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Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw | 90 – 2/3 | 65 - 71 | 2011

A tribute to the late Felder brothers – pioneers of Limburg


geology and prehistoric archaeology; introduction

J.W.M. Jagt1,*, E.A. Jagt-Yazykova2 & W.J.H. Schins3

1 Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, de Bosquetplein 6-7, NL-6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands.


2 Uniwersytet Opolski, Katedra Biosystematyki, ul. Oleska 22, PL-45-052 Opole, Poland.
3 Nederlandse Geologische Vereniging (NGV), Afdeling Limburg, St. Martinusstraat 30, NL-6245 GE Eijsden, the Netherlands.
* Corresponding author. Email: john.jagt@maastricht.nl

Manuscript received: April 2011; accepted: June 2011

Abstract

All contributions in the current memorial volume are briefly commented upon, with the emphasis on how these issues touched upon, or were linked
to, the long and productive professional careers of the late Felder brothers, in the fields of geology, palaeontology and human prehistory. Pertinent
literature references are added, some of which are covered in the various papers, while others illustrate their wide range of interests and prolific
publishing lives.

Keywords: Felder brothers, Limburg, commemoration, geology, prehistory, palaeontology, publications

Introduction al., 1962; W.M. Felder, 1977). Werner also took a keen interest
in geological mapping (W.M. Felder, 1981, 1996), flint genesis
In assembling the present volume over the past two years, we and ichnofossils (W.M. Felder, 1980) and, when in the field,
have attempted to cover all aspects of Neolithic archaeology had a good eye for macrofossils of various kinds, although
(prehistory) and Late Cretaceous stratigraphy, palaeontology, belemnitellid coleoids and echinoids ranked amongst his
geology and geochemistry, in which the late Felder brothers, favourites.
Werner and Sjeuf (Fig. 1), took an interest, knowing that this Although covering the same field, Werner and Sjeuf did not
would turn out to be a near-impossible task. Such has been always see eye to eye on matters stratigraphical, to put it
their impact in these fields, that for generations to come their mildly. Sjeuf’s bioclast-based ecozones proved to conflict with
papers will be consulted and referred to, and their data used. Werner’s formal lithological units (W.M. Felder, 1987) on several
Werner’s work revolved primarily around the formal occasions. In later years, the brothers found a way to deal with
lithostratigraphical subdivision of strata of Late Cretaceous their differences of opinion, by simply agreeing (P.J. Felder &
(Santonian-Maastrichtian) and early Paleogene (mostly Danian) W.M. Felder, 2008) that they were both right!
age (W.M. Felder, 1975a, b). During a period of at least forty-five The Felder brothers co-operated closely during the
years, he produced logs of all outcrops, both working quarries excavation, exploration and documentation of Neolithic flint
and temporary exposures, in southern Limburg (the Netherlands) mines at Rijckholt-St. Geertruid (P.J. Felder et al., 1998). This
and contiguous areas, the so-called ‘Ontsluitingenarchief’ , and meticulous work did not go unnoticed in countries all over the
he never missed an opportunity to update on one or more of world, and in fact led to the working group being invited to
these, in particular the section exposed at the ENCI-Heidelberg support similar work done in England and elsewhere.
Cement Group quarry at Maastricht (W.M. Felder & Bosch, 1998, Sjeuf’s career revolved mostly around the theme of bioclasts
2000). Thus, we now have key data on outcrops long gone, such and ecozonation, which he introduced (P.J. Felder, 1981) as a
as those along the ‘toeristenweg Epen-Vaals’ (W.M. Felder et new means to correlate and date Upper Cretaceous and lower

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw | 90 – 2/3 | 2011 65


Fig. 2. Sjeuf Felder (centre) and Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen students,
Marcel Roelofs (left) and Eric Mulder (right) in 1978; photograph by Jan
van Eyk.

