STOBAR

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The Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a ski-jump for STOBAR

STOBAR (Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery) is a system used for the launch and
recovery of aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier, combining elements of both short take-
off and vertical landing (STOVL) with catapult-assisted take-off but with arrested recovery
(CATOBAR).

Aircraft launch under their own power using a ski-jump to assist take-off (rather than using a
catapult like most carriers). However, these are conventional, rather than STOVL aircraft, and
thus require arrestor wires to land on the ship. The STOBAR system is simpler to build than
CATOBAR — but it works only with aircraft that have a high thrust to weight ratio. As of 2015,
it has only been used regularly on Russian, Indian, and Chinese carriers.

Contents
 1 Advantages
 2 Limitations
 3 List of STOBAR aircraft
 4 Users
 5 References

Advantages
Compared to CATOBAR, STOBAR is less expensive to develop. It is easier to operate than a
CATOBAR configuration which requires large number of operators to launch the aircraft. Lack
of any moving parts in ski-jump makes it less expensive to maintain the launch system.[1][2] It
does not require any additional system to generate force required to launch the aircraft unlike
CATOBAR where an external force is needed to be generated either from steam catapult[3] or
Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS)[4] to launch the aircraft.
Limitations

Construction of the ski-jump on INS Vikramaditya

One major limitation of STOBAR configuration is that it only works with aircraft that have a
high thrust to weight ratio such as Su-33 or MiG-29K and thus limits the kind of aircraft that can
be operated from the carrier. In order to become airborne, the aircraft may be required to limit its
weaponry and fuel package in order to reduce the launch weight of the aircraft. [1][5] Short take off
using ski-jump leads to more stress on the airframes of the aircraft, thus limiting the ability to
conduct sorties faster on STOBAR aircraft carrier.[6] STOBAR carriers must maintain a speed of
20kn-30kn in order to generate wind speed required on deck which is essential for conducting
aircraft launch operations.[7]

List of STOBAR aircraft

HAL Tejas (NP-1) short take-off during test flight.

 HAL Tejas- The Naval Tejas is a variant of HAL Tejas Developed for Indian navy. A
prototype (np-1) is currently under flight testing.[8][9][10]
 Mikoyan MiG-29K- currently active with the Indian Navy and the Russian Navy.
 Shenyang J-15- operated by People's Liberation Army Navy on Liaoning[11]
 Sukhoi Su-33- Developed from Su-27 and only operated by the Russian Navy.

Users
The Russian Navy aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov is the first STOBAR carrier. Other aircraft
carriers that feature a STOBAR configuration include the Indian INS Vikramaditya (formerly the
Soviet carrier Admiral Gorshkov), lead vessel of Vikrant-class INS Vikrant as well as the
Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning (formerly the Soviet carrier Varyag).

References
 1. "What are carriers ?".
2. "CHINA'S AIRCRAFT CARRIER AMBITIONS (page 20)".
3. "STEAM-POWERED CATAPULTS" (PDF).
4. "EMALS: Next Gen Catapult".
5. "How Effective Will China's Carrier-Based Fighters Be?".
6. "US-India Collaboration on Aircraft Carriers: A Good Idea?".
7. "Indian Navy seeks EMALS system for second Vikrant-class aircraft carrier".
8. "LCA naval variant's first flight on Friday".
9. "Maiden flight by 2nd prototype of LCA Tejas' naval variant".
10. "Naval Version of Light Combat Aircraft Rolls out a Defining and Memorable Occasion
for the Nation – Antony".
11. "J-15 successfully landed on China's carrier Liaoning: Navy".

[hide]

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Types of takeoff and landing

 Assisted take-off
 Balanced field takeoff
 JATO
 Non-rocket spacelaunch
Takeoff
 Rejected takeoff
 Rocket launch
 Zero-length launch

 CATOBAR
 CTOL
 STOBAR
 STOL
 STOVL
 V/STOL
Takeoff
 VTHL/VTOHL
+
 VTOL
landing
 Launch and recovery cycle
 VTVL
 VTHL
 HTHL
 HTVL

 Belly landing
Landing
 Crosswind landing
  Deadstick landing
 Emergency landing
 Forced landing
 Hard landing
 SRVL
 Short-field landing
 Splashdown
 Touch-and-go landing
 Water landing / Ditching
 Floating landing platform

Categories:

 Aircraft carriers
 Types of take-off and landing

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 This page was last modified on 31 October 2016, at 22:30.

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