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VIRTUAL STEELMAKING
Manufacture advanced high-strength steels for an steeluniversity.org is unique. Nowhere else in the
aircraft undercarriage, design a door panel for a world is it possible to explore and operate a complex,
passenger car or calculate the design stress for the virtual manufacturing process while at the same
steel cable stays on a suspension bridge. Step inside a time putting scientific, engineering and metallurgical
virtual steel plant, operate the equipment and produce principles and theory into industrial and economic
and test your own grade of steel. practice. The challenge is to design, produce, test
and use steels for specific applications within time and
steeluniversity.org is a free and innovative e-learning financial constraints.
resource focused on all aspects of steel, including
steelmaking technology and the multitude of steel The aims of steeluniversity.org are to inform and excite
applications. students of all ages about steel and to provide practical
examples of metallurgical and scientific principles for
This award-winning initiative is sponsored exclusively teachers to use in their classes and lectures. It also
by the World Steel Association. It provides highly supports the continuing professional development of
interactive, game-like simulations of the major employees in the steel industry supply chain.
steelmaking processes in real-time.
European Academic Software Royal Academy of Engineering Association for Iron & Steel Technology
Award Winner (2004) Education Innovation Prize - AIST Benjamin F. Fairless (AIME)
Finalist (2006) Award Winner (2008)
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WELCOME
steeluniversity.org comprises a series of advanced Some of the simulation exercises are now linked.
and sophisticated educational modules which support By registering and logging on to steeluniversity.org,
traditional teaching and learning practices. you will be able to save and retrieve data relating to the
various simulations and exercises. For example, you
A 4D ‘fly-through’ module provides a first-hand overview can now save your results from the EAF simulation and
of the main production processes used to make steel refine the actual casts you have made in the secondary
in a modern steelworks. Integrating the latest steelmaking plant. There is also a facility for students to
techniques in computer technology, you are taken assign themselves a teacher who can then view their
on a journey from a ship unloading iron ore, all the results and provide feedback on simulation attempts.
way through the various production processes to the Several modules require you to select steels that
finished steel. are fit-for-purpose in transport, construction, energy,
packaging and general engineering markets. You can
The first series of modules take you through the basic take samples from a virtual steel plate and test them
steelmaking processes using a simple menu-driven to check compliance with the specifications. In another
facility. Each module can be studied and operated as exercise you must design and make your own high-
separate units. The thermodynamics and kinetics of strength steel. This involves a detailed understanding
the chemical reactions taking place in these operations of the metallurgical mechanisms that control the
can be explored to provide a detailed understanding properties of steel.
of how they can be controlled.
In another module you are introduced to life cycle
You can make four different grades of steel, each with assessment methodologies and learn how to apply
a different composition, property profile and end-use them to the production and use of steel. This helps
application. There are two levels of difficulty. The more you to recognise the importance of sustainability
difficult route requires you to respond to unexpected and the effect of your actions on the environment.
events during the simulation. This demands a more
in-depth understanding of the process. Realism is
enhanced by industrial sound effects. At the end of
each simulation you receive feedback on the quality
of the steel produced and costs incurred.
A steelmaking facility
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STEEL PROCESSING
You may also like to try the Life of Iron challenge. Find
and collect hidden objects and information from around
the virtual steelworks site and use these facts and
figures to help you complete a quiz.
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Basic oxygen steelmaking Electric arc furnace steelmaking
This module includes a simulation of basic oxygen The electric arc furnace (EAF) is the second of the
steelmaking, one of the two main steelmaking two main steelmaking processes. It is the major
processes. In the basic oxygen furnace, hot metal production route for recycling steel scrap, often into
from the blast furnace is converted into steel. In higher quality steel. In this real-time simulation you
this simulation, you decide the levels of scrap and must first select the appropriate type of scrap and
alloy additions to make. You then take control of the the correct quantities. You will divide the scrap into
oxygen lance and furnace stirring to decarburise and appropriately mixed batches and then charge them
dephosphorise the steel. The steel must be tapped into the electric arc furnace where it is melted by
within the required composition, time and temperature applying a high electric current through three graphite
limits. electrodes. Once melted, the steel is refined through
the injection of carbon and oxygen, and the addition
Details of the chemical reactions occurring during this of various elements and alloys to achieve the required
process are provided. The module also covers slag composition before you deliver the molten steel to
formation and constitution, and process-control issues. a ladle.