be resolved, e.g. for the Kunrade limestone facies of the


Maastricht Formation and the Vijlen Member of the Gulpen
Formation (P.J. Felder et al., 1985b; Bless & Felder, 1989; P.J.
Felder & Bless, 1989, 1994; Bless, 1991; Bless et al., 1986, 1987,
1991a, b, 1993; P.J. Felder, 1997).
A profusely illustrated book, entitled Het Fenomeen Felder,
Fig. 1. Werner Maria Felder (1930-2008; left) and Peter Jozef (= Sjeuf) was written by one of us (Schins, 2008) on the occasion of the
Felder (1928-2009; right). Picture taken July 2008; courtesy of Miel 60th anniversary of the Afdeling Limburg (NGV). It illustrates
Doumen. the impact the Felder brothers had, and still have, on all things
geological and prehistoric in southern Limburg. To commemorate
Paleogene strata in southern Limburg and adjoining areas. them, also two special issues of the Dutch periodical Sprekende
From the start, he worked out this method in great detail, and Bodem, published by the NGV Afdeling Limburg, have appeared
as soon as it appeared to work, and work well, he was invited to in recent years, with contributions written by former
assess borehole cores, mostly from southern Limburg and the colleagues and close friends: Sprekende Bodem 53(3): 76-124
Campine (Kempen) area in northeast Belgium, but also from (for Werner) and Sprekende Bodem 54(3): 72-120 (for Sjeuf).
further afield (P.J. Felder, 1994, 1995, 2001a, b; P.J. Felder et For the present volume we have assembled papers written by
al., 1985a, b). former colleagues and co-workers, as well as by other
During the mid- and late 1970s, Sjeuf co-operated with geologists and palaeontologists who knew the Felder brothers
students of the Biology Department of the Katholieke Universiteit well. In our introductory notes below, we wish to indicate how
Nijmegen (Fig. 2), who he introduced in the intricacies of these papers relate to their scientific careers.
correlation and bioclast ecozonation. In addition, his educational
work brought him in close contact with the ’common folk’; in The present volume
an unsurpassed way, he was able to tell these people, in laymen
terms, about complex geological processes but also about the The Veldwezelt loess series
use of natural resources through time (P.J. Felder, 2001c, 2006).
To us, Sjeuf’s major contributions to our knowledge of A temporary section along the Albert Canal near Veldwezelt
Limburg geology involve those papers which link bioclast (Belgium) is discussed by Meijs (2011). In preserving the
ecozonation to existing lithostratigraphy, resulting in key data transition between downslope and uphill areas as well as a
on local tectonics, both in southern Limburg, the Campine area, south-east trending stream, this section has enabled a
the Hautes Fagnes area and the vicinity of Folx-les-Caves and reconstruction of a very detailed Late Saalian, Eemian and
Orp-le-Petit. In fact, the combined bioclast zones and frequency Weichselian loess sequence and furnished important pedological,
curves of benthic foraminifera and ornamented/unornamented sedimentological, faunal, tephrochronological and cryogenic
ostracods provided a reliable correlation tool, even in condensed data. Associated remains of human occupation could thus be
sections. In this way, a lot of previously puzzling issues could placed in various pedo-sedimentological cycles. Werner in

