

(x � y) = ( sin x )( cos y ) � ( sin y )( cos x )

cos (x + y) = ( cos x )( cos y ) � ( sin x )( sin y ) sin

(x + y) = ( sin x )( cos y ) + ( sin y )( cos x )

Hint: Functions are the same; signs are different Hint: Signs
are same, functions are different

Double Angle Identities � Sec. 7.4

cos 2x = cos2 x � sin2 x or cos 2x = 2 cos2 x � 1 or

cos 2x = 1 � 2 sin2 x

sin 2x = 2 ( sin x )( cos x ) tan 2x = 2 tan x .

1 �
tan2 x

Half Angle Identities � Sec. 7.4

sin � x = + cos � x = + tan � x

= +