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Secondary steelmaking Continuous casting
In this module you have to further refine your ladle In this simulation you play the role of a plant metallurgist
of liquid steel from the electric arc or basic oxygen in charge of bloom, slab and billet continuous casting
steelmaking furnace. You are presented with a ladle machines. Your goal is to successfully sequence-cast
of molten steel together with vacuum degassing, ladle three ladles of steel into semi-finished products ready
arc furnaces, chemical re-heating and stirring station for hot rolling. Many operational decisions have to
facilities. You must select which ones to use and deliver be taken to control the casting speed and the flow
the liquid steel to the appropriate continuous caster of metal from ladle to tundish while keeping a close
within specification, with the required inclusion content, eye on the time and temperature settings. Avoiding a
at the right time and temperature and at minimum cost. break-out or nozzle blockage is critical to the success
This involves driving the ladle cars and cranes. of the process. The internal and surface quality and
final inclusion content are vital factors that need to be
Decisions also have to be made on what additions considered to ensure the steel meets the customer’s
to make, where and when to make them and how to specifications.
remove some unwanted elements.
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STEEL PROCESSING
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STEEL APPLICATIONS
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Offshore Engineering steels
The variety of steels and steel components used in Engineering steels are extensively used in the
offshore applications are explored in this module. automotive, aerospace, railway, oil and gas, mining,
The module ends with an exercise to design and make power generation, defence, agriculture, chemical,
9,000 tonnes of high strength steel for an off-shore construction, general engineering and manufacturing
platform. Your aim is to successfully supply the order sectors. Cars, buses, trucks and off-road vehicles
and make a profit. account for over half the market for engineering steels.
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STEEL APPLICATIONS
Packaging
Steel is an excellent packaging material due to its
strength, formability and durability. Through innovation,
the weight of steel packaging has been reduced and
cost-efficient packaging solutions can be achieved in
a multitude of shapes and sizes. This module covers
the history of steel packaging, the manufacture of
packaging steels and the subsequent processing
to different types of packaging.
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FERROUS METALLURGY
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Thermodynamics and kinetics Mechanical properties
A solid understanding of thermodynamics and kinetics When selecting a material for a particular application,
is fundamental to the chemistry of ironmaking and engineers must be confident that it will be suitable
steelmaking. In order to meet varied and stringent for the loading conditions and environment it will
consumer demands it is necessary to understand experience in service. An understanding of the
how chemical reactions can be accurately controlled. properties of materials is therefore essential.
The control of oxygen, carbon, phosphorus, sulphur,
hydrogen and nitrogen is an essential part of the This module provides an insight into the mechanical
steelmaking process. properties of steels, their selection for specific
applications and the standards and specifications for
This module looks in detail at the chemical several important markets. Virtual tensile, hardness and
reactions taking place in the various secondary Charpy impact tests are available for you to try online,
steelmaking vessels. It illustrates how the underlying either individually or as part of a combined ‘sample and
thermodynamics and kinetics can allow these test’ exercise. This involves you taking samples from
reactions to be manipulated to produce steel with a steel plate, after deciding how many test pieces to
the required composition. produce in various orientations. You then use the virtual
test facilities to measure its properties and determine
whether it meets a particular specification.
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STEELUNIVERSITY.ORG
Sustainability steeluniversity.org
In this module you will examine sustainability and The development of the e-learning resources at
the environment, drawing on examples from the steeluniversity.org is continuing and includes modules
automotive, construction and steel industries. You and simulations from the blast furnace to rolled
will then progress to understanding principles of life products. Other modules will incorporate additional
cycle thinking and life cycle assessment (LCA). Some metallurgical principles and steel applications. The
relatively simple LCAs can also be performed. This facility is being translated into other languages, with
module highlights the importance of considering LCA in modules already available in Spanish, Chinese, Korean,
your decision-making, both in your work and everyday Russian and German.
life. Additional modules planned for this section include
environmental management in the steel industry. Supplementary features are also included on the site.
These include ‘Study and Work’, which comprises
a number of case studies highlighting how
Annual challenge steeluniversity.org is being used in industry and
academia. The section also includes information on
Each year, worldsteel hosts the steeluniversity career opportunities in the steel industry. There are
Challenge, where participants are given 24 hours to links to useful websites, including steel companies,
process a new steel grade or product in one or more of universities and other steel- and materials-related sites.
the virtual steelmaking simulations.
steeluniversity.org can be readily blended into traditional
Multiple attempts are allowed during the 24-hour teaching and learning and is already being used
Challenge period. There are two categories; students by universities and steel companies worldwide. Its
and new steel industry employees (with less than three resources can be used for self-motivated or directed
years’ experience). The winner from each category is individual study, team projects or as a competition.
the individual or team who successfully processes the
steel at the lowest cost. A prize and trophy are awarded worldsteel hopes that steeluniversity.org will inspire and
to the winners at a major worldsteel event. excite students about the value and wonders of steel,
the opportunities steel presents to the sustainability of
The Challenge is normally run in November and attracts our world and about the challenging and rewarding
entries from around the world. careers in the steel industry.
Design: www.blisscommunication.com
World Steel Association
worldsteel.org steeluniversity.org
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