Cranial nerve zero (CN0 is not traditionally New research indicates CN0 may play a role in the detection

on of pheromones [2][3] Linked to olfactory system in

recognized.) human embryos[4
Olfactory nerve Transmits the sense of smell; Located in olfactory foramina in the Cribriform plate of ethmoid
Optic nerve Transmits visual information to the brain; Located in optic canal
Oculomotor nerve Innervates levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique,
which collectively perform most eye movements; Also innervates m. sphincter pupillae. Located in superior
orbital fissure
Trochlear nerve Innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, rotates laterally (around the optic axis), and intorts
the eyeball; Located in superior orbital fissure
Trigeminal nerve Receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication; Located in superior orbital fissure
(ophthalmic nerve - V1), foramen rotundum (maxillary nerve - V2), and foramen ovale (mandibular nerve - V3)
Abducens nerve Innervates the lateral rectus, which abducts the eye; Located in superior orbital fissure
Facial nerve Provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and
stapedius muscle, receives the special sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and provides
secretomotor innervation to the salivary glands (except parotid) and the lacrimal gland; Located and runs
through internal acoustic canal to facial canal and exits at stylomastoid foramen
Vestibulocochlear nerve (or auditory- Senses sound, rotation and gravity (essential for balance & movement). More specifically. the vestibular
vestibular nerve or statoacoustic nerve) branch carries impulses for equilibrium and the cochlear branch carries impulses for hearing.; Located in
internal acoustic canal
Glossopharyngeal nerve Receives taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, provides secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland,
and provides motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus. Some sensation is also relayed to the brain from the
palatine tonsils. Sensation is relayed to opposite thalamus and some hypothalamic nuclei. Located in jugular
foramen
Vagus nerve Supplies branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and all pharyngeal muscles (except the
stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal); provides parasympathetic fibers to nearly all
thoracic and abdominal viscera down to the splenic flexure; and receives the special sense of taste from the
epiglottis. A major function: controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate. Symptoms of
damage: dysphagia (swallowing problems), velopharyngeal insufficiency. Located in jugular foramen
Accessory nerve (or cranial accessory nerve Controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, overlaps with functions of the vagus. Examples of
or spinal accessory nerve) symptoms of damage: inability to shrug, weak head movement; Located in jugular foramen
Hypoglossal nerve Provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue (except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by
the vagus) and other glossal muscles. Important for swallowing (bolus formation) and speech articulation.
Located in hypoglossal canal