66 Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw | 90 – 2/3 | 2011


particular was fascinated by such issues, having discovered in Dinocysts and correlations
the early 1980s a Palaeolithic flint tool at the nearby Belvédère
gravel pit (Maastricht-Caberg; see Van Kolfschoten & Roebroeks, Following taxonomic/stratigraphical evaluations of dinocyst
1985), which sparked a renewed interest in early prehistory. assemblages by Slimani (1994) and Foucher (in Robaszynski et al.,
Moreover, his geological mapping of southern Limburg included 1995), the interest in these microfossils grew steadily, mainly
logging of various loess sections. because they were the prime tool in borehole core analyses in the
Campine area (Belgium) and proved to be of great importance
An Albian lyelliceratid ammonite for the first sequence-stratigraphic interpretation of the type
Maastrichtian (see Brinkhuis & Schiøler, 1996; Schiøler et al., 1997;
During the early 1980s, Sjeuf came to the conclusion that it was Slimani, 1996, 2000; Slimani et al., 2011). In acknowledgement
better, at least for him, to give up trying to identify macrofossils of their achievements, Brinkhuis et al. (2000) named a new genus
at the generic and specific level. This also explains why he never and species after the Felder brothers, Spumadinium felderorum.
collected fossils the way his brother Werner did. Werner was a
keen collector, with a good eye for detail, and his collections Belemnitellid coleoids
include material from places visited while on family holidays
(in e.g., France, Switzerland, Germany) or during pre- and post- Although in recent years some doubt has been cast over the
conference excursions throughout Europe. Unlike Sjeuf, Werner long-distance correlative value of belemnites, stratigraphically
wished to have the full names of the specimens he had collected well-documented collections do yield important data for
and he would have been delighted to see a previously recognised local/regional correlation (events; see Keutgen et al., 2010;
form from the Albian of southern France properly named herein. Keutgen, 2011) and can also be used for isotopic studies, as the
present example by Vonhof and co-workers shows.
Trace fossils and parataxa
Echinoids
In view of the fact that they are closely related to flint genesis
(see Zijlstra, 1994) and are of importance palaeoecologically, Werner in particular was interested in macrofossils of all kind,
Werner took an interest in trace fossils, and even erected his but first and foremost echinoids. When he finally succeeded in
own ichnospecies, Bathichnus multiturbatae W.M. Felder, 1980, tracing ‘Müller’s Bed’ (Müller, 1847-1859), he set to collect as
from the Vaals Formation in the type area. Breton (2006) much as possible from this particular level, which yielded
subsequently introduced a new ichnogenus, Felderichnus, to numerous silicified macrofossil taxa, notably heteromorph
accommodate this form. Only in recent years has a taxonomic ammonites. Later, Sjeuf joined the ranks and both brothers
assessment of the ichnofossil suites of the Maastrichtian type produced a marvellous set of lacquer peels, now contained in
area been initiated, and more discoveries may be expected, as the collections of the Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht.
shown here by Donovan et al. (2011). The new species of hemiasterid, here named after both of them
(Van der Ham et al., 2011), acknowledges their perseverance.
Brachiopods
Marine turtles
Sjeuf used certain brachiopods (see P.J. Felder, 1981) in his
bioclast analyses, in particular peaks in the distribution of the It was Sjeuf who wrote an overview of all remains of sea turtles
thecideid Thecidea papillata (Von Schlotheim, 1813); other (P.J. Felder, 1980) contained in various collections, both at home
species were noted, but not identified. The Maastrichtian type and abroad. Most of these skeletal remains can be ascribed to
area has a long history of brachiopod research, going back to Allopleuron hofmanni (Gray, 1831), the commonest species in the
the early days of Faujas de Saint-Fond (1799-?1802) and Von area. Despite its regular occurrence, there still remains a lot to be
Schlotheim (1813). The greatest boost came from Joseph de discovered, as the contribution by Janssen et al. (2011) shows.
Bosquet (1854, 1859), who described numerous new species,
notably craniids and thecideids. Later work includes a revision City walk – building stones galore
of those thecideids by Backhaus (1959) and of craniids by
Kruytzer (1969). Various subsets in the collections of the On occasion of the reopening of the completely refurbished
Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht (i.e., L. Blezer, W.M. Felder, Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht in 1977, Sjeuf wrote a
J.W.M. Jagt, S. Renkens / H. Zijlstra, H. Senden) are currently brochure on building stones used in the city of Maastricht. A
being assessed by Simon (1993, 2003, 2004a, b, 2005, 2007a, b; comparable leaflet (Dubelaar et al., 2006) was published a few
Simon & Owen, 2001). The paper on Terebratulina chrysalis in years ago, while the present contribution by Dubelaar et al.
the present issue (Simon, 2011) is a good example of what can (2011) is an updated version of the 1977 walk, this time with
still be achieved in this field. full-colour illustrations.

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw | 90 – 2/3 | 2011 67


Tourtia ammonites (Department of Geology, University of Otago), Neda
Motchurova-Dekova (Department of Geology and Palaeontology,
The Mons Basin in southern Belgium was within the range of University of Mining and Geology, Sofia), Birgit Niebuhr
Werner’s activities. There too, a sequence of stratigraphic gaps, (Senckenberg naturhistorische Sammlungen, Dresden), Florence
with some chalk or limestone in between, was developed, which Quesnel (BRGM GEO/G2R, Orléans), John J.G. Reijmer (Vrije
could thus serve as a ‘touchstone’ for the Liège-Limburg Basin. Universiteit, Amsterdam), Bas van de Schootbrugge (Johann
During the construction of boat lift at Strépy-Thieu, Werner Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main), Andrew B.
joined forces with a few colleagues and collected large suits of Smith (The Natural History Museum, London), Noël
silicified macrofossils of late Albian age, inclusive of some Vandenberghe (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Laura Vietti
ammonites (Kennedy et al., 2008). Younger ammonite faunas, (University of Minnesota, Saint Paul) and Markus Wilmsen
of early Cenomanian to Turonian age, occur in condensed (Senckenberg naturhistorische Sammlungen, Dresden).
sequences, locally referred to as ‘ tourtias’ (Kennedy et al., 2011).
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